Planets of the solar system

Venera and Mariner spacecraft and ground based radio astronomy and spectroscopic observations of the atmosphere and surface of venus are examined. The composition and structural parameters of the atmosphere are discussed as the basis for development of models and theories of the vertical structure of the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, atmospheric circulation and cloud cover. Recommendations for further meteorological studies are given. Ground based and Pioneer satellite observation data on Jupiter are explored as well as calculations and models of the cloud structure, atmospheric circulation and thermal emission field of Jupiter

The effect of hypodynamia on mineral and protein metabolism in calcified tissues of the maxillodental system (experimental radioisotope study)

Mineral and protein metabolism was studied in experiments on 60 white rats, using P-32 and Ca-45 uptake in the mineral fractions, 2C-14-glycine in the protein fractions, and P-32 in both fractions of calcified tissues as indices over a 100 day period of experimental hypodynamia. Combined alterations in mineral and protein metabolism occurred in the calcified tissues of the experimental animals. The most pronounced changes were found in P-32 and 2C-14-glycine metabolism. In the incisors and femoral bones, these alterations occurred in two phases: P-32 and 2C-14-glycine uptake first increased, then decreased. Changes in Ca-45 metabolism were less pronounced, particularly in the initial period of the experiment. A marked reduction in P-32, Ca-45, and 2C-14-glycine uptake was found in various fractions of the calcified tissues on the 100th day of experimental hypodynamia

Mechanisms of water-salt metabolism disturbances in dogs subjected to six month hypokinesia

Water-salt metabolism in dogs during prolonged restricted motor activity (hypokinesia) was investigated. It was found that hydration occurred and fluid was redistributed between the extra- and intra-cellular sectors. Also, electrolyte excretion rose, and magnetism and calcium metabolism changed significantly. It is concluded that the forces caused by muscle strain proper (which was decreased under conditions of hypokinesia) influence the state of bone metabolism

Educational portal of PetrSU

В статье рассматривается образовательный портал ПетрГУ.The article discusses the Educational portal of PetrSU

Foresight research in management accounting: scenario forecasting and a comprehensive system of expert assessment methods in agricultural holdings

Foresight research in management accounting should be aimed at solving long-term perspective issues. A set of systems and methods of expert assessment is selected or developed in the course of such studies. The managerial staff of an economic entity with the authority to make strategic decisions develop forecast scenarios taking into account the opinions of competent experts involved in the economic field under consideration. Based on the fact that there can be many options for an economic future, they jointly discuss and develop a coordinated idea of ​​which option for future economic development is most preferable for an agricultural holding, taking into account the variability of the economic situation.The subject of the study is the improvement of management accounting in the part of Foresight research in agricultural holdings with a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the management of the activities of its agricultural organizations. In modern times, agricultural holdings can change the situation through competent management accounting, since competent management accounting allows companies to consolidate their activities, thereby giving good development to agriculture, both financially and in attracting highly qualified specialists, as well as the country's food security. In accordance with this goal, the main task was determined: to develop the mechanisms of Foresight research of management accounting in agricultural holdings, for the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of management of the activities of agricultural organizations included in it. Foresight participants do not try to guess the future but build a comprehensive system of measures for the development of the agricultural holding, which allow it to be achieved; this distinguishes the difference between foresight and traditional methods of planning, forecasting and budgeting in agriculture

СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО: СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ И ПОДХОДОВ АНАЛИЗА И УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКОГО УЧЕТА

In the present economic situation, effective management accounting of the activities of any agricultural enterprise implies regular monitoring using a whole range of traditional and innovative analytical and management tools. In the conditions of the modern market, the need for research of the theory and practice of management accounting and its features in relation to a specific target audience is growing. Among the diversity of agricultural organizations, the most important is to identify priorities in improving the business in order to increase its efficiency and uniqueness. In this paper, with the help of tools, various aspects of management accounting are analyzed, a new generalized direction of accounting is defined, a new concept of management accounting is given, the most effective and optimal management approaches are identified for effective decision making.The proposed measures can be applied not only by agricultural organizations, but also by other economic entities. The proposed system of management accounting in agriculture can serve as a starting point for scientific research and improvement of management accounting.En la situación económica actual, la contabilidad de gestión efectiva de las actividades de cualquier empresa agrícola implica un monitoreo regular utilizando toda una gama de herramientas analíticas y de gestión tradicionales e innovadoras. En las condiciones del mercado moderno, la necesidad de investigar la teoría y la práctica de la contabilidad de gestión y sus características en relación con un público objetivo específico está creciendo. Entre la diversidad de organizaciones agrícolas, lo más importante es identificar las prioridades para mejorar el negocio con el fin de aumentar su eficiencia y singularidad. En este documento, con la ayuda de herramientas, se analizan diversos aspectos de la contabilidad de gestión, se define una nueva dirección generalizada de contabilidad, se proporciona un nuevo concepto de contabilidad de gestión, se identifican los enfoques de gestión más eficaces y óptimos para una toma de decisiones efectiva. Las medidas propuestas pueden ser aplicadas no solo por organizaciones agrícolas, sino también por otras entidades económicas. El sistema propuesto de contabilidad de gestión en la agricultura puede servir como punto de partida para la investigación científica y la mejora de la contabilidad de gestión.В настоящее время в сложившейся экономической ситуации эффективный управленческий учет деятельности любого сельскохозяйственного предприятия подразумевает регулярный мониторинг, с помощью целого комплекса традиционных и инновационных аналитических и управленческих инструментов. В условиях современного рынка все больше возрастает потребность в исследовании теории и практики управленческого учета и ее особенностей применительно к конкретной целевой аудитории. Среди создавшегося многообразия сельскохозяйственных организаций наиболее важным является определение приоритетов в совершенствовании собственного бизнеса с целью повышения его эффективности и уникальности. В настоящей работе с помощью управленческих инструментов проанализированы различные аспекты управленческого учета, определено новое обобщенное направление управленческого учета, дано новое понятие управленческого учета, определены наиболее эффективные и оптимальные управленческие подходы для целей выработки эффективных решений.Предложенные мероприятия могут быть применены не только организациями сельского хозяйства, но и другими экономическими субъектами. Предложенная система управленческого учета в сельском хозяйстве может послужить отправной точкой для научных разработок и совершенствования управленческого учета

Neutron star composition in strong magnetic fields

We study the problem of neutron star composition in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The effects of the anomalous magnetic moments of both nucleons and electrons are investigated in relativistic mean field calculations for a $\beta$-equilibrium system. Since neutrons are fully spin polarized in a large field, generally speaking, the proton fraction can never exceed the field free case. An extremely strong magnetic field may lead to a pure neutron matter instead of a proton-rich matter.Comment: 12 pages, 3 postscript files include

Chaotic scattering on surfaces and collisional damping of collective modes

The damping of hot giant dipole resonances is investigated. The contribution of surface scattering is compared with the contribution from interparticle collisions. A unified response function is presented which includes surface damping as well as collisional damping. The surface damping enters the response via the Lyapunov exponent and the collisional damping via the relaxation time. The former is calculated for different shape deformations of quadrupole and octupole type. The surface as well as the collisional contribution each reproduce almost the experimental value, therefore we propose a proper weighting between both contributions related to their relative occurrence due to collision frequencies between particles and of particles with the surface. We find that for low and high temperatures the collisional contribution dominates whereas the surface damping is dominant around the temperatures $\sqrt{3}/2\pi$ of the centroid energy.Comment: PRC su