Scientific Landscape of Dental Literature in 2018

In the information age, human medical knowledge continues to grow exponentially, leading us to what could be best described as a knowledge tsunami. In 1950, medical knowledge doubled approximately every 50 years, by 1980, it doubled every 7 years, and by 2010, to a mere 3.5 years. Even more startling, in 2020 human medical knowledge will double in a stunning 73 days.[1],[2] Nowadays dental professionals face unprecedented information overload and must somehow manage it. Text mining, network visualization, and big data management techniques will help us to analyze and summarize exponentially growing knowledge in field of dentistry. In an intriguing effort, the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry has implemented a strategy to cope with dental information overload by publishing an annual review of selected scientific literature focused on seven different areas − prosthodontics, periodontics, dental materials, occlusion and temporomandibular disorders, sleep-disordered breathing, oral medicine, and oral and maxillofacial surgery and dental caries.[3] Following our 2017 attempt,[4] in this editorial we aimed to provide a summary of the scientific landscape of 2018 dental literature using mapping approaches and making them both manageable and practically useful for busy dental professionals

Encoding databases satisfying a given set of dependencies

Consider a relation schema with a set of dependency constraints. A fundamental question is what is the minimum space where the possible instances of the schema can be "stored". We study the following model. Encode the instances by giving a function which maps the set of possible instances into the set of words of a given length over the binary alphabet in a decodable way. The problem is to find the minimum length needed. This minimum is called the information content of the database. We investigate several cases where the set of dependency constraints consist of relatively simple sets of functional or multivalued dependencies. We also consider the following natural extension. Is it possible to encode the instances such a way that small changes in the instance cause a small change in the code. © 2012 Springer-Verlag

The Effect of Acupuncture on Pain in Inpatient Medicine

Background: Pain management has become a controversial topic. Opioids, which once held the promise of improving quality of life for millions of Americans, have resulted in an epidemic of addiction. As a result, national organizations are investigating alternative methods to treat pain, including acupuncture. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effect of acupuncture on the general symptom of pain, within the context of the controlled environment of inpatient medicine. Methods: An exhaustive search of MEDLINE-Ovid, CINAHL, and Web of Science was conducted using the search terms acupuncture, inpatient, and pain. Included studies measured pain scores before and after acupuncture treatments in U.S. inpatient medical settings. Additional inclusion criteria were study design (interventional studies, and cohort studies), English language, and publication type (peer-reviewed journals). Studies were excluded if they compared acupuncture treatment to sham, due to controversy surrounding sham. Studies were also excluded if they did not analyze effects of acupuncture separate from other alternative health modalities. Quality of publications were assessed using GRADE criteria. Results: Seven studies were included in this systematic review, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria: two pre-post studies, four cohort studies, and one randomized control trial (RCT). All included studies showed acupuncture significantly reduced immediate pain in an inpatient setting, regardless of the underlying cause of pain. However, overall quality of evidence was low as a result of lack of control groups, lack of blinding, loss to follow up, reporting bias, and small sample size. Conclusion: Every study that met criteria for this review showed data promising for acupuncture’s capacity to decrease pain in an inpatient setting. However, study design flaws limited confidence in the data. Ultimately, further research is needed

The effect of value add tax on economic growth and its sources in developing countries

Today the role of economic growth for its effect on social welfare is undeniable. For this reason, the factors influencing the economic growth are taken into account by policy makers and researchers. On the other hand, the VAT has been considered by most of the countries due to its numerous advantages and benefits. Hence, investigating how this type of tax affects the economic growth seems to be indispensable, particularly in developing countries. In this study, the effect of value added tax on economic growth was examined especially on the developing countries. In details, the effects of VAT on the economic growth of 19 developing countries for duration of 1995 to 2010 were investigated. For analysing the data, the GMM panel was employed because of the structure of the model. Afterwards, the effect of VAT through the channel of saving on the capital accumulation and productivity and ultimately the economic growth was examined. The results revealed that VAT has a negative effect on capital accumulation growth in the level; the positive effect of VAT on the level of economic growth seems to have been imposed through channels other than the increase of saving and its effect on capital accumulation

Composition and verification of formal behaviors

In this thesis, we present a platform and a tool support for formal modeling, automated composition, and formal verification of partial system behaviors defined as Use Case Automata (UCAs). Based on research works [24, 31, 32], the Use case Composition, Modeling and Verification (UCOMV) is presented as tool support for the visual modeling of formal behaviors and their merging through the notion of composition expression. The composition expressions determine the extension points in the use cases where the composition is performed, and the operators for the semantics of the composition. The theory and the tool supports a new incremental approach of building the desired system specification with a formal automated mechanism of composition. In addition, it allows the verification of UCAs over temporal properties defined as part of the system requirements specification using an integrated model verification tool. The UCOMV also provides features on traceability of the requirements, and an XML based schema for the introduction of new operators for UCAs composition

イランにおける自然環境の保全管理に関する生物多様性と社会の共働

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(情報学)甲第17922号情博第504号新制||情||89(附属図書館)30742京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻(主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 吉川 正俊, 准教授 小山 里奈学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of InformaticsKyoto UniversityDGA