An Experience in Collecting Requirements for Mobile, Energy Efficient Applications from End Customers in the Bank Sector

Several development processes recommend strongly user participation and involvement in requirement acqui- sition. However, there are very few studies detailing the empirical results of direct user involvement in large industrial software development products. In this paper we report the outcomes of a novel approach taken by the Software House of one of major Russian banks (Ak Bars Bank) on how to improve the development process by directly involving end customers in the requirement elicitation phase of mobile, energy efficient ap- plications. We observe that such involvement in a form of a workshop has led to improvement of requirements collection and higher levels of user satisfactio

Imidazolyl Alanes - Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity Studies – Imidazolyl Alanes - Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity Studies

Targeting the synthesis of Al/C based ambiphilic molecules, we investigated the dehydrohalogenation of a series of (benz)imidazole alane adducts. Depending on the steric bulk of the heterocycle, different dimeric products with various ring sizes were obtained. Dehydrohalogenation of the adduct of 1‐mesityl imidazole ($^{Mes}$Im) and 0.5 [tBu$_{2}$AlBr]$_{2}$ furnished the dimer 2, featuring a “classical” N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and a mesoionic or “abnormal” NHC (aNHC) subunit within a single molecule. The dimer is bound loosely enough to allow thermally induced isomerization of 2 into the isomers 2$^{NHC}$ (all NHC) and 2$^{aNHC}$ (all aNHC). Dehydrohalogenation of the adduct of 1‐mesityl‐2‐methyl imidazole ($^{Mes}$Im$^{Me}$) and 0.5 [tBu$_{2}$AlBr]$_{2}$ (4) yielded the dimeric compound 5 consisting of two N‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO) subunits. Although these six‐ and eight‐membered heterocycles show no FLP‐type reactivity towards small molecules like H$_{2}$, CO or CO$_{2}$, we observed an ambiphilic behavior of the imidazolyl alanes during our studies. Salt metathesis reactions using $^{Mes}$Im resulted in the formation of 3, which can be viewed as tBu$_{2}$AlBr adduct of an Al/N ambiphile. Utilizing heterocycles such as benzimidazole or spiroindole provided the entry point to C–H (7, 9) and N–H (10) activation products, most likely resulting from a reactivity of intermediate species as Al/C ambiphiles

Use of ring-expanded diamino- and diamidocarbene ligands in copper catalyzed azide-alkyne "click" reactions

The two-coordinate ring-expanded N-heterocyclic carbene copper­(I) complexes [Cu­(RE-NHC)₂]⁺ (RE-NHC = 6-Mes, 7-<i>o</i>-Tol, 7-Mes) have been prepared and shown to be effective catalysts under neat conditions for the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes and azides. In contrast, the cationic diamidocarbene analogue [Cu­(6-MesDAC)₂]⁺ and the neutral species [(6-MesDAC)­CuCl]₂ and [(6-MesDAC)₂(CuCl)₃] show good activity when the catalysis is performed on water

Socio-philosophical grounding of the conception of proletarian culture

The currency of the research consists in the necessity if rethinking of the notion of culture in Russian contemporary thought in order to present more adequately the process of development of culture in a future. The paper aims to elucidate political origins of the movement of Proletarian culture that play the leading role in a creation of a new conception of culture. As a materials were used documents and archives, scientific paper of Russian and foreign researchers. As a maim method was used problematic-analytical reconstruction, explored in the framework of an enactive approach that allows to envelop the subject in its evolvement and to concentrate on concrete practical situations of its realization. Such reconstruction permits to accomplish the original interpretation of the problem. The authors focus in the pre-history of the movement. Analyzing the social-political context of the origin of the movement, the authors come to the conclusion about artificially created necessity of political enlightenment of the society by the revolutionaries. The paper demonstrates how agents of proletarian working circles manipulate by the public opinion of working class. As a result, the paper shows the process of formation the ideology of cultural movement revolutionary period and evaluates significance of ideological function in its realization. The authors produce critical evaluation of the history of the movement in original judgment about political grounding of culture

Sequential and Asynchronous Strengthening of the Influence of Temperature on the Endo- and Exocytosis of Insulin in the Isolated Vertebrata Hepatocytes: Summing up Previous Studies

Insulin internalization and processing of the Insulin Receptor Complex (IRC) inside the cell are important components of the intracellular Mechanism of Insulin Action (MIA). They define the continuation of intracellular signaling of IRC and allow utilization of the parts of the complex after ligand dissociation. Traditionally, changes in the insulin regulatory system associated with the vertebrate phylogenesis have been evaluated by changes of its two elements: the hormone and its receptor. A hormone-competent cell was considered as an evolutionarily completed element of insulin regulatory system. However, previous studies of the isolated hepatocytes of four classes of vertebrates (lamprey, frog, chicken, and rat) revealed significant differences in the state of internalization of 125I-insulin and intracellular IRC processing. Radical differences were noted in the regulation of 125I-insulin internalization and the intracellular fate of the IRC. Here, cytosolic efficient insulin degradation and a complete lack of 125I-insulin exocytosis were observed in the cyclostome cells, whereas in amphibians the hormone underwent lysosomal degradation and showed low levels of exocytosis, while birds and mammals were characterized by high volumes of the excreted 125Iinsulin containing proteolytic 125I-insulin fragments. Despite the established recognition of the importance of the temperature factor, a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature effects on MIA is still missing. This poorly studied problem of the MIA temperature dependence can be behind the differences in the effect of temperature on the intracellular action of insulin and IGF-I. In fact, at different phylogenetic stages, successive changes were reported for the temperature dependence of the 125Iinsulin internalization and exocytosis. The following regularities were reported for the effect of temperature on the 125I-insulin internalization in isolated hepatocytes of different origin: complete lack of receptibility of the process to temperature in lampreys, receptibility of the process in a narrow range of low temperatures (0-5°C) in amphibians, and flexible regulation of 125I-insulin internalization in a wide temperature range (6- 37°C) in the cells from endothermic organisms. Reported data make it possible to observe three stages in the alteration of temperature regulation of 125I-insulin internalization (in cells of cyclostomes, amphibians, and endothermic organisms) and two stages of temperature regulation of 125I-insulin exocytosis in cells of amphibians, birds, and mammals. The data presented in this study reflect the specificity of the developmental reorganization of the intracellular MIA regulation and hormone utilization, and emphasize the central role of temperature in selective MIA formation during vertebrate phylogenesis

SOCIOPHILOSOPHICAL REASONS FOR FORMING A CONCEPTION OF PROLETARIAN CULTURE: REVOLUTIONARY ARMED ORIGINS

Actuality of the article consists in the fact that culture plays crucial role in contemporary Russian society. The authors address the origins of this tendency. The aim of the article is an analysis of the beginning of the proletarian culture. As the resources for the paper archive documents of revolutionaries, political articles of that period, scientific papers and books of foreign and domestic authors are used. Problematic-analytic reconstruction with the elements of enactive approach is applied as a main method. The method allows to present the subject in its development and to make an original socio-philosophical interpretation of culture. The paper accentuate a prehistory of proletarian culture movement. Analyzing early works of A. Bogdanov, one of the father of the movement, the authors came to conclusion that the conception of proletarian culture was emerged from agitational politics of Bogdanov, who called to revolutionary armed uprising. Therefore, first stage of proletarian culture was agitation and propaganda for preparation of revolutionary active elements of combative movement. The paper shows the evolution of Boganov’s thought about foundation of proletarian culture: starting from discussing on necessity of revolutionary armed actions, Bogdanov slowly came up with Marxist argumentation of his conception

N‐nacnac stabilized tetrelenes: formation of an N,P‐Heterocyclic germylene via C–C bond Insertion

The use of an amino‐functionalized β‐diketiminate (“N‐nacnac”) ligand in low‐valent germanium chemistry is reported, with a view to comparison with “conventional” nacnac systems. Transmetallation of the N‐nacnac ligand from lithium allows access to a versatile chlorogermylene system, and subsequent substituent exchange processes are used to generate related hydrido‐, and phosphaketenyl‐germylenes. The latter undergoes photolytically‐induced cleavage of the P–CO bond to yield an unusual imine‐coordinated N,P‐heterocyclic germylene. On the basis of DFT calculations this transformation is proposed to occur via concerted attack by the electron‐rich carbon–carbon bond of the N‐nacnac backbone accompanying CO loss, rather than via the generation of a free phosphinidene

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ДИНАМІЧНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ СИНХРОННОГО ГЕНЕРАТОРА АВТОНОМНОЇ ГЕНЕРУЮЧОЇ УСТАНОВКИ

The article considers the use of autonomous generating systems (AGS) on the basis of synchronous generators (SG) for the consumers of the first and second categories.To increase the SG AGS stability and the output voltage regulation on the stator clamps, the relay or parametric forcing of the excitation voltage and the system of automatic regulation of excitation (ARE) are used. However, in cases of natural disasters, when connecting consumers of comparable power, for example, asynchronous motors with short circuit rotor, the SG lose its stability due to the inertia of the excitation circuit, a significant dynamic voltage drop and its duration, which causes the disconnection by the protection of the minimum voltage of the preconnected consumers. Therefore, the speed of forcing modes increase is achieved through the application of a leading phase of the voltage excitation and its multiplicity increase. In addition, an increase in the speed of the forcing mode can be achieved by reducing the inertia of the measuring lines and voltage control.However, the application of known methods and devices for accelerating the voltage excitation does not reduce the inertia of the excitation circuit itself, that is, the current in the exciting winding (EW) always has an aperiodic lag to the accelerating voltage, following the stability determination of the SG.The authors proposed to compensate the electromagnetic inertia of the excitation circuit by activating capacitive energy storage devices (CES) in order to increase the dynamic stability of SG.The mathematical model of SG in Koshy form and the control system of the excitation circuit has been given. The calculations have been made to assess the influence of the CES and the control system of the excitation circuit on the AGS output parameters. The analysis of transient processes shows that the stabilization time of the output voltage SG without CES is t ≈ 0.6 s, and with CES is t ≈ 0.2 s. In addition, the voltage drop is = DU 40% and DU = 10% respectively.In order to confirm the theoretical statements, the experimental research has been carried out using a synchronous generator of MCA-72 type / 4A: Рn = 12 kW; U = 230 V; nn = 1500 rpm in the mode of excitation current speeding up with the proposed device and with serial thyristor exciters with connected consumers of comparable power.It is proved that the time to reach the forced value by the excitation current with the uncompensated circuit is 1 s, and with the capacitive energy storage device – 0,01 s. In this case, the voltage drop is 39%, the compensation of electromagnetic inertia in the same conditions provides a voltage drop of no more than 11%.The article considers the use of autonomous generating systems (AGS) on the basis of synchronous generators (SG) for the consumers of the first and second categories.To increase the SG AGS stability and the output voltage regulation on the stator clamps, the relay or parametric forcing of the excitation voltage and the system of automatic regulation of excitation (ARE) are used. However, in cases of natural disasters, when connecting consumers of comparable power, for example, asynchronous motors with short circuit rotor, the SG lose its stability due to the inertia of the excitation circuit, a significant dynamic voltage drop and its duration, which causes the disconnection by the protection of the minimum voltage of the preconnected consumers. Therefore, the speed of forcing modes increase is achieved through the application of a leading phase of the voltage excitation and its multiplicity increase. In addition, an increase in the speed of the forcing mode can be achieved by reducing the inertia of the measuring lines and voltage control.However, the application of known methods and devices for accelerating the voltage excitation does not reduce the inertia of the excitation circuit itself, that is, the current in the exciting winding (EW) always has an aperiodic lag to the accelerating voltage, following the stability determination of the SG.The authors proposed to compensate the electromagnetic inertia of the excitation circuit by activating capacitive energy storage devices (CES) in order to increase the dynamic stability of SG.The mathematical model of SG in Koshy form and the control system of the excitation circuit has been given. The calculations have been made to assess the influence of the CES and the control system of the excitation circuit on the AGS output parameters. The analysis of transient processes shows that the stabilization time of the output voltage SG without CES is t ≈ 0.6 s, and with CES is t ≈ 0.2 s. In addition, the voltage drop is = DU 40% and DU = 10% respectively.In order to confirm the theoretical statements, the experimental research has been carried out using a synchronous generator of MCA-72 type / 4A: Рn = 12 kW; U = 230 V; nn = 1500 rpm in the mode of excitation current speeding up with the proposed device and with serial thyristor exciters with connected consumers of comparable power.It is proved that the time to reach the forced value by the excitation current with the uncompensated circuit is 1 s, and with the capacitive energy storage device – 0,01 s. In this case, the voltage drop is 39%, the compensation of electromagnetic inertia in the same conditions provides a voltage drop of no more than 11%

N‐nacnac stabilized tetrelenes: formation of an N,P‐Heterocyclic germylene via C–C bond Insertion

The use of an amino‐functionalized β‐diketiminate (“N‐nacnac”) ligand in low‐valent germanium chemistry is reported, with a view to comparison with “conventional” nacnac systems. Transmetallation of the N‐nacnac ligand from lithium allows access to a versatile chlorogermylene system, and subsequent substituent exchange processes are used to generate related hydrido‐, and phosphaketenyl‐germylenes. The latter undergoes photolytically‐induced cleavage of the P–CO bond to yield an unusual imine‐coordinated N,P‐heterocyclic germylene. On the basis of DFT calculations this transformation is proposed to occur via concerted attack by the electron‐rich carbon–carbon bond of the N‐nacnac backbone accompanying CO loss, rather than via the generation of a free phosphinidene

A β-diketiminate-stabilized sila-acyl chloride: systematic access to base-stabilized silicon analogues of classical carbonyl compounds

An oxidation/substitution strategy for the synthesis of silicon analogues of classical organic carbonyl compounds is reported, by making use of a novel β-diketiminate-supported sila-acyl chloride-the first example of such a compound isolated without the use of a stabilizing Lewis acid. Nucleophilic substitution at the SiIV center allows direct access to the corresponding sila-aldehyde and sila-ester. An alternative approach utilizing the reverse order of synthetic steps is thwarted by the facile rearrangement of the corresponding SiII systems featuring either H or OR substituents. As such, the isolation of (N-nacnac)Si(O)Cl represents a key step forward in enabling the synthesis of sila-carbonyl compounds by a synthetic approach ubiquitous in organic chemistry