Раствор альбумина в современной концепции инфузионной терапии – история продолжается?

Hypoalbuminemia and hypovolemia are independent risk factors for the development of multiple organ dysfunction, the main cause of death in critically ill patients. The use of a human albumin (HA) solution in complex of the fluid therapy affects both of these risk factors. However, more than 75 years of experience of HA use by the medical community and numerous clinical studies have proved its safety but did not lead to a consensus on the clinical effectiveness of its use. Thus, questions remain, and in which patients the use of HA is most appropriate. The authors of this review attempted to summarize the knowledge accumulated by the medical community on the use of HA in the practice of intensive care.Гипоальбуминемия и гиповолемия являются независимыми факторами риска развития полиорганной недостаточности, основной причиной смерти пациентов, находящихся в критическом состоянии. Применение раствора альбумина человеческого (АЧ) в комплексной инфузионной терапии влияет на оба этих фактора риска. Однако более чем 75-летний опыт применения АЧ медицинским сообществом и многочисленные клинические исследования показали его безопасность, но не привели к единому мнению о клинической эффективности применения. Таким образом, остается вопрос «у каких именно пациентов применение АЧ наиболее целесообразно?». Авторами данного обзора предпринята попытка обобщить накопленные знания о применении растворов альбумина в практике интенсивной терапии

Research findings from Africa in relation to WIPO development agenda priorities

Research findings indicate that there are several factors that inhibit access to knowledge, including unaffordability, unavailability and in some cases the lack of a reading culture. The African Copyright and Access to Knowledge (ACA2K) research studies further the understanding of the relationship between national copyright environments and access to knowledge (learning materials in particular). The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Development Agenda recognises that renewed efforts are required ‘to further facilitate access to knowledge and technology for developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) to foster creativity and innovation.

The C-H bond activation in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate-copper(ii) acetate-water-air (dioxygen) systems

Ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C2C 1im][AcO])-copper(ii) diacetate monohydrate-water-air (O2) systems have been investigated by 13C NMR, EPR, spectrophotometry, HPLC, and synthetic chemistry methods at different temperatures. The C-H bond activation of [C2C1im]+ with the formation of the unusual dication 1,1′-diethyl-3,3′-dimethyl-2,2′- biimidazolium ([(C2C1im)2]2+) at 50°C and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-one (C2C 1imO) at 50-85°C was revealed. Two new complexes with the above compounds, [(C2C1im)2][Cu(AcO)4] and Cu2(AcO)4(C2C1imO)2, were isolated from the systems and characterized by X-ray structural analysis. Catalytic cycles with the participation of copper(ii) acetate and dioxygen and the production of [(C2C1im)2]2+ and C2C1imO have been proposed. The catalysis presumably includes the formation of the CuII(O2)CuII active centre with μ-η2:η2-peroxide bridging in analogy with tyrosinase and catechol oxidase activity. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Multifrequency X,W-band ESR study on photo-induced ion radical formation in solid films of mono- and di-fullerenes embedded in conjugated polymers

Anion-cation radical formation in solid films of M3EH-PPV blended with C60-PCBM, C120-O-PCBM and C60-MDHE, C 120-O-MDHE under diode laser (532 nm) and Xe-lamp light excitation studied by means of X,W-band at temperatures 30-80 K is reported. Subsequent high frequency W-band ESR data demonstrate the reproducible, but variable effect of appreciable dispersion (D) contribution in the ESR spectral line for the di-fullerene anion radicals. It is suggested that the increase of the D part relative to the absorption (A) in the summarized ESR absorption line in blends with difullerenes is caused by the higher value of difullerene medium conductivity. The obtained data are quantitatively discussed by the D/A ∼ F(d/δ) functional dependence in approach of plane film geometry, where d is the film thickness and δ is the skin-depth. The influence of ν-dependent δ at D/A value has been checked using X-band LESR. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Chromosome-scale genome assembly provides insights into rye biology, evolution and agronomic potential

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an exceptionally climate-resilient cereal crop, used extensively to produce improved wheat varieties via introgressive hybridization and possessing the entire repertoire of genes necessary to enable hybrid breeding. Rye is allogamous and only recently domesticated, thus giving cultivated ryes access to a diverse and exploitable wild gene pool. To further enhance the agronomic potential of rye, we produced a chromosome-scale annotated assembly of the 7.9-gigabase rye genome and extensively validated its quality by using a suite of molecular genetic resources. We demonstrate applications of this resource with a broad range of investigations. We present findings on cultivated rye's incomplete genetic isolation from wild relatives, mechanisms of genome structural evolution, pathogen resistance, low-temperature tolerance, fertility control systems for hybrid breeding and the yield benefits of rye-wheat introgressions.Peer reviewe

Варіаційна постановка задач термодеформування електропровідних тіл у електромагнітному полі

The paper discusses issues concerning the thermal deformation of electrically conductive bodies under the action of the electromagnetic field. Similar problems arise, for example, in the analysis of induction heating processes. Transient electromagnetic field leads to heat release in electrically conductive bodies, and the change in temperature fields leads to a change of stress-strain state of a body. The creation of methods for the quantitative analysis of the stress-strain state of bodies under the action of an electromagnetic field is an urgent scientific problem because such an analysis allows us to evaluate the performance and durability of various structural elements. The modern approach dictates the need to consider three related problems: the problem of spatio-temporal distribution analysis of the electromagnetic field, transient heat-transfer problem and the problem of stress-strain analysis. The analysis of real technical and technological systems can only be done using appropriate numerical methods. In this case, the most universal is the finite element method, which has proven itself both in the analysis of the deformable bodies mechanics and in the analysis of various multiphysical problems. The usage of the finite element method requires an appropriate mathematical formulation of the problem. The mathematical problem formulation in variational form is considered in this article. Examples of corresponding functionals that allow finding solutions to a problem by finite element method are presented in the article. The functionals describing the transient distribution of the electromagnetic field are constructed based on the using of the concept of scalar electric and vector magnetic potentials. The influence of the electromagnetic field on the temperature distribution and the deformation process is taken into account by introducing distributed heat sources and distributed electromagnetic forces. The operation of varying the solution functions – potentials, temperature and displacements – makes it possible to obtain a system of resolving algebraic equations of the finite element method.В статье поставлена проблема связанного анализа распределения электромагнитного и теплового поля, а также напряженно-деформированного состояния электропроводного тела. Приведены соответствующие функционалы, стационарность которых обеспечивает нахождение решения. Представлены в общем виде системы разрешающих уравнений.У статті поставлено проблему зв’язаного аналізу розподілу електромагнітного та теплового поля, а також напружено-деформованого стану електропровідного тіла. Наведено відповідні функціонали, стаціонарність яких забезпечує знаходження розв’язку. Надані у загальному вигляді системи визначальних рівнянь

Albumine solution and modern concepts of infusion therapy: does the story continue?

Hypoalbuminemia and hypovolemia are independent risk factors for the development of multiple organ dysfunction, the main cause of death in critically ill patients. The use of a human albumin (HA) solution in complex of the fluid therapy affects both of these risk factors. However, more than 75 years of experience of HA use by the medical community and numerous clinical studies have proved its safety but did not lead to a consensus on the clinical effectiveness of its use. Thus, questions remain, and in which patients the use of HA is most appropriate. The authors of this review attempted to summarize the knowledge accumulated by the medical community on the use of HA in the practice of intensive care

Задачі нестаціонарної теплопроводності електропровідних тіл у електромагнітному полі

The article deals with issues related to the analysis of transient propagation of the temperature field in electrically conductive bodies under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The action of the electromagnetic field on electrically conductive bodies is manifested in two versions: the possible movement of the body and a change in its temperature in accordance with the Joule-Lenz law. The energy of the electromagnetic field is used in various technological operations, including in the sense of changing the temperature of the processed objects. The use of the temperature effect of an electromagnetic field is typical, for example, for technological operations such as induction heating. A calculated study of the unsteady temperature field in this case allows us to select rational structural and operational parameters of the technological operation. In addition, it is known that a change in body temperature leads to the appearance of thermal deformations, which makes a certain contribution to the stress-strain state and can affect the working life and durability of technological equipment. Thus, the topic of the article is relevant in practical and scientific aspects. In the analysis of real structures, the features of their geometry and operating conditions require the use of numerical analysis methods. Analytical calculation methods, which most often allow obtaining approximate results, can be used as evaluative for simplified calculation models. In technological operations of induction heating of massive cylindrical billets, a spiral multi-coil inductor is very often used. The article considers the task of analyzing the spatio-temporal distribution of temperature in a cylindrical billet, which is heated by an external multi-turn inductor. The problem is considered in an axisymmetric formulation. The spatial-temporal distribution of the basic characteristics of the electromagnetic field is preliminarily determined. An analytical solution to the problem is presented, which was obtained by the Laplace transform method, under the assumption of unlimited workpiece, its ideal electrical conductivity, as well as neglecting the real heat transfer conditions at its boundary. The numerical solution of the problem is obtained by the finite element method and is devoid of these simplifications. The analysis of the influence of the size of the inductor on the nature of the distribution of the temperature field in the workpiece is carried out.В статье рассматривается анализ нестационарного температурного поля, которое возникает в цилиндрическом теле при его индукционном нагревании при помощи внешнего спирального многовиткового индуктора. Представлены результаты аналитического решения, полученного при помощи метода преобразования по Лапласу и численного решения методом конечных элементовУ статті розглядається аналіз нестаціонарного температурного поля, яке виникає у циліндричному тілі при його індукційному нагріванні за допомогою зовнішнього спірального багатовиткового індуктора. Представлені результати аналітичного розв’язання за допомогою методу перетворення за Лапласом та чисельного розв’язання методом скінчених елементів

Mauritania. Magazine illustré mensuel de l'Afrique du Nord

01 mai 19111911/05/01 (N7)