Variabilité Climatique Et Changements Dans L’environnement À Korhogo En Côte D’ivoire : Mythes Ou Réalité ?

Climate change which is considered as a threat to biodiversity, causes paradoxical situations everywhere it manifests itself. These include, among others, drought and desertification; floods and storms; sea level rise, reduction of the vegetation cover; water supply sources and, animal and plant species disappearance. In Korhogo, in the North of Côte d’Ivoire, the climate variability and environmental change phenomena are perceived and described by the population. A qualitative approach with historical and comparative analysis tools are used in this study to focus on the perceptions of the populations through indicators of both climate variability and environmental changes. It also analyses the major challenges the population will face, which are mainly related to alteration in farming practices and seasons, loss of production, and extension of the lean period, the risk of food insecurity and conflicts related to the exploitation and the distribution of water resources; and mostly, to the lack of information- educationcommunication on the phenomenon. On the whole, although the study brings out an awareness about climate variability and environmental changes, it especially show the need for emergent multidimensional actions for effective response strategies to the changes observed in the area

Analyse de la situation de l’environnement sanitaire des quartiers défavorisés dans le tissu urbain de Yopougon a Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

La combinaison, d’informations multi-sources (image QUICKBIRD, données exogènes, résultats d’enquêtes socio-environnementales) dans un système d’information géographique (SIG), a permis d’analyser l'environnement sanitaire de 6 quartiers précaires situés le long d'un canal d'évacuation des eaux à Yopougon, (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). L’analyse et la cartographie des principaux facteurs relatifs à la qualité de vie des populations, permettent de constituer un observatoire de l’environnement sanitaire de ces milieux défavorisés. La finesse spatiale de l’image QUICKBIRD a contribuée à la mise à jour de la carte du mode d’occupation du sol. L’analyse des différents facteurs caractérisant l’environnement sanitaire révèle de nombreuses insuffisances dans le système de gestion de l’assainissement des quartiers précaires, exposant ainsi les populations aux maladies liées à l’assainissement telles que le paludisme et la diarrhée. Les résultats permettront de planifier et de valider les mesures à prendre pour remédier aux déficits d’assainissement dans ces milieux précaires.The integration into a Geographical information system (GIS) of multi-source data from QUICKBIRD imagery, ancilliary data and the results from socio-environmental investigations alowed to analyse the sanitary environment of 6 precarious settlements located along an open and exposed drainage channel, in Yopougon (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). The observatory of the sanitary environment of these deprivileged areas were conducted through analysis and mapping of main factors influencing the life quality of the populations. The spatial sharpness of QUICKBIRD imagery contributed to update the land use/land cover map. Analysis of various factors witch characterise the sanitary environment reveals many insufficiences as regards the management of the sanitation system of the settlements, thus exposing the populations to illness related to sanitation like malaria and diarrhoea. The findings will permit planing appropriate measurements to overcome sanitation problems in these précarious areas

L’étalement urbain au péril des activités agro-pastorales à Abidjan

L’urbanisation rapide, pose des défis de logement et d’alimentation à la communauté internationale dans son ensemble et particulièrement aux pays en voie de développement. A Abidjan en Côte d’Ivoire, le développement de la commune de Yopougon et la croissance démographique de près de 4 %, entrainent une importante pression sur les terres agricoles urbaines et périurbaines. La présente étude met en évidence l’influence de cet étalement urbain sur les activités agro-pastorales à Yopougon. Une démarche cartographique, suivie d’une démarche socio-anthropologique a été adoptée. Des entretiens avec questionnaires ont été effectués avec 93 agriculteurs. Cette étude montre que les activités agricoles se déroulent sur trois principaux sites : Lokoa, Béago et Azito. Entre 2004 et 2007, les sites agricoles ont connu une réduction d’environ 41 % de leurs superficies du fait de la croissance urbaine. La variation totale de superficie due aux constructions est de 40 % à Azito, 18 % à Lokoa et 8 % à Béago. Des parcs à bétails ont changé de position géographique et se retrouvent en bordure de lagune. L’étude montre également que 94 % des agriculteurs du site vivent principalement de l’agriculture urbaine et que l’insécurité foncière reste leur principale préoccupation. L’étalement spatial de la commune de Yopougon, contribue à une forte réduction des superficies agricoles rendant ainsi vulnérable les familles impliquées dans les activités agricoles comme principales sources de revenus.Rapid urbanization leads to challenges in housing and food access for all the international community and particularly in developing countries. In Abidjan, the developments of Yopougon municipality and population increase have caused significant pressure on agricultural lands and represent a danger for agriculture in the surrounding villages. The present study aims at highlighting the influence of urban spread on agro-pastoral activities in the district of Yopougon. A cartographic approach and a socio anthropologic approach were used. Observations and individual interviews were made with 93 agricultural actors. Agricultural activities were observed on three principal sites : Lokoa, Béago and Azito. Between 2004 and 2007, approximately 41 % of the agricultural surface was occupied by settlements. Total variation of surface due to settlements was 40 % at Azito, 18 % at Lokoa and 8 % at Béago. Some pastoral and cattle parks were joined by the city and were moved to other geographical positions. For 94 % of agricultural actors in the studied site, agriculture was the principal source of income and land insecurity remained the principal concern of the farmers. The urban sprawl of the municipality of Yopougon contributes to a strong reduction of agricultural surface. It makes agricultural actors vulnerable as it is their only source of income

Protocol of an individual participant data meta-analysis to quantify the impact of high ambient temperatures on maternal and child health in Africa (HE 2 AT IPD)

Introduction: Globally, recognition is growing of the harmful impacts of high ambient temperatures (heat) on health in pregnant women and children. There remain, however, major evidence gaps on the extent to which heat increases the risks for adverse health outcomes, and how this varies between settings. Evidence gaps are especially large in Africa. We will conduct an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of heat on maternal and child health in sub-Saharan Africa. A detailed understanding and quantification of linkages between heat, and maternal and child health is essential for developing solutions to this critical research and policy area. Methods and analysis: We will use IPD from existing, large, longitudinal trial and cohort studies, on pregnant women and children from sub-Saharan Africa. We will systematically identify eligible studies through a mapping review, searching data repositories, and suggestions from experts. IPD will be acquired from data repositories, or through collaboration with data providers. Existing satellite imagery, climate reanalysis data, and station-based weather observations will be used to quantify weather and environmental exposures. IPD will be recoded and harmonised before being linked with climate, environmental, and socioeconomic data by location and time. Adopting a one-stage and two-stage meta-analysis method, analytical models such as time-to-event analysis, generalised additive models, and machine learning approaches will be employed to quantify associations between exposure to heat and adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by ethics committees. There is minimal risk to study participants. Participant privacy is protected through the anonymisation of data for analysis, secure data transfer and restricted access. Findings will be disseminated through conferences, journal publications, related policy and research fora, and data may be shared in accordance with data sharing policies of the National Institutes of Health. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022346068

Socio-environmental factors associated with the risk of contracting Buruli ulcer in Tiassalé, South Côte d'Ivoire : a case-control study

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a cutaneous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The exact mode of transmission remains elusive; yet, some studies identified environmental, socio-sanitary, and behavioral risk factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of such factors to contracting BU in Tiassalé, south Côte d'Ivoire.; A case-control study was conducted in 2012. Cases were BU patients diagnosed according to clinical definition put forth by the World Health Organization, readily confirmed by IS2404 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis prior to our study and recruited at one of the health centers of the district. Two controls were matched for each control, by age group (to the nearest 5 years), sex, and living community. Participants were interviewed after providing oral witnessed consent, assessing behavioral, environmental, and socio-sanitary factors.; A total of 51 incident and prevalent cases and 102 controls were enrolled. Sex ratio (male:female) was 0.9. Median age was 25 years (range: 5-70 years). Regular contact with unprotected surface water (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1-19.7) and absence of protective equipment during agricultural activities (aOR = 18.5, 95% CI = 5.2-66.7) were identified as the main factors associated with the risk of contracting BU. Etiologic fractions among exposed to both factors were 84.9% and 94.6%, respectively. Good knowledge about the risks that may result in BU (aOR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.8) and perception about the disease causes (aOR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02-0.3) showed protection against BU with a respective preventive fraction of 70% and 90%.; Main risk factors identified in this study were the contact with unprotected water bodies through daily activities and the absence of protective equipment during agricultural activities. An effective strategy to reduce the incidence of BU should involve compliance with protective equipment during agricultural activities and avoidance of contact with surface water and community capacity building through training and sensitization

Analyse de la situation de l’environnement sanitaire des quartiers défavorisés dans le tissu urbain de Yopougon a Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

La combinaison, d’informations multi-sources (image QUICKBIRD, données exogènes, résultats d’enquêtes socio-environnementales) dans un système d’information géographique (SIG), a permis d’analyser l'environnement sanitaire de 6 quartiers précaires situés le long d'un canal d'évacuation des eaux à Yopougon, (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). L’analyse et la cartographie des principaux facteurs relatifs à la qualité de vie des populations, permettent de constituer un observatoire de l’environnement sanitaire de ces milieux défavorisés. La finesse spatiale de l’image QUICKBIRD a contribuée à la mise à jour de la carte du mode d’occupation du sol. L’analyse des différents facteurs caractérisant l’environnement sanitaire révèle de nombreuses insuffisances dans le système de gestion de l’assainissement des quartiers précaires, exposant ainsi les populations aux maladies liées à l’assainissement telles que le paludisme et la diarrhée. Les résultats permettront de planifier et de valider les mesures à prendre pour remédier aux déficits d’assainissement dans ces milieux précaires.The integration into a Geographical information system (GIS) of multi-source data from QUICKBIRD imagery, ancilliary data and the results from socio-environmental investigations allowed to analyse the sanitary environment of 6 precarious settlements located along an open and exposed drainage channel, in Yopougon (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). The observatory of the sanitary environment of these deprivileged areas were conducted through analysis and mapping of main factors influencing the life quality of the populations. The spatial sharpness of QUICKBIRD imagery contributed to update the land use/land cover map. Analysis of various factors witch characterise the sanitary environment reveals many insufficiences as regards the management of the sanitation system of the settlements, thus exposing the populations to illness related to sanitation like malaria and diarrhoea. The findings will permit planing appropriate measurements to overcome sanitation problems in these precarious areas

Analyse de la situation de l’environnement sanitaire des quartiers défavorisés dans le tissu urbain de Yopougon a Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

The integration into a Geographical information system (GIS) of multi-source data from QUICKBIRD imagery, ancilliary data and the results from socio-environmental investigations allowed to analyse the sanitary environment of 6 precarious settlements located along an open and exposed drainage channel, in Yopougon (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). The observatory of the sanitary environment of these deprivileged areas were conducted through analysis and mapping of main factors influencing the life quality of the populations. The spatial sharpness of QUICKBIRD imagery contributed to update the land use/land cover map. Analysis of various factors witch characterise the sanitary environment reveals many insufficiences as regards the management of the sanitation system of the settlements, thus exposing the populations to illness related to sanitation like malaria and diarrhoea. The findings will permit planing appropriate measurements to overcome sanitation problems in these precarious areas