Stress fractures of the upper extremities

Prijelomi zamora su djelomični ili potpuni prijelomi kostiju uzrokovani ponavljanim djelovanjem sila slabijih od sile potrebne da slomi kost jednim djelovanjem. Pripadaju skupini sindroma prenaprezanja. Prijelomi zamora gornjih ekstremiteta čest su slučaj u sportovima gdje gornji ekstremiteti trebaju savladavati velike sile. Kvalitetno osmišljenim prevencijskim programima u treningu smanjuje se mogućnost nastanka prijeloma zamora gornjih ekstremiteta. Cilj rada je prikazati mehanizme nastanka, dijagnostiku, liječenje i prevenciju prijeloma zamora gornjih ekstremiteta.Stress fractures are partial and complete bone fractures caused by repetitive application of force weaker than the force needed to break the bone with a single impact. They belong to the group of overuse syndromes. Stress fractures of the upper extremity are common in sports where the upper extremities must overcome strong forces. Virtuous prevention programs in training decrease the possibility of stress fractures of the upper extremities. The object of this work is to present causes, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of stress fractures of the upper extremities

GOSPODARSKO VREDNOVANJE KLONSKIH KANDIDATA KLEŠČECA K5, K13, K17, K21, K23, K30, K39, K51, K57, K68

Proizvodnjom 537 loznih cijepova baznog sadnog materijala, tj. 20 zdravih klonskih kandidata sorte vinove loze Kleščec u Institut für Rebenzüchtung, Hochschule Geisenheim University, stvoreni su uvjeti za podizanje baznog rasadnika plemki ove sorte te je 2015. godine na Visokom gospodarskom učilištu u Križevcima podignut rasadnik plemki sorte Kleščec. Podizanjem rasadnika stvoreni su osnovni preduvjeti za širenje i proučavanje ove sorte. S-SAP metodom potvrđena je sortna varijabilnost, a samim time i opravdanost provođenja klonske selekcije sorte. Deset klonskih kandidata (K5, K13, K17, K21, K23, K30, K39, K51, K57, K68) prvi put je tijekom 2016. godine analizirano i bonificirano. Ampelometrijska i ampelografska istraživanja, prikaz fenofaza, mehanička analiza grozda i bobice navedenih 10 klonskih kandidata provedena su u ovom završnom radu, a kemijski su analizirani parametri: koncentracija šećera i ukupnih kiselina, pH i ukupni fenoli

Personalized Federated Learning: A Unified Framework and Universal Optimization Techniques

We study the optimization aspects of personalized Federated Learning (FL). We propose general optimizers that can be used to solve essentially any existing personalized FL objective, namely a tailored variant of Local SGD and variants of accelerated coordinate descent/accelerated SVRCD. By studying a general personalized objective that is capable of recovering essentially any existing personalized FL objective as a special case, we develop a universal optimization theory applicable to all strongly convex personalized FL models in the literature. We demonstrate the practicality and/or optimality of our methods both in terms of communication and local computation. Surprisingly enough, our general optimization solvers and theory are capable of recovering best-known communication and computation guarantees for solving specific personalized FL objectives. Thus, our proposed methods can be taken as universal optimizers that make the design of task-specific optimizers unnecessary in many cases.Comment: 65 pages, 5 figure

Measurement of colour coordinates of LEDs used in the automotive exterior lighting

Article deals with dichromatic white light-emitting diode (LED’s) color coordinates used in automotive exterior lighting. This article also describes basic white automotive LED functionality and basic physical processes that create white light of these LEDs. It focuses on measuring color coordinates of white automotive LEDs with different temperature of LED and how the LED’s color depends on LED’s temperature. The article is comparing very important datasheet information of LED producers and values measured in the laboratory at university. The article contains statistical results of measurements and graphical representation of measured values and declared color bins which are very important for producers of headlamps for automotive companies

SREDNJOTRIJASKE AUTOKLASTIČNE NASLAGE U OKOLICI BOSANSKOG GRAHOVA (JUGOZAPADNA BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA)

Middle Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks have been recognized at several localities near Bosansko Grahovo, in southwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the External Dinarides. Peculiar types of autoclastic rocks were investigated. These are peperites and hyaloclastites. Regarding specific structures, mineral composition and micropetrographic characteristics it was possible to further differentiate hyaloclastites into in situ hyaloclastites and slightly resedimented hyaloclastites that represent genetic succession. All rock types occurred in a deep sea troughs that formed as a consequence of Middle Triassic extensional tectonic and rift related wrench faulting. In situ hyaloclastites and slightly resedimented hyaloclastites were formed due to quenching at the contact of lava effusions with sea water. Genesis of peperites is related to lava emplacement in unconsolidated water saturated lime mudstones that were deposited in deep sea basin. All investigated rock types represent first findings of autoclastic deposits in the External Dinarides. Biostratigraphic constraints achieved by means of conodont species Neogondolella excentrica, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella trammeri and Gladigondolella tethydis indicate Late Anisian to Early Ladinian interval of the autoclastic deposits from Bosansko Grahovo.U okolici Bosanskoga Grahova u jugozapadnome dijelu Bosne i Hercegovine (vanjski Dinaridi) istražen je specifičan tip vulkanoklastičnih stijena – autoklastične stijene srednjotrijaske starosti. Izdvojena su dva osnovna tipa autoklastičnih naslaga: peperiti i hijaloklastiti. Geneza peperita povezana je s procesima smještanja lave u nekonsolidirane, vodom zasićene vapnenačke madstone koji imaju karakteristike taloženja u pelagičkome okolišu. S obzirom na specifičnu teksturu, mineralni sastav i mikropetrografske karakteristike hijaloklastiti predstavljaju genetski slijed na opisanome lokalitetu Bosansko Grahovo I, te su podijeljeni na a) in situ hijaloklastite, b) neznatno pretaložene hijaloklastite i c) pretaložene hijaloklastite. In situ hijaloklastiti i neznatno pretaloženi hijaloklastiti nastali su fragmentacijom užarene lave bazaltnoga sastava u doticaju s hladnom morskom vodom, dok pretaloženi hijaloklastiti predstavljaju dominantno vulkanski detritus s kojim je pomiješana mala količina klasta vapnenaca i/ili rožnjaka, te se smatra da je detritus pretaložen nakon fragmentacije, vjerojatno, u blizini primarnih magmatskih izljeva bazaltne lave. Svi tipovi stijena označavaju magmatsku aktivnost u dubokomorskim jarcima formiranim kao posljedica srednjotrijaske ekstenzije i normalnoga rasjedanja asociranoga s procesima nastajanja rifta. Opisane autoklastične stijene prvi su pronalazak autoklastičnih naslaga u vanjskim Dinaridima. Biostratigrafska odredba temeljena na nalazima konodontnih vrsta iz vapnenaca peperita (Neogondolella excentrica, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella trammeri i Gladigondolella tethydis) upućuje na kasnoanizičku do ranoladiničku starost autoklastičnih naslaga Bosanskoga Grahova, a time i na početak vulkanske aktivnosti već u aniziku

The peak-flux of GRB 221009A measured with GRBAlpha

The brightest gamma-ray burst ever observed, long-duration GRB 221009A, was detected by GRBAlpha nano-satellite without saturation. We present light curves of the prompt emission in 13 energy bands, from 80 keV to 950 keV, and perform a spectral analysis to calculate the peak flux and peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity. Since the satellite's attitude information is not available for the time of this GRB, more than 200 incident directions were probed in order to find the median luminosity and its systematic uncertainty. We found that the peak flux in the $80-800$ keV range (observer frame) was $F_{\rm{ph}}^{\rm{p}}=1300_{-200}^{+1200}$ ph cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ or $F_{\rm{erg}}^{\rm{p}}=5.7_{-0.7}^{+3.7}\times10^{-4}$ erg cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ and the fluence in the same energy range of the first GRB episode lasting 300 s, which was observable by GRBAlpha, was $S=2.2_{-0.3}^{+1.4}\times10^{-2}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ or $S^{\rm{bol}}=4.9_{-0.5}^{+0.8}\times10^{-2}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ for the extrapolated range of $0.9-8,690$ keV. We infer the isotropic-equivalent released energy of the first GRB episode to be $E_{\rm{iso}}^{\rm{bol}}=2.8_{-0.5}^{+0.8}\times10^{54}$ erg in the $1-10,000$ keV band (rest frame at $z=0.15$). The peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity in the $92-920$ keV range (rest frame) was $L_{\rm{iso}}^{\rm{p}}=3.7_{-0.5}^{+2.5}\times10^{52}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and the bolometric peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity was $L_{\rm{iso}}^{\rm{p,bol}}=8.4_{-1.5}^{+2.5}\times10^{52}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (4 s scale) in the $1-10,000$ keV range (rest frame). The peak emitted energy is $E_p^\ast=E_p(1+z)=1120\pm470$ keV. Our measurement of $L_{\rm{iso}}^{\rm{p,bol}}$ is consistent with the Yonetoku relation. It is possible that, due to the spectral evolution of this GRB and orientation of GRBAlpha at the peak time, the true values of peak flux, fluence, $L_{\rm{iso}}$, and $E_{\rm{iso}}$ are even higher. [abridged]Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic