507 research outputs found
Short-run Economic Assessment of the Transportation Recovery Policy After an Earthquake
This paper develops a short-run economic damage assessment model. The model contains two sub models. One is the conventional traffic assignment model, which calculates traveling time under the damaged transportation infrastructure. The other is the economic damage assessment model, which determines the decrease in production level in the short run. This method facilitates the identification of critical infrastructure that could reduce the economic damage when the disaster occurs. As a case study, we applied this model to several recovery plans for transport facilities. The results suggest that the proposed comprehensive model should be considered as a prevention plan
Do Uric Acid Deposits in Zooxanthellae Function as Eye-Spots?
The symbiosis between zooxanthellae (dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium) and corals is a fundamental basis of tropical marine ecosystems. However the physiological interactions of the hosts and symbionts are poorly understood. Recently, intracellular crystalline deposits in Symbiodinium were revealed to be uric acid functioning for nutrient storage. This is the first exploration of these enigmatic crystalline materials that had previously been misidentified as oxalic acid, providing new insights into the nutritional strategies of Symbiodinium in oligotrophic tropical waters. However, we believe these deposits also function as eye-spots on the basis of light and electron microscopic observations of motile cells of cultured Symbiodinium. The cells possessed crystalline deposit clusters in rows with each row 100â150 nm thick corresponding to 1/4 the wavelength of light and making them suitable for maximum wave interference and reflection of light. Crystalline clusters in cells observed with a light microscope strongly refracted and polarized light, and reflected or absorbed short wavelength light. The facts that purines, including uric acid, have been identified as the main constituents of light reflectors in many organisms, and that the photoreceptor protein, opsin, was detected in our Symbiodinium strain, support the idea that uric acid deposits in Symbiodinium motile cells may function as a component of an eye-spot
STUDIES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EPILACHNID BEETLES IN GUMMA PREFECTURE, JAPAN
The authors have studied the distribution of the Epilachnid beetles in Gumma-pref. since 1956, and the following results are obtained as summary. 1. Epilachna sparsa is recognized to be distributed to some extent at the southern plain places of Gumma-pref. such as Tomioka, Takasaki, Maebashi, Ogomachi, Isezaki, Ota, Tatebayashi, Kasakakemura and their neighbors, where the altitude is less than 150m (Fig. 1). At these places sparsa lives intermingled with 28-maculata. 2. At the higher places with 150ïœ300m altitude such as Shibukawa, Onogami, Yoshioka, Misato, Akagimura, Hokkitsumura, Komochimura and their neighbors (Fig. 1), sparsa tends to live being segregated from 28-maculata in the same farm. 3. The species feeds usually on the Solanaceous plants, among which ground cherry is the best host plant. The number of the generation is generally two but rarely three. 4. E. 28-maculata is the species having the widest distribution in Gumma-pref. (Fig. 1) and we can see it everywhere, potatoes, egg-plants and tomatoes are planted, with exception of one place near Ozegahara. The highest limit of the distribution may be 1300m. 5. The host plant of 28-maculata is the Solanaceous plants with the exception of ground cherry and redpepper, on which the larvae cannot grow. The number of the generation is one but very rarely may be two. 6. Ea pustulosa inhabits mainly at the northern places of Gumma-pref. such as Anabara, Hikagenango, Neri, Akagizawabashi, Tokusa, Kashozan, Akakura, Doai, Fujiwara, Uenohara, Sugenuma, H6shi and Omineyama. All these places are located along the Tone River system with more than 600m altitude and have heavy snowfall (Fig. 1). However, pustulosa is also found at Sebayashi of Tano-gun in the southwest Gumma. 7. The true host plant of pustulosa is the thistle (Cirsium nipponicum (MAXIM.) MAKINO var. incomptum (FR. et SAV.) KITAM. belonging to Compositae in Gumma-pref., but the beetle eats sometimes the Solanaceous plants espe-cially potato-plant. With an exceptional case the authors observed that the adults were attacking burdock leaves. 8. The distribution of sparsa is expanding northwardly year after year in Kanto District and the northern limit of the distribution runs along the line denoted in Fig. 3 and 4 at present. 9. This phenomenon is not only noticeable for ecological problem, but also very important for agriculture because the beetle probably gives a fear of attacking the Solanaceous vegetables as a new pest in the new habitats.ArticleJournal of the Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University. Ser. A, Biology 13: 1-23(1964)departmental bulletin pape
Functional Evaluation of Bubble CPAP for Neonates Using a Leak Model
Article俥ć·ć»ćŠéèȘ 61(2):65-73(2013)journal articl
RegionĂĄlis fejlesztĂ©spolitikai hatĂĄselemzĂ©s tĂ©rbeli szĂĄmĂthatĂł ĂĄltalĂĄnos egyensĂșlyi modellel: a Gmr-MagyarorszĂĄg SCGE modellje
A tĂ©rbeli szĂĄmĂthatĂł ĂĄltalĂĄnos egyensĂșlyi (SCGE) modellek az Ășj gazdasĂĄgföldrajz (ĂGF) âempirikus megfelelĂ”iâ. SzemlĂ©leti-mĂłdszertani gyökereiket tehĂĄt az Ășj gazdasĂĄgföldrajzi Ă©s a szĂĄmĂthatĂł ĂĄltalĂĄnos egyensĂșlyi (CGE) modellekben talĂĄljuk meg. TanulmĂĄnyunkban a Nemzeti FejlesztĂ©si ĂgynöksĂ©g rĂ©szĂ©re az Ăj MagyarorszĂĄg FejlesztĂ©si Terv hatĂĄselemzĂ©sĂ©re kidolgozott GMR-MagyarorszĂĄg modell-rendszerbe Ă©pĂtett SCGE modellt ismertetjĂŒk, valamint egy szimulĂĄciĂłval illusztrĂĄljuk a modell hasznĂĄlatĂĄt.SCGE modelling, computable general equilibrium models, new economic geography, GMR-Hungary
Household Water Consumption Model and Its Application for Evaluation of Emergency Water Supply Measures under Suspension of Water Supply
Laboratory-based X-ray phase-imaging scanner using Talbot-Lau interferometer for non-destructive testing
An X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer scanning setup consisting of three transmission gratings, a laboratory-based X-ray source that emits X-rays vertically, and an image detector on the top has been developed for the application of X-ray phase imaging to moving objects that cannot be tested clearly with conventional absorption contrast. The grating-based X-ray phase imaging method usually employs a phase-stepping (or fringe-scanning) technique by displacing one of the gratings step-by-step while the object stays still. Since this approach is not compatible with a scanner-type application for moving objects, we have developed a new algorithm for achieving the function of phase-stepping without grating displacement. By analyzing the movie of the moirĂ© pattern as the object moves across the field of view, we obtain the absorption, differential phase, and visibility images. The feasibility of the X-ray phase imaging scanner has been successfully demonstrated for a long sample moving at 5âmm/s. This achievement is a breakthrough for the practical industrial application of X-ray phase imaging for screening objects carried on belt-conveyers such as those in factories
Constraint-aware Policy for Compliant Manipulation
Robot manipulation in a physically-constrained environment requires compliant
manipulation. Compliant manipulation is a manipulation skill to adjust hand
motion based on the force imposed by the environment. Recently, reinforcement
learning (RL) has been applied to solve household operations involving
compliant manipulation. However, previous RL methods have primarily focused on
designing a policy for a specific operation that limits their applicability and
requires separate training for every new operation. We propose a
constraint-aware policy that is applicable to various unseen manipulations by
grouping several manipulations together based on the type of physical
constraint involved. The type of physical constraint determines the
characteristic of the imposed force direction; thus, a generalized policy is
trained in the environment and reward designed on the basis of this
characteristic. This paper focuses on two types of physical constraints:
prismatic and revolute joints. Experiments demonstrated that the same policy
could successfully execute various compliant-manipulation operations, both in
the simulation and reality. We believe this study is the first step toward
realizing a generalized household-robot
Nanoscale elasticity measurement with in situ tip shape estimation in atomic force microscpoy
Evaluating the performance of Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 platform with 400 Japanese individuals
- âŠ