Komparativ analyse av heterogene og homogene nevrale feltmodeller

The present thesis is devoted to the comparative analysis of heterogeneous and homogeneous neural field models. The motivation for this work stems from the fact that there is considerable interest in processes in neural tissue, which can underlie both natural and pathological neurobiological phenomena (e.g., orientation tuning in primary visual cortex, short term working memory, control of head direction, motion perception, visual hallucinations and EEG rhythms). The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the outcome of the analysis of a heterogeneous neural field model and its homogeneous counterpart. Another goal is to get more realistic dynamical models for the brain function which takes into account microscopic effects. Mathematically, this approach is formulated in terms of (a system of) nonlinear integro-differential equations. These models describe nonlinear interactions between neuron populations. They are used as a starting point to study traveling wave fronts, localized stationary solutions (bumps) and pattern formation. The first part of the thesis consists of the introduction. Here we first give a short review of the neurophysical background. Secondly, we introduce the key mathematical objects of the present thesis, namely a neural field model of the Amari type and a 2-population homogenized neural field model. We also review the basic ideas of homogenization theory and the two-scale convergence method. Then we summarize the results and give ideas for future works. The second part of the thesis consists of three papers. Paper I deals with the existence and linear stability of stationary periodic bump solutions to a neural field model of the Amari type. In Paper II and III we focus on 2-population homogenized neural field models where the cortical microstructure is taken into account in the connectivity strength. We study the existence and stability of localized stationary single bump solutions (Paper II). In Paper III we investigate pattern forming processes in the same neural field model. The key methods in the present study are a pinning function technique for the existence of bumps, spectral methods and properties, block diagonalization and the Fourier decomposition method in the stability assessment and numerical simulations. We believe that the present thesis contributes to the understanding of the brain functions, both in normal and pathological cases.I denne avhandlingen utføres en komparativ analyse av heterogene og homogene nevrale nettverksmodeller. Motivasjonen for dette arbeidet er interessen for prosesser i hjernebarken, som kan være grunnlag for både naturlige og patologiske nevrobiologiske fenomener (for eksempel i orienteringsinnstilling i den primære visuelle hjernebarken, korttidsminne, kontroll av hoderetning, bevegelsesoppfattelse, visuelle hallusinasjoner og EEG-rytmer). Hovedformålet med denne avhandlingen er å analysere en heterogen nevral nettverksmodell og dens homogene motstykke. Et annet mål er å få mer realistiske dynamiske modeller for hjernefunksjonen, som tar hensyn til mikroskopiske effekter. Disse modellene er gitt som (et system av) ikke-lineære integro-differensiallikninger. Disse modellene beskriver ikke-lineære interaksjoner mellom nevronpopulasjoner. De brukes som utgangspunkt for å studere bølgeforplantning, lokaliserte stasjonære løsninger (bumps) og mønsterdannelse. I introduksjonen presenterer vi en oversikt over den nevrofysiologiske bakgrunnen. Videre introduserer vi de matematiske modellene som er sentrale i denne avhandlingen, det vil si en nevral nettverksmodell av Amari- typen og en homogenisert 2-populasjon nevral nettverksmodell. Vi gjennomgår også grunnbegrepene i homogeniseringsteori og toskala konvergensmetoden. Deretter oppsummerer vi resultatene og fremlegger ideer for videre arbeid. Den andre delen av denne avhandlingen består av tre artikler. Artikkel I omhandler eksistensen og den lineære stabiliteten til stasjonære periodiske bump-løsninger i en nettverksmodell av Amari-typen. I artikkel II og III fokuserer vi på en homogenisert 2-populasjons nevral nettverksmodell, hvor mikrostrukturen i hjernebarken tas med i beregningen av konnektivitetsstyrken. Vi undersøker eksistensen og stabiliteten til lokaliserte stasjonære bump-løsninger (artikkel II). I artikkel III studerer vi mønsterdannende prosesser i den samme nevrale nettverksmodellen. De sentrale metodene i denne studien er en pinning-funksjonsteknikk for eksistens av bumps. Stabilitetsanalysen er gjennomført ved hjelp av spektral metoder , blokk diagonalisering og Fouriertransformasjon og numeriske simuleringer. Vi mener at denne avhandlingen bidrar til forståelsen av hjernens funksjoner, både under normale og patologiske omstendigheter

Правові засоби захисту виборчих прав громадян

This article is devoted to the issue of the legal protection of citizens' electoral rights. The object of the study is the social relations that arise during the realization by citizens of their electoral rights. The subject of the study is the legal remedies for the protection of the citizens' electoral rights.Moreover, the novelty of this article is that it first attempted to identify the problems of the electoral rights of Ukrainian citizens, and to indicate ways to overcome them. The purpose of the article is a systematic analysis of the electoral rights of citizens, the identification of problems of protection of data rights and the determination of proposals to improve the mechanism of protection of electoral rights of citizens. The key methods of scientific research are general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, dialectical and logical methods. Specific methods to be used in the study will be: comparative, forensic, and formal legal.In the conclusion the authors highlighted the most promising measures for the protection of citizens' electoral rights and established that there are two main forms of suffrage protection: judicial and extra-judicial.Este artículo está dedicado al tema de la protección legal de los derechos electorales de los ciudadanos. El objeto del estudio son las relaciones sociales que surgen durante la realización por los ciudadanos de sus derechos electorales. El tema del estudio son los recursos legales para la protección de los derechos electorales de los ciudadanos. Además, la novedad de este artículo es que primero intentó identificar los problemas de los derechos electorales de los ciudadanos ucranianos e indicar formas de superarlos. El propósito del artículo es un análisis sistemático de los derechos electorales de los ciudadanos, la identificación de problemas de protección de los derechos de datos y la determinación de propuestas para mejorar el mecanismo de protección de los derechos electorales de los ciudadanos. Los métodos clave de la investigación científica son métodos científicos generales de análisis y síntesis, métodos dialécticos y lógicos. Los métodos específicos que se utilizarán en el estudio serán: legal comparativo, forense y formal. En la conclusión, los autores destacaron las medidas más prometedoras para la protección de los derechos electorales de los ciudadanos y establecieron que existen dos formas principales de protección del sufragio: judicial y extrajudicial.Cтаттю присвячено дослідженню питання особливостей правового захисту виборчих прав громадян. Об’єктом дослідження є суспільні відносини, які вникають під час реалізації громадянами їх виборчих прав. Предметом дослідження є наявні правові засоби захисту виборчих прав громадян.Новизна цієї статті полягає в тому, що вона визначає проблеми виборчих прав громадян України та вказує шляхи їх подолання. Метою статті є системний аналіз інституту виборчих прав громадян, висвітлення проблем захисту цих прав та надання пропозицій щодо вдосконалення механізму захисту виборчих права громадян. Основними методами наукового дослідження є загальнонаукові методи аналізу та синтезу, діалектичний та логічний. Спеціально-наукові методи, які будуть використовуватись у дослідженні є: порівняльно-юридичний та формально-правовий.У висновку автори висвітлили найбільш перспективні заходи захисту виборчих прав громадян та встановили, що існує дві основні форми захисту виборчих прав: судовий та позасудовий з їх подальшим обґрунтуванням

Negative Concepts in Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Teens’ Mind

The paper presents the method for identifying the level of concept awareness and the level of moral competence based on experimental data obtained during the survey of hearing and hearing impaired teenagers. The author carries out the componential analysis of dictionary definitions and the teenagers' responses and identifies those semes in the teenagers' responses, which coincide with the semes of dictionary definitions. To calculate the levels accordingly to the mentioned method, the mathematical formula and the percentage scale proposed are given, including three levels: high, medium and low to be interpreted. The level of awareness of the moral concept is tied with the individual's ability to give an interpretation of the concept close to the dictionary definition. The level of moral competence is determined by the individual's ability to assess somebody's action according to the analogical moral concept. The processed results show that teenagers are not always aware of concepts in terminological use and substitute one concept with another. The author reveals low levels of concept awareness and moral competence on the developed percentage scale, as well as the teenagers' inability to evaluate somebody's action in correlation with the same concept. To analyze the process of concepts substitution, the correspondence table has been worked out, which includes, on the one hand, the main semes of concepts studied and semes of synonymous concepts presented, and on the other hand, the analogical feelings/emotions as those mentioned in psychology. Such a representation of moral concepts and their equivalents in the form of feelings allows us to find out the very feelings respondents describe, as well as the cases of concepts substitution. Linguistic and psychological concept correspondences presented by hearing and hearing-impaired teenagers are discussed and compared

(E)-4-(3-Phenylisoxazol-5-yl)but-3-en-2-one

(E)-4-(3-Phenylisoxazol-5-yl)but-3-en-2-one was synthesized via the oxidative ring opening reaction of 2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-1-phenylethanone oxime, followed by the iodine mediated isomerization

Pattern formation in a 2-population homogenized neuronal network model

We study pattern formation in a 2-population homogenized neural field model of the Hopfield type in one spatial dimension with periodic microstructure. The connectivity functions are periodically modulated in both the synaptic footprint and in the spatial scale. It is shown that the nonlocal synaptic interactions promote a finite band width instability. The stability method relies on a sequence of wave-number dependent invariants of 2×2-stability matrices representing the sequence of Fourier-transformed linearized evolution equations for the perturbation imposed on the homogeneous background. The generic picture of the instability structure consists of a finite set of well-separated gain bands. In the shallow firing rate regime the nonlinear development of the instability is determined by means of the translational invariant model with connectivity kernels replaced with the corresponding period averaged connectivity functions. In the steep firing rate regime the pattern formation process depends sensitively on the spatial localization of the connectivity kernels: For strongly localized kernels this process is determined by the translational invariant model with period averaged connectivity kernels, whereas in the complementary regime of weak and moderate localization requires the homogenized model as a starting point for the analysis. We follow the development of the instability numerically into the nonlinear regime for both steep and shallow firing rate functions when the connectivity kernels are modeled by means of an exponentially decaying function. We also study the pattern forming process numerically as a function of the heterogeneity parameters in four different regimes ranging from the weakly modulated case to the strongly heterogeneous case. For the weakly modulated regime, we observe that stable spatial oscillations are formed in the steep firing rate regime, whereas we get spatiotemporal oscillations in the shallow regime of the firing rate functions.publishedVersio

Phenomenology of domestic violence

The issue of combating domestic violence is one of the most important in today's conditions, both in Ukraine and throughout the world, because violence is recognized as violating human rights. In order to improve the situation and implement mechanisms for combating domestic violence at the international level, a system of international legal protection of the rights of persons, affected by this phenomenon has been created. The purpose of the work is to assess and study the provisions of international legal acts aimed at combating domestic violence. The research methodology is a complex of methods: historical, comparative-legal, descriptive, systemic-structural, dogmatic, sociological and modeling, induction and deduction, and philosophical method. As a result of the study, an analysis of the features of the emergence and development of international legal regulation in the field of combating domestic violence was carried out, in particular, the system and features of individual international acts aimed at regulating relevant relations are considered. Also, the criminal law rules regulating the fight against domestic violence were analyzed. Attention is drawn to the development and experience of the criminal-legal response to the investigated phenomenon in the international community and its transformation in modern conditions. The possible directions of the development of international legal regulation regarding the criminal legal response to domestic violence in Ukraine and the world have been determined

FILM TITLE AS UNIT OF TRANSLATION AND IMAGE-SENSE (BASED ON ENGLISH AND KOREAN)

Purpose. The article focuses on the study of film titles that we consider an integral part of cinema text from the point of view of its special sign nature. A film title gives the key to the subject matter of the film story line. The translator faces a number of challenges as it is essential to capture the semantic multidimensionality of the original title in order to transmit accurately the same vision, sense and tonality embodied in the original title. Methodology. The study is done in the light of the synergetic approach to film translation that emphasizes the dominant role of the image-sense and its influences on translation solutions. The polysemiotic nature of a film text should be taken into account while dealing with film title translations. Results. The image-sense is an integral unity that can be cognized only in the context of the whole as the essence of semiosis, unity of individual and general, creating an authentic image in a viewer’s mind. Image-sense is characterized by unpredictability and ambiguity that can be eliminated due to video image and the interaction of some semiotic systems in creating an integral entity. The research materials are film dialogues of Korean and American feature films

СТРУКТУРА ВИРУСНЫХ ТРИГГЕРОВ ФЕБРИЛЬНЫХ ПРИСТУПОВ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА

The study presents the results of clinical and laboratory observations 121 children aged 3 to 36 months with the diagnosis «ARVI with convulsive syndrome».  The prevalence of patients with burdened hereditary anamnesis for the development of febrile seizures (FS) (31.4 ± 4.2%). During the laboratory examination along with the respiratory viruses group noted the high herpes virus infection (51.2%), particularly human herpes virus 6 type (of 38.7%). The extension of the spectrum of the diagnostic examination of children  with FS will establish  the role of infectious triggers in the occurrence of FS and thereby define rational tactics and dispensary observation of this group of patients.В работе представлены результаты клинико-лабораторного наблюдения 121 ребенка в возрасте от 3 до 36 мес., госпитализированных в стационар с диагнозом «ОРВИ, судорожный синдром». Преобладали пациенты с отягощенным наследственным анамнезом по развитию фебрильных приступов (ФП) (31,4 ± 4,2%). При проведении лабораторного обследования, наряду с вирусами респираторной группы, отмечена высокая инфицированность герпесвирусами (51,2%), в частности вирусом герпеса человека 6-го типа (ВГЧ-6) (38,7%). Расширение диагностического спектра обследования детей позволит установить роль инфекционных триггеров в возникновении ФП и тем самым определит рациональную тактику ведения и диспансерного наблюдения данной группы пациентов

КРИТЕРИИ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФОРМ РАННЕГО ВРОЖДЕННОГО СИФИЛИСА

The results of clinical and laboratory (blood count) and serological monitoring of 156 children with various forms of early congenital syphilis in the initial period and the dynamics on the background of specific therapy. Violations in haemogram characterized hypochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, neytrofillezom stab shift with a sharP increase in ESR, which prevailed among the most children with the disease over polisimptomnym and significantly exceeded the level of the norm even after specific therapy. For serological examination in 84.62 % cases registered positive results in microprecipitation reaction (RMR) to 56.52% — IgM, and 97.83% — IgG reaction Enzymeimmuno assay (EIA) and 100 % — Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (ТРHА). On the background of specific therapy indicated positive results in the growth of bladder cancer (85.19 %), in the formulation of IgM EIA (72.22 %) and IgG (100%), thus, recorded a decline titer positivity serological RMR 2 times , IgM EIA reaction 12 times with simultaneous increase IgG positivity 4 times and 2 times in the ТРHА in the formulation of these reactions in the dynamics.В работе представлены результаты клинико-лабораторного (гемограмма) и серологического мониторинга 156 детей с различными формами раннего врожденного сифилиса в начальном периоде заболевания и в динамике, на фоне проведения специфической терапии. Выявлены нарушения в гемограмме, характеризующиеся гипохромной анемией, тромбоцитопенией, лейкоцитозом, нейтрофилезом с палочкоядерным сдвигом, резким увеличением СОЭ, которые максимально преобладали среди детей с полисимптомным течением заболевания и значительно превышали уровень нормы даже по окончании специфической терапии. При серологическом обследовании в 84,62% случаях зарегистрированы положительные результаты в реакции микропреципитации (РМП), в 56,52% — IgM, а в 97,83% — IgG в реакции иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) и в 100% — реакции пассивной гемагглютинации (РПГА). На фоне проведения специфической терапии отмечалось нарастание положительных результатов в РМП (85,19%), при постановке ИФА IgМ (72,22%) и IgG (100%), при этом зарегистрировано снижение титра позитивности серологических реакций РМП в 2 раза, IgM в реакции ИФА в 12 раз с одновременным нарастанием позитивности IgG в 4 раза и РПГА в 2 раза при постановке данных реакций в динамике.