Understanding the sharing of rival information: A simulation approach

In this preliminary study, we proposed a mathematical information sharing model for rival information and simulated the information sharing behaviors in systems confronting the social dilemma. The simulations help us understand the factors that influence the performance of information sharing systems and may lead to new approaches that solve the social dilemma.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61340/1/14504403101_ftp.pd

The Association Between Different Clinical Methods for Evaluating Lower Extremity Muscular Function

Insufficient muscular strength at the hip and thigh may increase an athlete\u27s susceptibility to lower extremity injuries. In an attempt to reduce this risk, researchers have proposed lower limb strength testing within preparticipation physical examinations (PPE) and return-to-play (RTP) evaluations. However, because of cost, mobility, and or set-up time, some methods are not feasible in certain settings. Since methodological approaches between methods can vary, having different contraction modes and testing parameters, substitution of one method for another may not be valid. Therefore, the purpose of this study is three-fold: a) to determine the association between isometric and isokinetic contraction modes assessed at the hip, b) to investigate relationships between parameters of muscular strength, c) to assess the relationships between dynametric muscular strength and measures of functional performance. For experiment one, eight-teen recreationally active individuals were recruited. In this experiment, separate Pearson product moment correlations were used to evaluate peak torque (PT) between modes. This experiment determined that the PT evaluated at the hip demonstrated a strong to very strong positive correlation (r =.50 - .87) between isometric and isokinetic evaluated at 60°/s, with the exception of normalized HE (r = .42) and IR (r = .24). For experiment two and three, 62 recreationally active participants were recruited. In experiment two and three, separate Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine the association between the variables of interest. Experiment two determined that PT accounted for 78 to 98% of the variance in RTD. However, neither PT nor RTD demonstrated a similar relationship to strength endurance. Finally, experiment three, determined that work performed by participants during triple hop for distance (THD) accounted for more than 50% of the variance in absolute AB, AD, HE, HF, KE, and ER PT. In addition, the work performed during the THD also accounted for more than 50% of the variance in absolute AB and AD RTD. Overall, these three experiments indicate that in PPEs and RTP evaluations where tertiary methods might not be feasible, secondary and primary methods for evaluating muscle function may present a viable option for evaluating an individual\u27s PT and or RTD

The Reliability of Three-Dimensional Inertial Measurement Units in Capturing Lower-Body Joint Kinematics during Single-Leg Landing Tasks

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 1306-1316, 2022. 3-D inertial measurement units (IMUs) have advantages over other types of motion capture systems, as IMUs cannot be obstructed by equipment and gear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of IMUs in measuring joint angles at the hip, knee, and ankle during two types of single-leg landings: 1) drop-landing (DL) and 2) leap-landing (LL). Nineteen subjects, both males (n = 9, 21.88 ± 1.64 yrs, 178.36 ± 9.68 cm, 185.68 ± 16.63 kg) and females (n = 11, 22.45 ± 4.32 yrs, 171.57 ± 6.55 cm, 70.95 ± 14.99 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed three trials of both tasks. The DL required the participant to drop onto their dominant leg from a 30 cm box onto force plate. The LL task required participants to leap over a 20 cm hurdle onto the force plate. ICC values and SEM calculations were used to assess the IMU’s reliability. Overall, IMUs displayed fair-to-excellent reliability for both tasks (ICC = 0.442-0.962), aside from ankle inversion (ICC = 0.290) & ankle abduction (ICC = 0.216) at initial ground contact and ankle abduction (ICC = 0.234) at maximum vertical ground reaction force, both during the LL task. IMUs can be a reliable measurement tool for lower extremity motion during dynamic landing, so long as factors related to reliability at the ankle are considered

TACKLING THE EXPLORATION OF FOOTBALL PLAYER DISC PROFILES

The purpose of this particular study was to examine the DiSC styles of intercollegiate football players. This study observed the DiSC assessment results of 127 collegiate football players, categorized into Dominance (D), influence (i), Steadiness (S), and Conscientiousness (C). There were 127 points of data used to analyze DiSC style based on the eight different positions as well as offense compared to defense. After completing chi-square analyses, there were two outputs that were significantly different from the sample mean. Most notably, it was shown that the Dominance based quarterbacks were significant. While no significance was found between offensive and defensive units. Overall, this study adds to the literature demonstrating the vast heterogeneity of members of a football team.Master of Art

Results from the KiGGS Study

Objective: The use of reported instead of measured height and weight induces a bias in prevalence rates for overweight and obesity. Therefore, correction formulas are necessary. Methods: Self-reported and measured height and weight were available from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) baseline study (2003-2006) from 3,468 adolescents aged 11-17 years. With regression analyses, correction formulas for height and weight were developed. Cross-validation was conducted in order to validate and compare the formulas. Corrected BMI was calculated, and corrected prevalence rates were estimated. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for overweight and obesity were calculated. Results: Through the correction procedure, the mean differences between reported and measured height and weight become remarkably smaller and thus the estimated prevalence rates more accurate. The corrected proportions for overweight and obesity are less under-reported, while the corrected proportions for underweight are less over-reported. Sensitivity for overweight and obesity increased after correction. Specificity remained high. Conclusion: The validation process showed that the correction formulas are an appropriate tool to correct self- reports on an individual level in order to estimate corrected prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in adolescents for studies which have collected self-reports only

Evolutionary games in the multiverse

Evolutionary game dynamics of two players with two strategies has been studied in great detail. These games have been used to model many biologically relevant scenarios, ranging from social dilemmas in mammals to microbial diversity. Some of these games may in fact take place between a number of individuals and not just between two. Here, we address one-shot games with multiple players. As long as we have only two strategies, many results from two player games can be generalized to multiple players. For games with multiple players and more than two strategies, we show that statements derived for pairwise interactions do no longer hold. For two player games with any number of strategies there can be at most one isolated internal equilibrium. For any number of players $\boldsymbol{d}$ with any number of strategies n, there can be at most (d-1)^(n-1) isolated internal equilibria. Multiplayer games show a great dynamical complexity that cannot be captured based on pairwise interactions. Our results hold for any game and can easily be applied for specific cases, e.g. public goods games or multiplayer stag hunts

Trust and privacy in distributed work groups

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and PredictionTrust plays an important role in both group cooperation and economic exchange. As new technologies emerge for communication and exchange, established mechanisms of trust are disrupted or distorted, which can lead to the breakdown of cooperation or to increasing fraud in exchange. This paper examines whether and how personal privacy information about members of distributed work groups influences individuals' cooperation and privacy behavior in the group. Specifically, we examine whether people use others' privacy settings as signals of trustworthiness that affect group cooperation. In addition, we examine how individual privacy preferences relate to trustworthy behavior. Understanding how people interact with others in online settings, in particular when they have limited information, has important implications for geographically distributed groups enabled through new information technologies. In addition, understanding how people might use information gleaned from technology usage, such as personal privacy settings, particularly in the absence of other information, has implications for understanding many potential situations that arise in pervasively networked environments.Preprin