Chemical composition and nutritional value of two edible mushrooms from three regions of Côte d’Ivoire

Wild edible mushrooms are consumed in the center regions of Côte d’Ivoire. In this study, the proximate composition, mineral element profile and amino acid profile of two selected wild edible mushrooms from three regions from center of Côte d’Ivoire including Lentinus squarrosulus and Auricularia politrich investigated. The mushrooms were harvested fresh, dried in an oven at 45°C for 48 hours, ground and analyzed according to standard procedures. showed high level of proteins (24.07±0.30–26.20±0.72%), crude fibre (12.30±0.07–20.13±0.07%), carbohydrate (52.36±1.84–64.64±0.68%), ash (9.58±0.18–16.02 ±0.10%) and fat (0.92±0.02–5.40±0.24%) in all species in the three regions. Mineral analysis of all species indicated the mushrooms were specifically rich in potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. Potassium was found to be the most abundant mineral present in all specie ranging from 1240.02±0.20 to 3414.11±0.94 mg/100g. Cadmuim and lead contents of the two species were generally very low. There were 17 amino acids, and these mushrooms were rich in essential amino acids. The ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids were 0.40 to 0.45. The high scores of essential amino acids present in these mushrooms implied that they have a high biological protein value. These mushrooms could be considered a potential health food and may be of use to the food industry as a source of ingredients with high nutritional value

Antihypertensive and antiatherogenic effects of Tanopati a traditional recipe used for the treatment of high blood pressure

Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of Tanopati on induced hypercholesterolemia in rats and hypertension in rabbits.Methods: Twenty wistar rats were divided into 4 groups each and then subjected to different treatments. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by induced dietary cholesterol; the rats are then treated with Tanopati and Questran®)Sixteen rabbits males, divided in four lots with four rabbits each, were used in this study. Hypertension was induced by adrenalin (1 mg/ml for 2 weeks intramuscularly) in the lots 2 to 4. After induction of hypertension in animals, they were treated with the extract of Tanopati. The cardiovascular parameters of rabbits (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) was taken with an electric manometer. These three cardiovascular parameters were then compared to the witness group.Results: The treatment with the Tanopati and with Questran® significantly improved (p <0.05) these parameters by decreasing the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol against an elevation of HDL cholesterol levels. After 8 days of treatments on rabbits induced hypertension with Tanopati or with Tenordate®, cardiovascular parameters decreased significantly up to their normalization values.Conclusions: The results obtained confirm the antihypertensive effect of Tanopati and justify it traditionally use in treatment of high blood pressure

Study of thermal stability of two acid phosphatases from breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds: kinetic and thermodynamic analysis

The thermal stability of acid phosphatases ACP1 and ACP2 from breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds was investigated by studying the effect of heat treatment over a range of 55 to 75 °C. Thermal inactivation of each enzyme, evaluated by loss in activity, was apparently followed by first-order kinetics with k-values comprised between 0.0139 ± 0.0005–0.0620 ± 0.0001 and 0.0117 ± 0.0002–0.0362 ± 0.0004 min-1 for ACP1 and ACP2, respectively. D and k-values decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing temperature, indicating faster inactivation of ACP1 and ACP2 at higher temperatures. Ea and Z-values were estimated to 69.19 ± 2.71 kJ/mol and 31.55 ± 1.05 °C for ACP1, 52.25 ± 1.94 kJ/mol and 41.84 ± 2.06 °C for ACP2. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. All the results suggest that both acid phosphatases are relatively resistant to long heat treatments up to 60°C

PERCEPTIONS DES UTILISATEURS DE L’EFFICACITE DES MOUSTIQUAIRES IMPRÉGNÉES D’INSECTICIDE A LONGUE DUREE D’ACTION (MILDs) DANS LES CONDITIONS DE TERRAIN EN COTE D’IVOIRE

This study of the perception of the effectiveness of Olyset net® and Permanet® (two models of LLINs) in field conditions, was conducted in two villages of Dabou in Côte d'Ivoire. Several units of those LLINs were distributed to women, and sociological repeated surveys were conducted over a long period, using a questionnaire and focus groups. Concerning perceived effectiveness, results show an advantage of Permanet®. But that is much attached to the fine mesh of Permanet® rather than the insecticidal effect. Statistical analysis using the regressive method reveals that the industrial soap powder, a moderate washing frequency and the tap water, are factors likely to not rapidly alter the insecticidal effect of LLINs

Sensibilité des Populations D’Aedes Aegypti des Zones Héveicoles de Dabou (Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire) aux Organophosphorés, aux Pyréthrinoïdes et au Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis

L’expansion de l’hévéaculture entraine une forte modification de l’environnement en Côte d’Ivoire. Aussi, plusieurs épidémies de dengue et de fièvre jaune dues Aedes aegypti ont récemment été observées en Côte d’Ivoire. Le profil de sensibilité aux insecticides d’Aedes aegypti dans ces zones d’agriculture de masse nécessitant une main d’œuvre importante est mal connu. Cette étude a établi le profil de sensibilité d’Aedes aegypti dans les zones de cultures d’hévéa de Dabou afin de mieux planifier les mesures de lutte contre le vecteur majeur des d’arbovirus. Des larves d'Aedes aegypti ont été échantillonnées en janvier 2018 dans des plantations immatures et matures d’hévéa, ainsi que dans les villages environnants aux plantations d’hévéa dans le département de Dabou. Des tests larvicides (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis et téméphos) et adulticides (chlorpyriphos-méthyl 0.8%, malathion 0,1% et Fenitrithion 0,1%, perméthrine 0,75%, deltaméthrine 0,05%, lambdacyahalothrine 0,05%) en tube sur les générations F1 ont été réalisés conformément aux directives de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Les 3743 larves d’Aedes aegypti testées ont été toutes sensibles aux deux larvicides avec des LC50 comprises entre 7.10-3 mg/L et 9.10-3 mg/L pour le Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis et entre 6,5.10-2 mg/L et 1,2.10-1 mg/L pour le téméphos. Les LC95 respectives étaient comprises entre 2,1.10-2 mg/L et 2,4.10-2 mg/L et entre 6,5.10-2 mg/L et 1,2.10-1 mg/L. Aussi, 2400 Aedes aegypti adultes testés ont été tous sensibles aux organophosphorés (chlorpyriphos-méthyl 0.8%, malathion 0,1% et fenitrithion 0,1%) avec des mortalités comprises entre 98% et 100% et aux pyréthrinoïdes (perméthrine 0,75%, deltaméthrine 0,05%, lambdacyahalothrine 0,05%) avec des mortalités de 100%. L’étude a montré que les populations immatures et adultes d’Aedes aegypti des plantations d’hévéa et les villages environnants de la zone d’étude étaient sensibles au Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, aux organophosphorés et aux pyréthrinoïdes. The expansion of rubber cultivation is leading to a strong modification of the environment in Côte d'Ivoire. As a result, several outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever caused by Aedes aegypti have recently been observed in Côte d'Ivoire. The insecticide susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti in these labourintensive mass farming areas is poorly known. This study established the susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti in the rubber growing areas of Dabou in order to better plan control measures against the major arbovirus vector. Aedes aegypti larvae were sampled in January 2018 in immature and mature rubber plantations, as well as in the villages surrounding the rubber plantations in the Dabou department. Larvicidal (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos) and adulticidal (chlorpyriphos-methyl 0.8%, malathion 0.1% and Fenitrithion 0.1%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyahalothrin 0.05%) tube tests on F1 generations were carried out in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. All 3743 Aedes aegypti larvae tested were sensitive to both larvicides with LC50 ranging from 7.10-3 mg/L to 9.10-3 mg/L for Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and from 6.5.10-2 mg/L to 1.2.10-1 mg/L for temephos. The respective LC95 were between 2.1.10-2 mg/L and 2.4.10-2 mg/L and between 6.5.10-2 mg/L and 1.2.10-1 mg/L. Also, 2400 adult Aedes aegypti tested were all sensitive to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-methyl 0.8%, malathion 0.1% and fenitrithion 0.1%) with mortalities between 98% and 100% and to pyrethroids (permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyahalothrin 0.05%) with mortalities of 100%. The study showed that immature and adult populations of Aedes aegypti in rubber plantations and surrounding villages in the study area were susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, organophosphates and pyrethroids

Itineraires Therapeutiques Pluriels Et Recours Tardif Des Malades De L’ulcere De Buruli Dans Les Centres De Prise En Charge Dans Le District Sanitaire De Yamoussoukro (Côte d’Ivoire)

Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It begins with a lump, swelling, skin plate and progresses to severe ulceration and disabling sequelae . For over a decade, it is a real public health problem in Côte d'Ivoire. The institutions responsible for the fight against this disease advocate for patients in endemic areas early case detection and immediate recourse to specialized care centers. Despite this recommendation, the therapeutic itinerary of patients is multimodal. This study aims to analyze the therapeutic itinerary plural sick of Buruli ulcer and to determine the factors that justify the paradoxes and contradictions between state recommendations and behaviors of patients. It took place in three support centers in the health district of yamoussoukro. In a qualitative approach, with observation checklists, interview guides, this study was conducted with 50 patients, 18 healers in the care center and 4 traditional healers. Patients rely successively, alternatively or additionally to the African medicine and care center. Traditional medicine is the first therapeutic choice for most patients. The proximity of traditional healer, cultural beliefs and representations related to the disease, the constraints of hospitalization, ignorance of the disease make account plural therapeutic itineraries sick of Buruli ulcer.The patients do not adhere to early detection and immediate access to health care centers. Free medical care for Buruli ulcer is fraught with difficulties because of patient behaviors. The hospital management does not consider the social environment of patients and the relationship between the disease and culture that influence the therapeutic itinerary of patients

Évaluation des dégâts de Analeptes trifasciata (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) sur les anacardiers dans les régions du Béré et de l’Iffou (Côte d’Ivoire)

Objectif : L’objectif de l’étude était d’évaluer les dégâts et de fournir une base de données relative à Analeptes trifasciata, ravageur de l’anacardierMéthodologie et résultats : Pour évaluer les dommages de Analeptes trifasciata, des prospections ont été menées dans des vergers d’anacarde des sous-préfectures de Bouandougou, Ouellé et Tiéningboué d’avril à mai 2015. Il ressort de ces prospections que les dégâts du Cerambycidae sont observés dans toutes les plantations visitées. Cet insecte occasionne d’importantes pertes de branches d’anacardiers allant de 1,20 ± 0,42 à 3,90 ± 1,20 avec des diamètres pouvant atteindre 16,60 ± 0,70 à 19,10 ± 0,87 cm. Le stade phénologique le plus sensible et attractif des anacardiers aux attaques du Cerambycidae est la floraison, coïncidant avec la fin de la saison des pluies. Les branches sectionnées par le ravageur sont éliminées par brûlage respectivement à 30%, 0% et 20% par les producteurs de Bouandougou, Ouellé et Tiéningboué.Conclusion et application : Il ressort de cette étude que Analeptes trifasciata cisaille les branches de l’anacardier à la floraison en début de saison sèche. On peut conseiller aux producteurs de toujours bruler les branches qu’ils entassent dans les plantations afin d’éliminer oeufs, larves et adultes du ravageur. Mais l’utilisation de la lutte mécanique consistant à tuer le ravageur à l’aide de machette ou d’une houe est aussi important et pour cela ils doivent parcourir quotidiennement les champs à la recherche du ravageur.Mots-clés : Anacarde, Analeptes trifasciata, Cerambycidae, dégâts, Côte d’Ivoir

Building the capacity of West African countries in Aedes surveillance: inaugural meeting of the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN)

Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been reported in 34 African countries. Available data indicate that in recent years there have been dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in the West Africa subregion, in countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Senegal, and Benin. These viral diseases are causing an increased public health burden, which impedes poverty reduction and sustainable development. Aedes surveillance and control capacity, which are key to reducing the prevalence of arboviral infections, need to be strengthened in West Africa, to provide information essential for the formulation of effective vector control strategies and the prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks. In line with these objectives, the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN) was created in 2017 at a meeting held in Sierra Leone comprising African scientists working on Aedes mosquitoes. This manuscript describes the proceedings and discusses key highlights of the meeting

Drivers of cocoa agroforestry adoption by smallholder farmers around the Taï National Park in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract The encroachment of agricultural expansion into protected areas has led to severe biodiversity loss. To promote sustainable agriculture practices and reverse the anthropogenic pressure, several initiatives such as the Cocoa and Forests Initiative (CFI) and the National Strategy for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), have been undertaken. This study examines the adoption of cocoa agroforestry by smallholder farmers in the vicinity of the Taï National Park (TNP) in Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire. A structured questionnaire was administered to 323 cocoa farmers to understand their practices and perceptions of cocoa agroforestry. Results showed that most farmers (95%) grow unimproved cocoa varieties with an average yield of 376 ± 36 kg ha−1 year−1. The majority of farmers (86%) use agroforestry practices in their farming systems, with pruning techniques being used by 82% and fertilizers applied by 27%. Additionally, 54% of farmers are adopting improved agroforestry practices or planting more trees in their cocoa plantations. Factors influencing cocoa agroforestry adoption include gender, the length of residency, the number of cultivated cash crops and the incidence of black pod attacks. These findings highlight the potential to leverage community knowledge in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and generate positive impacts. These results have important implications for future initiatives aiming to promote sustainable agriculture practices and biodiversity conservation in the region. By capitalizing on the adoption of agroforestry and leveraging socioeconomic factors, it is possible to enhance the conservation of the TNP and promote sustainable cocoa farming practices