Effect of Cola Acuminata and Camellia Sinensis Mixed Extracts on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5M Sulphuric Acid

The corrosion inhibition effect of extracts of kola plant (cola acuminata) and green tea (camellia sinensis) in mixed form on the protection of mild steel specimens immersed in sulphuric acid solution was studied at ambient temperature by gravimetric and potential monitoring methods. The electrode potential monitoring was performed using a digital voltmeter and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode. Extracts of kola plant and green tea in different concentrations and combinations were used as ‘green’ inhibitors. There was significant reduction in the weight loss and in the corrosion rate of the test samples, particularly at the added extracts concentration of 100% and also at the concentrations of 50 and 25%. Some very good inhibitor efficiency values were obtained which suggested good corrosion inhibition performance of the added extracts at the concentrations used. Potential measurement values recorded showed a reduction in active corrosion reactions for all the combinations of the extracts. This behavior was attributed to the protective film provided on the steel’s surface by the complex chemical constituents of the plants extracts. The best corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel was obtained using the combined extracts of kola leaf and green tea at100% concentration. The combination of kola leaf, kola nut and green tea at the same concentration was also effective in corrosion inhibition performanc

Synergistic Effect of Tobacco and Kola Tree Extracts on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acid Chloride

The corrosion inhibition effect of extracts of kola plant and tobacco in mixed form on the protection of mild steel specimens immersed in acid chloride solution was studied at ambient temperature by gravimetric and potential monitoring methods. The electrode potential monitoring was performed using a digital voltmeter and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode. Extracts of kola plant and tobacco in different concentrations and combinations were used as ‘green’ inhibitors. There was significant reduction in the weight loss and in the corrosion rate of the test samples, particularly at the added extracts concentration of 100%. Some very good inhibitor efficiency values were obtained which suggested good corrosion inhibition performance of the added extracts at the concentrations used. Potential measurement values recorded showed in most cases, a reduction in active corrosion reactions for some combinations of the extracts. This behavior was attributed to the protective film provided on the steel’s surface by the complex chemical constituents of the plants extracts. The best corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel was obtained using the combined extracts of kola leaf and tobacco at100% concentration with an inhibitor efficiency of 91.27%. The combination of kola leaf, nut and tobacco at the same concentration was effective at an inhibitor efficiency of 82.78%

Developing a Constructivist Model for Effective Physics Learning

The paper considered developing a constructivist model for effective physics teaching. The model is imperative because of the increasing difficulty in learning physics and the resulting poor academic performance in the subject. The paper reviewed two types of constructivism which are the social and cognitive constructivism. Highlights of correlations between the constructivist learning and the authentic learning were revealed. To applying the model to physics learning, it was argued that constructivist teachers should give serious attention to the prior knowledge of the students. This will determine the mode of teacher instruction. The teacher content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge are central to excellent teaching. The paper concludes that physics teacher should promote student interactions and respect student ideas being the kernel of the constructivist learning. Aina, Jacob Kola "Developing a Constructivist Model for Effective Physics Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 201

STUDIES ON KOLA TISSUE CULTURE I: Protocols for Establishing Kola Tissues in vitro

The micropropagation of Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott and Endlicher by means of tissue culture was investigated to provide baseline infonnation on the requ irements for the survival of kola tissues and organs in vitro. Investigations were conducted on development of sterilization protocols, and medium selection and modification. The best sterilization procedure was established with the step-wise treatment of 70% ethanol, for 20 seconds and 10% (w/v) CaOCl, for I 0 minutes .. The use of modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium (without Zn and Cu elements) as basal medium was found as appropriate as the original MS medium, for explants' survival. The appropriate antioxidant technique was also established with 10mgl-1 ascorbic acid

The Historical Significance and Role of the Kola Nut among the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria

There are many customs and traditions that have effectively given the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria group identity and social cohesion.  And the kola nut is one of those realities. However, it is not only the Igbo that cherish and reverence the kola nut. In fact, kola nut is a  highly prized fruit among the people of West Africa where its importance is seen in the social and religious customs of the people. But the Igbo lay special claim to kola nut and view it as the king of all fruits on earth because of the roles it play; hence, the kola is seen among the Igbo as a symbol of acceptance, cooperation and solidarity. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the historical origin of the kola nut based on the Igbo ancestral myths and the symbolic interpretations of the different lobes of the Cola acuminata. The study will also investigate the significance and functions of the kola nut and how the influence of modernization is eroding its traditional values. The study is basically qualitative. It utilized existing literature on kola nut with oral sources in order to enhance our knowledge on kola nut. The study’s findings reveal that kola nut consumption and functions are part of Africa’s indigenous traditions that survived colonial intrusion, although the influence of modernization is greatly threatening the ritual functions and the traditional values. The study, thus, concludes by recommending that the Igbo should restore the significance and values of the kola nut by planting more kola nut trees in order to increase its availability and affordability as a source of hospitality and acceptance. Again, the Igbo communities and leaders should create a  platform where the origin, significance and values of the kola nut must be taught and passed from generation to generation

The socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides in Ireland from 1980 to 2005

This paper provides a comparison of the socio-demographic profile of hanging suicides and suicides by other means in Ireland from January 1st 1980 to December 31st 2005. Data on 9674 suicides occurring in that time frame was provided by the Central Statistics Office of Ireland (CSO). 4031 (42%) of these deaths involved suicide by ‘hanging, suffocation or strangulation’ (HSS), with the remainder being suicides by other means. Binary logistic regressions were used to examine six potential risk factors for suicide across the two groups: Gender, marital status, employment in the agricultural sectors, residential location (urban/rural) and age were entered in Block 1 of the analysis, with year of death (pre 1994 vs. post 1994) added in a second block. Results indicate that those dying through hangings were statistically more likely to be male (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.8–3.5), single (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2–1.4), rural-dwelling (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.2), agri-employed (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1–1.4) and to have died since 1994 (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 2.1–2.5). The magnitude of the group effect was moderate for all but the gender and time period comparisons. Hanging suicide victims (m = 37.7, sd = 16.7) were also significantly younger than other suicide victims (mean = 42.72, sd = 16.7), although the size of the effect was small (r = .16). Overall the six variables explained 6% of the variance in the criterion variable

PLANTS EXTRACTS CORROSION INHIBITION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY IN H2SO4

Effects of tobacco (Nicotiana) and Kola tree (Cola acuminata) extracts on the corrosion inhibition of an aluminium alloy 2S (1200) grade specimens immersed in 0.5M sulphuric acid was investigated at ambient temperature by gravimetric and metallographic methods. Extracts of kola plant and tobacco in different concentrations were used as ‘green’ inhibitors. This paper reports the results obtained from the weight loss method, calculated corrosion rates, inhibitor efficiencies and the optical microscopy metallographic observations. Addition of different concentrations of the plants extracts gave clear reduction in weight loss and in the corrosion rate of the test samples. This apparent corrosion inhibition was associated with the protective film provided on the aluminium alloy’s surface by the complex chemical constituents of the plants extracts

Antioxidant potential of gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) as an alternative to antihyperglycemic herbal drinks

This study aims to determine the antihyperglycemic potential of Gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban as an alternative herbal drink in diabetic male white mice. This study was divided into four stages: extracting Gotu kola leaves using 96% ethanol as solvent, phytochemical screening, and testing antihyperglycemic activity. Male white mice were made diabetic by alloxan-induced. Mice were divided into five groups consisting of negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Glibenclamide 13 mg/Kg BW), dose 1 (200 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW), dose 2 (400 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW), dose 2 (400 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW), 3 (600 mg Gotu kola extract/kg BW). The results of phytochemical screening showed that the Gotu kola leaf extract was positive for flavonoids and tannins. The analysis results on the Gotu kola leaf extract showed an IC50 value of 80.58 ppm, including strong antioxidant activity. The results of the antihyperglycemic activity test showed that diabetic male white mice were found to have decreased blood sugar levels on days 14 and 21 by respectively 24.3% and 41.6%; 25.4% and 42.3%; 37.8% and 55.3% after administration of Gotu kola leaf extract at P1, P2, and P3