Green Synthesis & Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antianxiety Agents

Benzimidazole is one of the most important heterocyclic compound, having varied biological activities and still of great scientific interest now a days. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with application in drug discovery. In the present study some novel benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized under green synthesis by solvent free conditions by using catalytic amount of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulphate according to the scheme. All the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their anti anxiety and neurotoxicity activities by elevated plus maze test in mice. Test compounds and diazepam was administered intraperitoneally in antianxiety study at dose of 2 mg/kg. Compounds BZ-6 & BZ-7 showed highest antianxiety activity compared to diazepam and did not show neurotoxicity in rotarod test. All the compounds exhibited moderate to significant antianxiety activity

Software Tool for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Shunt Var Compensators in Power Systems

This paper presents a MATLAB-based power system software tool, named as OPSVC for optimal placement and sizing of shunt Var compensators in both distribution and transmission systems. The OPSVC software incorporates the developed optimization algorithms and the backward/forward sweep ‎power flow and radial harmonic power flow methods in an open source environment. The capabilities of the OPSVC are that it can conduct several analyses, such as load flow, optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) using different optimization techniques and plotting voltage profile of the studied system before and after installing reactive power compensators

Design and Development of Surfactants Based Elastic Vesicular Drug Carrier System containing Antifungal Drug for Ophthalmic Disorder.

The work depicts utility of a novel; surfactants based elastic vesicular drug carrier system (SEVs), for targeting topically applied drug(s) to the posterior segment of the eye. The system comprised span 20 and an edge activator (tween 80). Terbinafine hydrochloride is a synthetic allylamine antifungal with a low molecular weight (327.89 Da.). It is hydrophilic in nature and has high protein binding and a limiting solubilityis expected to show a poor transport across the cornea; hence no ocular formulations are available. It is used to treat ocular mycoses, the second most usual drive of blindness in developing countries. However, its administered poor patient compliance and limited use due to its variable half-life. Therefore, Terbinafine hydrochloride was comprised into a novel sorbitan (spans) based elastic (SEVs) vesicular system with intent to achieve a prolonged and better effect. It was found to be safe in terms of dermal and eye irritation/corrosion tests according to OECD guidelines. Safety was a crucial issue considering that the system is novel (Indian Patent Application 2390/DEL/2008; 1447/DEL/2010) and is completely surfactant based (spans plus edge activators) formulation

3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid biodegradation by the Edwardsiella tarda: Effect of Some Growth Conditions

The biodegradation of 3,4-DiChlorobenzoic acid was investigated by using Edwardsiella tarda and it used 3,4-DCBA as sole carbon and energy source. Several concentrations of 3,4-D CBAs (1mM, 2mM ,3mM ,4mM and 5mM) were used. The highest rate of degradation of 3,4-D CBAs was obtained at a concentration (2mM). The experiments were included substrate concentration, temperature, pH, starvation, adaptation, carbon and nitrogen sources. The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on that substrate. The optimal temperature and pH for the bacteria were 42ºC and 7.5, respectively. Adaptation of the cells on 3,4-DCBA for 48 hours and cells starvation for 24 hours and 48 hours increasing the initial degradation rate. The carbon sources affected the 3,4 –DCBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources supplied (yeast extract, L-proline, casein, NH4, K-Nitrate, arginine, urea and glycine). Urea and casine caused a repression in 3,4-DCBA degradation. Catechol 1,2 dioxygenase activity was found to be present in cell free extracts suggesting that 3,4-DCBA is catabolized by ortho-ring cleavage pathway

Profitability Analysis of Women in Cassava Enterprises in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria.

The study was carried out to analyse the profitability of women in cassava enterprises in Ogbomoso agricultural zone of Oyo- State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were meant to describe the socio-economic characteristics of women, evaluate the costs and returns for cassava tubers and cassava products, estimate the profitability ratio and identify the problems encountered by women in cassava production and processing. A multistage sampling method was used to select samples from Oriire, Ogo-Oluwa and Surulere Local Government Areas in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone and the sample size was one hundred and sixty respondents. Structured questionnaire were used to elicit information from the selected respondents and it was structured in line with the objectives of the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary and profitability ratio techniques. Average total cost of producing cassava tubers and processing cassava tubers were N57,697.50k per hectare and  N599,929.70k per month respectively. Average total cost for combining production and processing of cassava tubers was N1,500, N650.00k per annum. The net returns for women cassava producers and those women that combined cassava production and processing were N221,052.00k and N7,289,950.00k per annum respectively. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) for the women cassava producers, processors and those women that combined production and processing were 4.83,1.08 and 5.86 respectively. These showed that the enterprises were profitable.  The combination of cassava production and processing by women was found to be most profitable

Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Salvadora persica extracts

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are founded in many health diseases and often generated from biological reactions or external factors. Natural antioxidant based on the prevention or treatment of complicated diseases has attracted an important deal of research interest. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays for evaluation of Salvadora persica (SP) in vitro antioxidant analysis of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of roots were determined. It was found that the aqueous water gave the highest total extract yield followed by ethanol and methanol. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of different phytochemicals in water, methanol and ethanol extracts. Aqueous extract dispalayed the largest total phenolic contents followed by ethanolic and methanolic extracts while methanolic extract showed the higher flavonoids content than the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging method revealed that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts have good scavenging ability compared to gallic acid which used as positive control. there were strong negative significant correlations between hydrogen scavenging and phenolic contents (-0.369), but not with the contents of flavonoids. Also, the results revealed that there was a strong negative correlation between flavonoids and total phenolics. The results clearly indicate that root aqueous extract of Salvadora persica is having effective antioxidant activity. &nbsp

COVID-19: An Emerging Rapidly Evolving Situation

Coronaviruses are large group of enveloped viruses with unsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA as genetic material. These are collection related RNA viruses that cause diseases of economically important vertebrate viz. mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from asymptomatic to life threatening. The asymptomatic disease include very similar to some cases of the common cold, while other deadly varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic origin and extremely pathogenic coronaviruses that can cause localized and worldwide outbreak. The novel Coronaviruses, COVID-19 posses a unique morphology. The outer surface of the virus bearing surface spike and reveled like crown hence being named corona virus. The mode of replication of the virus is very unique as it replicate through the generation of nested set of viral mRNA. The HCoV (Human coronavirus) cause respiratory complication with asymptomatic to life threatening outcomes. From the past 15 years we have witnessed appearance of two zoonotic, extremely pathogenic human corona viruses the:  SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV

The Powerful Healing Effect of Traditional Medicine for The Treatment of Certain Chronic Diseases: One of The Means To Better Defeat Covid-19

Health is one of the greatest blessings a person can have, and it is priceless. Traditional medicine has always been and remains an important practice for human health. In all regions of the world, popular knowledge has acquired its own experiences in traditional medicine which are passed on from generation to generation and which have generated wonders in terms of innovation of effective traditional remedies which bear the fruit of the healing. After the release of the novel Covid-19 virus, several research studies have focused on the study of medicinal plants that fall under traditional Chinese or Indian medicine or others around the world, to try to put in place remedies against this virus. Chronic Diseases kill millions of people around the world every year. These diseases cause a weakening of the immune system in people who have them. As a result, health experts have classified those affected by these diseases as being among the most at risk in the event of contracting Covid-19. It is therefore obvious that preventing and combating chronic diseases helps to better cope with this Virus or others that may arise in the future. In this humble work, we have tried to make a small contribution that could help fight Covid-19. In the light of actual practices supported by bibliographic research, we try to recall some orientations of natural treatments against certain widespread chronic diseases namely: type 2 diabetes; arthritis and weak immune system (particular case of a low white blood cell count). The results of these treatments are very promising for healing and recovery; which opens doors of hope for those who are affected. Moreover, this subject deserves serious investigations through Research for a better consolidation of these therapies

Patients Satisfaction regarding Quality of Nursing Care in the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics in Amman, 2013

It is important for any health system to provide high quality health Nursing services and respond to the needs of service users. The aims of this study is to study patients' satisfaction regarding the quality of nursing care of the center, to identify the main dimensions of patients' satisfaction regarding quality of nursing care. And determine the association between sociodemographic variables and patients' satisfaction regarding quality of the nursing care. This study was conducted during the period from1st December 2013 to 1st may 2014. The design of this study is Descriptive cross-sectional facility based study. The study sample 305 patients, who were selected randomly, all of them actually participated in the study and completed face to face interviewed questionnaire prepared according to Likert scale and data was analyzed by SPSS. Participants were moderately satisfied with the quality of nursing care in the National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics. The total mean was (3.09), with higher satisfaction levels in the General impressions (M = 3.83) than in Communication, interaction and reaction (M = 2.57). Patients from both settings were less satisfied with the Accessibility of services (M = 2.89). Age, sex, marital status, level of education, income, and the diagnosis show statistically significant effects on patients' level of satisfaction. On the other hand duration of diabetes, and current occupation did not show statistically significant effects on patients' level of satisfaction. The present study concluded that reforming community health nursing care policies to place more attention on increasing the level of communication and the interpersonal aspects of the provided care could probably increase their satisfaction. And the geographical redistribution of community diabetes health center to enable the patient's easy access to nursing services in all Jordan regions, increase number of home visits, for the patients' nursing team need to improve communication, interaction skills of nursing care staff and in formats. Nursing team needed training for nurses on communication skills and interaction with patients and their families

Schiff bases and schiff base metal complexes: from syntheses to applications

The synthesis and applications of Schiff bases and their metal complexes have attracted much interest and concern in all aspects of chemistry and related fields such as biology and physics. As versatile ligands, Schiff bases are formed when carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) are condensed with amines. Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been used in quantitative analysis, photometric analysis, flourometry, as potentiometric sensors, in solvent extraction, as solid phase extraction sorbent, in high performance liquid chromatography, in antimicrobial studies, as plant growth regulators, as insecticides, as catalyst, in antifertility and enzymatic activity, as dyes, polymer and other miscellaneous applications. There are limited papers on the applications of Schiff bases and their metal complexes. This review summarizes the preparation of Schiff bases as donors and stabilizers of metals in high oxidation state and their applications