Lithiation of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) using lithium-fortified substrate: Effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and on other trace elements

High doses of lithium salts are used for the treatment or prevention of episodes of mania in bipolar disorder, but the medication is rapidly excreted and also shows side effects. Li may also be beneficial in people with mood disorders. Nutritionally, popular foods such as wild and cultivated mushrooms have low Li contents. This study evaluated the Li enrichment of white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using Li2CO3 solutions to fortify the commercial growing substrate at various concentrations from 1.0 to 500 mg kg−1 dry weight (dw). Fortification of up to 100 mg kg−1 dw resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in the accumulation of Li in mushroom, but the highest fortification level was found to be detrimental to fruitification. The median values of Li in fortified mushrooms corresponded to the fortification levels, increasing from 0.49 to 17 mg kg−1 dw relative to the background concentration of 0.056 mg kg−1 dw (control substrate contained 0.10 mg kg−1 dw). The potential for Li uptake in fruiting bodies was found to decrease at higher levels of fortification, with saturation occurring at 100 mg kg−1. Resulting lithiated mushrooms were up to 300-fold richer in Li content than specimens grown on control substrate. The fortification showed some effects on the uptake of other trace minerals, but concentrations of co-accumulated Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn were similar or lower than values reported in the literature for commercial A. bisporus. These lithiated mushrooms could be considered as a pro-medicinal alternative to treatments that use Li salts

The use of Li2O fortifed growing compost to enhance lithiation in white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: Li uptake and co‑accumulation of other trace elements

In an attempt to enrich the fruiting bodies with Lithium (Li), this study cultivated mushrooms using growing sets that were fortified with Li2O at 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mg·kg−1 dw. Compost fortification up to 100 mg·kg−1 dw induced a dose dependent increase in Li accumulation with resulting median mushroom concentrations of 2.0, 8.6, 16, 29 and 38 mg·kg−1dw, respectively, relative to the unfortified control at 0.087 mg·kg−1 dw. The dose dependency appears to level off as Li2O addition approaches 100 mg·kg−1, suggesting that there is a limit to the ability of the species to accumulate/tolerate Li. Mushrooms did not grow at the 500 mg·kg−1 dw fortification level. At the highest viable level of fortification (100 mg·kg−1 dw), the fruiting bodies were around 440-fold richer in Li content than the control mushrooms. Additionally, the fortification at all levels up to 100 mg·kg−1 dw showed very low, if any, effect on the co-accumulation of the other, studied trace mineral constituents, with concentrations occurring at the lower range of those reported for commercial A. bisporus mushrooms

Speciation analysis of arsenic in water using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Wydział Chemii: Pracownia Analizy Spektroskopowej PierwiastkówNiniejsza rozprawa doktorska zawiera systematyczne studium różnych aspektów dotyczących oznaczania arsenu ogólnego oraz jego pięciu form specjacyjnych: As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA i AsB. Do ich oznaczania wykorzystano zaawansowaną technikę analityczną - wysokosprawną chromatografię cieczową ze spektrometrią mas z jonizacją w indukowanej plazmie. Opracowanie wiarygodnych procedur analitycznych umożliwiających oznaczanie form chemicznych arsenu na poziome 1 µg L-1 i poniżej jest bardzo ważnym i aktualnym zadaniem analitycznym. Przygotowanie takich procedur dla laboratoriów pomiarowych umożliwi tworzenie odpowiednich uregulowań prawnych. Ważne jest aby laboratoria dysponowały zwalidowanymi metodami analitycznymi, aby mogły zapewnić spójność pomiarową otrzymanego wyniku oraz dysponowały metodami, w których niepewność pomiaru będzie niewielka.W części eksperymentalnej wykonano optymalizację pracy detektora ICP-MS i opracowano cztery procedury analityczne rozdzielania i oznaczania form specjacyjnych arsenu: (1) As(III) i As(V), (2) MMA i DMA, (3) As(III), As(V), MMA i DMA, (4) As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA i As(V). Zarówno w przypadku arsenu ogólnego, jak i form specjacyjnych tego pierwiastka, wykonano szczegółową walidację, opracowano budżet niepewności, wskazano źródła niepewności oraz wyznaczono rozszerzoną niepewność wyniku pomiaru.This study provides a systematic study of various aspects of the determination of total arsenic and its five species: As (III), As (V), MMA, DMA and AsB. The advanced analytical technique - high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for performing analysis. The development of reliable analytical procedures to enable the determination of chemical forms of arsenic at a level 1 μg L-1 and below is very important and current analytical task. Preparation of such procedures for laboratories will enable the establishment of adequate regulation. It is important that laboratories had validated analytical methods in order to establish traceability and evaluate uncertainty budget. The experimental part of the work consisted of: optimization of the ICP-MS detector and development of four analytical procedures for separation and determination of arsenic species: (1) As (III) and As (V), (2) MMA and DMA, (3) As (III) As (V), MMA and DMA, (4) As (III), As (V), MMA, DMA and As (V). For both, the total arsenic and its species, a detailed validation, evaluation of uncertainty budget with identification of the sources of uncertainty was performed

Speciation analysis of arsenic in water using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Wydział Chemii: Pracownia Analizy Spektroskopowej PierwiastkówNiniejsza rozprawa doktorska zawiera systematyczne studium różnych aspektów dotyczących oznaczania arsenu ogólnego oraz jego pięciu form specjacyjnych: As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA i AsB. Do ich oznaczania wykorzystano zaawansowaną technikę analityczną - wysokosprawną chromatografię cieczową ze spektrometrią mas z jonizacją w indukowanej plazmie. Opracowanie wiarygodnych procedur analitycznych umożliwiających oznaczanie form chemicznych arsenu na poziome 1 µg L-1 i poniżej jest bardzo ważnym i aktualnym zadaniem analitycznym. Przygotowanie takich procedur dla laboratoriów pomiarowych umożliwi tworzenie odpowiednich uregulowań prawnych. Ważne jest aby laboratoria dysponowały zwalidowanymi metodami analitycznymi, aby mogły zapewnić spójność pomiarową otrzymanego wyniku oraz dysponowały metodami, w których niepewność pomiaru będzie niewielka.W części eksperymentalnej wykonano optymalizację pracy detektora ICP-MS i opracowano cztery procedury analityczne rozdzielania i oznaczania form specjacyjnych arsenu: (1) As(III) i As(V), (2) MMA i DMA, (3) As(III), As(V), MMA i DMA, (4) As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA i As(V). Zarówno w przypadku arsenu ogólnego, jak i form specjacyjnych tego pierwiastka, wykonano szczegółową walidację, opracowano budżet niepewności, wskazano źródła niepewności oraz wyznaczono rozszerzoną niepewność wyniku pomiaru.This study provides a systematic study of various aspects of the determination of total arsenic and its five species: As (III), As (V), MMA, DMA and AsB. The advanced analytical technique - high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for performing analysis. The development of reliable analytical procedures to enable the determination of chemical forms of arsenic at a level 1 μg L-1 and below is very important and current analytical task. Preparation of such procedures for laboratories will enable the establishment of adequate regulation. It is important that laboratories had validated analytical methods in order to establish traceability and evaluate uncertainty budget. The experimental part of the work consisted of: optimization of the ICP-MS detector and development of four analytical procedures for separation and determination of arsenic species: (1) As (III) and As (V), (2) MMA and DMA, (3) As (III) As (V), MMA and DMA, (4) As (III), As (V), MMA, DMA and As (V). For both, the total arsenic and its species, a detailed validation, evaluation of uncertainty budget with identification of the sources of uncertainty was performed

Total Arsenic and Arsenic Species Determination in Freshwater Fish by ICP-DRC-MS and HPLC/ICP-DRC-MS Techniques

Analytical methods for the determination of total arsenic (TAs) and arsenic species (arsenite&#8212;As(III), arsenate&#8212;As(V), monomethylarsenic acid&#8212;MMA, dimethylarsenic acid&#8212;DMA and arsenobetaine&#8212;AsB) in freshwater fish samples were developed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with dynamic reaction cell (ICP-DRC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to ICP-DRC-MS were used for TAs and arsenic species determination, respectively. The DRC with oxygen as a reaction gas was used. Sample preparation, digestion, and extraction were optimized. Microwave assisted digestion and extraction provided good recovery and extraction efficiency. Arsenic species were fully separated in 8 min using 10 mmol L&#8722;1 of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 mmol L&#8722;1 of ammonium nitrate. Overlapping of AsB and As(III) of arsenic species in the presence of a high concentration of AsB and trace amounts of As(III) were studied. Detailed validation of analytical procedures proved the reliability of analytical measurements. Both procedures were characterized by short-term and long-term precision: 2.2% (TAs) up to 4.2% (AsB), and 3.6% (TAs) up to 7.2% (DMA), respectively. Limits of detection (LD) were in the range from 0.056 &#181;g L&#8722;1 for TAs to 0.15 &#181;g L&#8722;1 for As(V). Obtained recoveries were in the range of 85%&#8315;116%. Developed methods were applied to freshwater fish samples analysis

Enhancing the lithium content of white button mushrooms Agaricus bisporus using LiNO3 fortified compost: effects on the uptake of Li and other trace elements

Attempts to bio-enrich fungal biomass with essential trace elements to produce dietary supplements have some tradition and an example is selenium. Lithium salts have medical applications, but safer forms are sought and lithiated foods and food supplements may be an alternative. This study evaluated the lithiation of white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using commercial compost fortified with LiNO3 and investigated the effects on co-accumulation of trace elements. The fortifications at levels of 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50 and 100 mg kg−1 dw, resulted in corresponding median increases in mushroom Li concentrations of 0.74, 5.0, 7.4, 19 and 21 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, relative to 0.031 mg kg−1 dw in control mushrooms. The bio-concentration potential for Li uptake decreased at higher levels of fortification, with saturation occurring at 100 mg kg−1, and at the level of 500 mg kg−1 the mycelium failed to produce mushrooms. The compost fortification resulted in up to several hundred-fold enrichment of mushrooms compared to those grown on control compost, underlining their potential for therapeutic use. At higher fortification levels, some effects were seen on the co-accumulation of other elements, such as Ag (stems), As, Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg (stems), Mn, Rb, Sr, U (stems) and Zn; 0.05 0.05)

Lithiation of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using compost fortified with LiOH: Effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and co-accumulation of other trace elements

This study investigated the lithiation of white Agaricus bisporus (common button) mushrooms using compost fortified with LiOH solutions at concentrations from 1 to 500 mg kg-1 compost dw. Apart from the highest level of fortification, the median Li concentrations in the cultivated mushrooms were elevated from 0.74 to 21 mg kg-1 dw (corresponding to compost fortification from 1.0 to 100 mg LiOH, kg-1 dw), relative to control mushrooms at 0.031 mg kg-1 dw. The bio-concentration potential for Li uptake in fruiting bodies was found to decrease at higher levels of fortification e.g. 50 - 100 mg kg-1 dw, and at the highest level - 500 mg kg-1, the mycelium failed to produce mushrooms. The fortification of the compost with LiOH appears to have had little, if any, effect on the co-accumulation of other elements such as Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn in the fruiting bodies, which generally occurred at the lower range of the results reported in the literature for cultivated A. bisporus. Thus compost fortification with LiOH provides an effective means of lithiating A. bisporus for potential pro-therapeutic use

Rhizoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil with Two Rapeseed Varieties and Petroleum degraders Reveals Different Responses of the Plant Defense Mechanisms

<div><p>Plant-assisted bioremediation (rhizoremediation) stands out as a potential tool to inactivate or completely remove xenobiotics from the polluted environment. Therefore, it is of key importance to find an adequate combination of plant species and microorganisms that together enhance the clean-up process. To understand the response of plants upon bioaugmentation, the antioxidative and detoxification system was analyzed in high and low erucic acid rapeseed varieties (HEAR and LEAR, respectively), after 8 weeks of their treatment with petroleum degraders and 6000 mg diesel oil/kg dry soil. The oxidative stress was enhanced in LEAR being exposed to sole diesel oil, in comparison with HEAR. However, when LEAR plants were additionally inoculated with bacteria, suppression of total catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were observed. Interestingly, glutathione transferase (GST) activity was found in these plants at a much higher level than in HEAR, which correlated with a more efficient diesel removal performed by LEAR in the polluted soil and upon bioaugmentation. A distinct profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was detected in leaves of these plants. Neither LEAR nor HEAR experienced any changes in the photosynthetic capacity upon diesel pollution and presence of petroleum degraders, which supports the usefulness of rhizoremediation with rapeseed.</p> </div