Motivation as a key element of psychological potential for entrepreneurial activities among the retired military personnel

The article considers with the problem of diagnosing the motivation of military personnel leaving the reserve, in order to assess their psychological potential for entrepreneurial activity. The currently known approaches to assessing the psychological potential of entrepreneurial activity are analysed. The necessity of identifying diagnostics of motivation as a key element for predicting the success of a serviceman who is transferred to the reserve in creating his own business is noted. Based on the analysis of the research results obtained during the implementation of the national project “Small Business Course” for military personnel and members of their families, the most significant motivators for two types of entrepreneurs were identified: innovators (capable of generating new ideas and modifying them from a business plan) and imitators ( who prefer to distribute previously developed technologies)

Study of the conditional flexibility effect of compressed chord on the overall stability of corrugated beams

In this paper, the calculation of cut corrugated beams loaded with uniformly distributed load in the plane of the wall, with a wall height of 333 and 500 mm (54 sizes), chord width from 160 to 400 mm and chord thickness from 6 to 30 mm for general stability in accordance with Building Codes (BC) 294.1325800.2017 is made. A geometric criterion has been defined which defines the boundaries of the load-carrying capacity of Russian corrugated beams between the flat bending form stability and the strength of the normal section under the action of the bending moment in the plane of the wall

Engineering methodology for calculation of corrugated beams for bending and torsion. Flat bend form stability

An engineering design procedure for calculating bending with torsion in corrugated beams, including finding the critical load of general stability, implemented in the commonly used MS Excel spreadsheet and verified in the LIRA-SAPR software package, has been proposed. The method makes it possible to take into account the beams section variability and corrugation parameters, to estimate the loading eccentricity effect, availability of supporting ribs and reinforcements of the compressed chord from the bending plane. Calculation results of particular design solutions for corrugated beams with definition of critical loads at transverse bending are given. Results of test calculation of a bent channel beam with calculation of stress-strain state parameters and its verification with the LIRA-SAP software package are given

Silver-doped Calcium Phosphate bone cements with antibacterial properties

Calcium phosphate bone cements (CPCs) with antibacterial properties are demanded for clinical applications. In this study, we demonstrated the use of a relatively simple processing route based on preparation of silver-doped CPCs (CPCs-Ag) through the preparation of solid dispersed active powder phase. Real-time monitoring of structural transformations and kinetics of several CPCs-Ag formulations (Ag = 0 wt %, 0.6 wt % and 1.0 wt %) was performed by the Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction technique. The partial conversion of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phase into the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) took place in all the investigated cement systems. In the pristine cement powders, Ag in its metallic form was found, whereas for CPC-Ag 0.6 wt % and CPC-Ag 1.0 wt % cements, CaAg(PO₃)₃ was detected and Ag (met.) was no longer present. The CPC-Ag 0 wt % cement exhibited a compressive strength of 6.5 ± 1.0 MPa, whereas for the doped cements (CPC-Ag 0.6 wt % and CPC-Ag 1.0 wt %) the reduced values of the compressive strength 4.0 ± 1.0 and 1.5 ± 1.0 MPa, respectively, were detected. Silver-ion release from CPC-Ag 0.6 wt % and CPC-Ag 1.0 wt % cements, measured by the Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, corresponds to the average values of 25 µg/L and 43 µg/L, respectively, rising a plateau after 15 days. The results of the antibacterial test proved the inhibitory effect towards pathogenic Escherichia coli for both CPC-Ag 0.6 wt % and CPC-Ag 1.0 wt % cements, better performances being observed for the cement with a higher Ag-content

Magnetoresistance Features at the Magnetic Field-Induced Phase Transition in FeRh Thin Films

The causes of the appearance of first-order magnetic phase transitions remain a mystery. FeRh alloy is a classical material where a first-order magnetic phase transition occurs. The authors of this article studied the phase transition from the antiferromagnetic state to the ferromagnetic state in FeRh alloy. Comparison of the magnetometry and transport properties results allowed us to determine a number of differences in the mechanisms of the phase evolution during magnetic field and temperature induced transition. This article notes the priority of the rearrangement of the micromagnetic structure of the ferromagnetic phase as a result of the induction of a phase transition by a magnetic field. The main feature of the magnetic field induced phase transition compared to the temperature induced one is the change in the micromagnetic structure of the ferromagnetic phase. The growth of a ferromagnetic phase with less scattering fields leads to asymmetric behavior when a phase transition is induced near the metastable state. We also focused on the importance of taking into account the effect of magnetostriction when analyzing the evolution of the phase transition, which leads to the irreversibility of the phase transition near a zero magnetic field

Organizational Model of Universities in the USSR (1975-1985): Inertia or Innovation?

The article discusses an important problem of the organizational component in the functioning of universities. Along with the role of the social factor in the activities of universities, management models are attracting more and more attention of researchers. However, historians have studied this problem very little. While abroad, at least 3 models of “management” in universities are being actively developed. The Soviet experience is also of theoretical and practical interest for further reforming the higher education system.В статье рассматривается важная проблема организационной составляющей в функционировании вузов. Наряду с ролью социального фактора в деятельности вузов, управленческие модели привлекают все большее внимание исследователей. Однако историки очень мало изучают эту проблему, в то время как за рубежом активно разрабатываются по крайней мере 3 модели «управления» в университетах. Советский опыт также представляет теоретический и практический интерес для дальнейшего реформирования системы высшего образования

Study of thermal effects of silicate-containing hydroxyapatites

The possibility of modifications of hydroxyapatite silicate ions, from the extracellular fluid prototype solution under near-physiological conditions has been studied. Formation of silicon-structured hydroxyapatite with different extent of substitution of phosphate groups in the silicate group has been established through chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses, FTIR spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The results obtained are in agreement and suggest the possibility of substitution of phosphate groups for silicate groups in the hydroxyapatite structure when introducing different sources of silica, tetraethoxysilane and sodium silicate, in the reaction mixture. Growth in the amount of silicon in Si-HA results in the increase in the thermal stability of the samples. The greatest mass loss occurs at temperatures in the range of 25-400 °С that is caused by the removal of the crystallization and adsorption water and volatile impurities. It is shown that the modified apatites are of imperfect structure and crystallize in a nanocrystalline state

Immunomodulatory and neurotropic activities of synthetic peptides in a model of brain injury in rats

Treatment of consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the current problems of medicine. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of post-traumatic complications, various drugs are recommended, including the peptide with neuromodulatory activity Semax.The present study aims to determine the presence of neuro- and immunoprotective properties of the synthetic peptide PR5, composed of fragments of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides.The work was performed on male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g. The “falling weight” model of mechanical brain injury was used, which mainly causes diffuse brain damage. The synthesized peptide PR5, composed of fragments of known proline-rich peptides of animal neutrophils, and the peptide preparation Semax in the form of a 1% aqueous solution were used. The drugs were administered intranasally 1 hour after TBI, then twice a day for 4 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Control animals received physiological saline in the same regimen as the peptide preparations.TBI led to a significant decrease in body weight, but in rats receiving the peptide preparation Semax, the decrease in body weight was significantly less than in control animals, and the PR5 preparation completely prevented the decrease in body weight after TBI. After TBI, the proliferative activity of lymphocytes was suppressed and the cytotoxicity of NK cells decreased. In animals treated with peptide preparations, there was no significant suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity, and the proliferative activity of lymphocytes was restored to the level of control animals by day 14 after TBI. Both peptide preparations used contributed to higher locomotor activity, and in animals treated with the PR5 peptide, this type of activity reached the parameters of control animals. The reduction in freezing duration in groups treated with peptide preparations indicates the presence of a sedative effect.The peptide preparation PR5 was active in this series of experiments, showing immunotropic and neuroprotective activity comparable to the Semax preparation. Further studies aimed at confirming the identified types of activity of the peptide preparation PR5 may justify its prospects for clinical use as a new nootropic agent

Сравнительная оценка заживления раны при использовании локального лоскута и полнослойного кожного трансплантата в реконструктивно-восстановительной хирургии головы и шеи

Objective: to present a comparative analysis of wound healing process and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of using a local flap and a full-thickness skin graft in reconstructive surgery of head and neck skin tumors.Materials and methods. There were analyzed the results of 524 patients’ treatments in the Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital over the period from 2000 to 2013. For 478 patients skin tumors excisions were performed by the reconstruction with a local flap, and for 46 patients – with a full-thickness skin graft. While making an assessment of wound healing it was considered the dynamics of clinical symptomatology, clinical laboratory measurements, the results of local thermometry, of bacteriological and morphological studies, as well as the results of wound-tensiometry studies. As a comparison of averages, they used Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney test, χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test with statistically significant results at p < 0,05.Results. Comprehensive assessment of wound healing after skin tumors excisions of the head and neck with the elimination of the formed defect by using a local flap or a full-thickness skin graft showed that there was a vibrant local inflammatory reaction in both groups of patients up to 5–7 days after the operation. It was determined not only clinically, but also by objective criteria which characterized the wound healing process. Moreover, the hallmark of plastic reconstruction by skin graft was moderate intensity of local inflammation with the background of perceivable trophic abnormalities. Ultimately, the defined characteristics of wound healing process were as-sociated with a high incidence of complicated wound healing, up to 52.2 % using the skin graft and 33.1 % – the local flap. There were prevailed graft trophism problems in the complications structure in the form of partial or complete necrosis, which were particularly characterized for wound closing by free graft. From oncology position indicated wound risks were accompanied sufficiently high 5-year survival rate (81.8 and 93.9 %, respectively). Generally, choosing reconstructive surgery tactics to close the skin defect of the head and neck and considering a smaller percentage of complications it is preferred to use a local flap, in comparison with a free skin graft.Цель исследования – представить сравнительную характеристику течения раневого процесса и оценить клиническую эффективность использования локального лоскута и полнослойного кожного трансплантата в реконструктивной хирургии новообразований кожи головы и шеи.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты лечения 524 пациентов в Ярославской областной клинической онкологической больнице в период с 2000 по 2013 г., среди которых 478 больным было выполнено иссечение новообразования кожи с реконструкцией локальным лоскутом, 46 – полнослойным кожным трансплантатом. При оценке заживления раны учитывали динамику клинической симптоматики, клинико-лабораторных показателей, данные локальной термометрии, бактериологического и морфологического исследований, а также ранотензиометрии. Для сравнения средних величин использовали t-критерий Стьюдента, критерий Манна–Уитни, критерий χ2 и точный критерий Фишера со статистической значимостью результатов при p < 0,05.Результаты. Комплексная оценка заживления раны после иссечения новообразования кожи головы и шеи с ликвидацией образовавшегося дефекта с помощью локального лоскута или полнослойного кожного трансплантата показала, что в обеих группах больных до 5–7 сут после операции наблюдалась выраженная местная воспалительная реакция. Она определялась не только клинически, но и посредством объективных критериев, характеризующих течение раневого процесса. При этом отличительной чертой пластики полнослойной кожей была умеренная выраженность локального воспаления на фоне ощутимых трофических нарушений. Выявленные особенности течения раневого процесса были сопряжены с высокой частотой встречаемости осложненного заживления раны, достигающей 52,2 % при закрытии раны кожным трансплантатом и 33,1 % – локальным лоскутом. В структуре осложнений превалировали проблемы, связанные с трофикой лоскута, в виде частичного или полного его некроза, которые были особенно характерны для закрытия раны свободной кожей. С онкологических позиций указанные риски со стороны раны сопровождались достаточно высокой 5-летней выживаемостью (81,8 и 93,9 % соответственно). В целом при выборе тактики выполнения реконструктивной операции для закрытия дефекта кожи головы и шеи с учетом меньшего процента осложнений предпочтительно использование локального лоскута по сравнению с пластикой свободным кожным трансплантатом