Bayesian method for fitting the low-energy constants in chiral perturbation theory

The values of the low-energy constants (LECs) are very important in the chiral perturbation theory. This paper adopts a Bayesian method with the truncation errors to globally fit some next-leading order (NLO) LECs $L_i^r$ and some next-to-next-leading order (NNLO) LECs $C_i^r$. With the estimates of the truncation errors, the fitting results of $L_i^r$ in the NLO and NNLO are very close. The posterior distributions of $C_i^r$ indicate the boundary-dependent relations of these $C_i^r$. Ten $C_i^r$ are weakly dependent on the boundaries and their values are reliable. The other $C_i^r$ are required more experimental data to constrain their boundaries. Some linear combinations of $C_i^r$ are also fitted with more reliable posterior distributions. If one knows some more precise value of $C_i^r$, some other $C_i^r$ can be obtained by these values. With these fitting LECs, most observables provide a good convergence, except for the $\pi K$ scattering lengths $a_0^{3/2}$ and $a_0^{1/2}$. Two examples are also introduced to test the improvement of the method. All the computations indicate that considering the truncation errors can improve the global fit greatly, and more prior information can obtain better fitting results. This fitting method can extend to the other effective field theories and the perturbation theory.Comment: 35 pages, 8 figure

Unsupervised Video Domain Adaptation for Action Recognition: A Disentanglement Perspective

Unsupervised video domain adaptation is a practical yet challenging task. In this work, for the first time, we tackle it from a disentanglement view. Our key idea is to handle the spatial and temporal domain divergence separately through disentanglement. Specifically, we consider the generation of cross-domain videos from two sets of latent factors, one encoding the static information and another encoding the dynamic information. A Transfer Sequential VAE (TranSVAE) framework is then developed to model such generation. To better serve for adaptation, we propose several objectives to constrain the latent factors. With these constraints, the spatial divergence can be readily removed by disentangling the static domain-specific information out, and the temporal divergence is further reduced from both frame- and video-levels through adversarial learning. Extensive experiments on the UCF-HMDB, Jester, and Epic-Kitchens datasets verify the effectiveness and superiority of TranSVAE compared with several state-of-the-art methods. The code with reproducible results is publicly accessible.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables. Code at https://github.com/ldkong1205/TranSVA

SYENet: A Simple Yet Effective Network for Multiple Low-Level Vision Tasks with Real-time Performance on Mobile Device

With the rapid development of AI hardware accelerators, applying deep learning-based algorithms to solve various low-level vision tasks on mobile devices has gradually become possible. However, two main problems still need to be solved: task-specific algorithms make it difficult to integrate them into a single neural network architecture, and large amounts of parameters make it difficult to achieve real-time inference. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel network, SYENet, with only $~$6K parameters, to handle multiple low-level vision tasks on mobile devices in a real-time manner. The SYENet consists of two asymmetrical branches with simple building blocks. To effectively connect the results by asymmetrical branches, a Quadratic Connection Unit(QCU) is proposed. Furthermore, to improve performance, a new Outlier-Aware Loss is proposed to process the image. The proposed method proves its superior performance with the best PSNR as compared with other networks in real-time applications such as Image Signal Processing(ISP), Low-Light Enhancement(LLE), and Super-Resolution(SR) with 2K60FPS throughput on Qualcomm 8 Gen 1 mobile SoC(System-on-Chip). Particularly, for ISP task, SYENet got the highest score in MAI 2022 Learned Smartphone ISP challenge

Bioactivities of berberine metabolites after transformation through CYP450 isoenzymes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Berberine (BBR) is a drug with multiple effects on cellular energy metabolism. The present study explored answers to the question of which CYP450 (Cytochrome P450) isoenzymes execute the phase-I transformation for BBR, and what are the bioactivities of its metabolites on energy pathways.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>BBR metabolites were detected using LC-MS/MS. Computer-assistant docking technology as well as bioassays with recombinant CYP450s were employed to identify CYP450 isoenzymes responsible for BBR phase-I transformation. Bioactivities of BBR metabolites in liver cells were examined with real time RT-PCR and kinase phosphorylation assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In rat experiments, 4 major metabolites of BBR, berberrubine (M1), thalifendine (M2), demethyleneberberine (M3) and jatrorrhizine (M4) were identified in rat's livers using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). In the cell-free transformation reactions, M2 and M3 were detectable after incubating BBR with rCYP450s or human liver microsomes; however, M1 and M4 were below detective level. CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 played a major role in transforming BBR into M2; CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were for M3 production. The hepatocyte culture showed that BBR was active in enhancing the expression of insulin receptor (InsR) and low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA, as well as in activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). BBR's metabolites, M1-M4, remained to be active in up-regulating InsR expression with a potency reduced by 50-70%; LDLR mRNA was increased only by M1 or M2 (but not M3 and M4) with an activity level 35% or 26% of that of BBR, respectively. Similarly, AMPK-α phosphorylation was enhanced by M1 and M2 only, with a degree less than that of BBR.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Four major BBR metabolites (M1-M4) were identified after phase-I transformation in rat liver. Cell-free reactions showed that CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 seemed to be the dominant CYP450 isoenzymes transforming BBR into its metabolites M2 and M3. BBR's metabolites remained to be active on BBR's targets (InsR, LDLR, and AMPK) but with reduced potency.</p

An improved progressive triangular irregular network densification filtering algorithm for airborne LiDAR data

Airborne lidar is a technology for mapping surface spatial information and has been widely used in many areas of geospatial information disciplines. The filtering process of removing non-ground points has always been the focus of research. PTD (Progressive Triangular Irregular Network Densification) filtering algorithm is a widely used filtering algorithm for airborne lidar data. However, this algorithm has shortcomings in retaining ground points in steep areas, leading to large type Ⅰ errors. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved PTD algorithm. The improvement is the addition of the seed points filtering. Specifically, after the potential seed points are obtained by the progressive morphological filter, the seed points filtering is performed on it to remove the non-ground points, so that the obtained seed points are more accurate. The benchmark dataset of ISPRS (International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) Working Group III is used to assess the proposed method. Results show that the method is effective in decreasing type Ⅰ error in steep areas. Comparing with the classic PTD algorithm, the type Ⅰ error and total error are decreased by 8.46% and 5.06% respectively. In addition, the proposed method shows a great advantage in computational efficiency, that is eight times more efficient than the classic PTD algorithm

Representatiivsete proovide võtmine reostunud pinnase kuhjadest

Töö keskendub representatiivsete proovide võtmisele reostunud pinnase kuhjadest. Töö esimeses pooles antakse ülevaade proovivõtu teoreetilistest alustest. Käsitletakse pinnase partii mõõtmelisust ja heterogeensust ning kirjeldatakse proovivõtul tekkivaid võimalikke proovivõtu vigu. Samuti kirjeldatakse erinevaid viise, mida saab kasutada proovi massi vähendamiseks. Töö raames viidi läbi patendi teemauuring, et saada ülevaadet leiutistest, mida saaks rakendada proovide võtmisel saastunud pinnase kuhjadest. Uuringuga leiti viis sellekohast leiutist ning nende rakendatavust on töös võrreldud. Töö raames viidi läbi ka akrediteeringu-uuring, et tuvastada, millised Eestis tegutsevad asutused ja ettevõtted omavad akrediteeringut pinnaseproovide võtmiseks ja analüüsimiseks. Leiti kolm ettevõtet akrediteeringuga naftasaaduste sisalduse määramiseks pinnases ja neist ühel on ka akrediteering pinnaseproovide võtmiseks, kuid akrediteeritud meetod ei hõlma proovivõttu pinnasekuhjadest. Proovivõtu teoorias toodud praktilisi võtteid katsetati võrdleval proovivõtmisel saastunud pinnase töötlemise väljakul ja jääkreostuse likvideerimistöö objektil. Proove võeti kokku neljast pinnasekuhjast erinevatel meetoditel ning proovi massi vähendamiseks kasutati samuti erinevaid võtteid. Saadud proovides määrati akrediteeritud laborites naftasaaduste sisaldused ning saadud tulemusi on analüüsitud ning nende põhjal on antud hinnanguid kasutatud proovivõtu meetodite kohta. Töös on antud ka praktilised soovitused representatiivseks proovivõtuks pinnasekuhjadest. Töö eesmärk kirjeldada representatiivse proovivõtu metoodika reostunud pinnase kuhjadest proovide võtmiseks on täidetud. Kuna katsetulemused ei kinnitanud esimese auna puhul olulist erinevust representatiivse ja vähem representatiivse proovivõtu metoodika vahel, siis on antud töö baasil võimalik edasi uurida proovivõtu vigade ilmnemist suurema arvu proovivõtu puhul. Samuti on võimalik katseliselt kindlaks teha, kui kaua püsivad läbisegatud aunas 0D partii omadused ehk millise aja möödudes ei anna auna pinnalt proovide võtmine enam usaldusväärseid tulemusi

The significance of Notch ligand expression in the peripheral blood of children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

BACKGROUND: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), a virus-induced infectious disease that usually affects infants and children, has an increased incidence in China in recent years. This study attempted to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of HFMD. METHODS: Eighty-two children diagnosed with HFMD were enrolled into this study. The HFMD group was further divided into the uncomplicated HFMD and HFMD with encephalitis groups. The control group included 40 children who underwent elective surgery for treatment of inguinal hernias. RESULTS: Children with HFMD displayed significantly reduced CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cell subsets, but substantially enhanced CD3−CD19+ cell subset (p < 0.05 versus control subjects). The expression levels of Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4 in the peripheral blood of the HFMD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3−CD19+ cell subsets, but not in Notch ligand expression, between the uncomplicated HFMD and HFMD with encephalitis groups. Dll4 expression in HFMD subjects correlated negatively with the CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ cell subsets (p < 0.05), but positively with the CD3−CD19+ cell subset (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Dll4 expression in HFMD with encephalitis subjects correlated positively with total white blood cell (WBC) counts and total protein contents in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Notch ligand Dll4 exhibits a strong correlation with the CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3−CD19+ cell subsets in children with HFMD, indicating that the Notch signaling may be involved in the development of HFMD by affecting the number and status of peripheral lymphocytes

Gut phageome: challenges in research and impact on human microbiota

The human gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining our health. Fluctuations in the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Dietary patterns, medication, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity can all influence the abundance of different types of microbiota in the gut, which in turn can affect the health of individuals. Intestinal phages are an essential component of the gut microbiome, but most studies predominantly focus on the structure and dynamics of gut bacteria while neglecting the role of phages in shaping the gut microbiome. As bacteria-killing viruses, the distribution of bacteriophages in the intestine, their role in influencing the intestinal microbiota, and their mechanisms of action remain elusive. Herein, we present an overview of the current knowledge of gut phages, their lifestyles, identification, and potential impact on the gut microbiota