Wino Dark Matter and Future dSph Observations

We discuss the indirect detection of the wino dark matter utilizing gamma-ray observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs). After carefully reviewing current limits with particular attention to astrophysical uncertainties, we show prospects of the wino mass limit in future gamma-ray observation by the Fermi-LAT and the GAMMA-400 telescopes. We find that the improvement of the so-called $J$-factor of both the classical and the ultra-faint dSphs will play a crucial role to cover whole mass range of the wino dark matter. For example, with $\delta (\log_{10}J) = 0.1$ for both the classical and the ultra-faint dSphs, whole wino dark matter mass range can be covered by 15 years and 10 years data at the Fermi-LAT and GAMMA-400 telescopes, respectively.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figure

BRAKING FORCES DURING BICYCLE PEDALING: AN EXAMINATION OF THE FULL CRANK ROTATION

Pedalling skills are evaluated using angular impluse of negative crank torque (INCT) that occurs in pulling phase (180-360° of crank rotation that 0° is top dead center. INCT has the effect of inhibit crank rotation (“braking force“). The aim of study was to obtain findings to reduce INCT for improving cyclists\u27 pedalling skills. We examined the relationship between INCT and kinetic pedalling data through the full crank rotation. Fifteen male cyclists performed constant pedalling at 80%Vo2max and 90rpm. Kinetic and kinematic pedalling data were measured by the pedal-shaped force platform (KISTLER) and by a 3D motion capture system (VICON). A negative correlation was indicated 80-250° of crank rotation between horizontal pedal force (Fh) and INCT (pNCT occurring in pulling phase was affected by amount of Fh in pushing phase

オンラインプラットフォームの経営研究 : ユーザー参加の価値創造メカニズムの解明

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 馬場 靖憲, 東京大学教授 中邑 賢龍, 東京大学教授 新谷 元嗣, 東京大学教授 田中 久美子, 東京大学准教授 西野 成昭University of Tokyo(東京大学

Origin of an Orbiting Star Around the Galactic Supermassive Black Hole

The tremendous tidal force that is linked to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of our galaxy is expected to strongly subdue star formation in its vicinity. Stars within 1" from the SMBH thus likely formed further from the SMBH and migrated to their current positions. In this study, spectroscopic observations of the star S0-6/S10, one of the closest (projected distance from the SMBH of about 0.3") late-type stars were conducted. Using metal absorption lines in the spectra of S0-6, the radial velocity of S0-6 from 2014 to 2021 was measured, and a marginal acceleration was detected, which indicated that S0-6 is close to the SMBH. The S0-6 spectra were employed to determine its stellar parameters including temperature, chemical abundances ([M/H], [Fe/H], [alpha/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Ti/Fe]), and age. As suggested by the results of this study, S0-6 is very old (> ~10 Gyr) and has an origin different from that of stars born in the central pc region.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Ser. B, Physical and Biological Science

Association between shelter crowding and incidence of sleep disturbance among disaster evacuees: a retrospective medical chart review study

Objectives: We determined whether crowding at emergency shelters is associated with a higher incidence of sleep disturbance among disaster evacuees and identified the minimum required personal space at shelters. Design: Retrospective review of medical charts. Setting: 30 shelter-based medical clinics in Ishinomaki, Japan, during the 46 days following the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011. Participants: Shelter residents who visited eligible clinics. Outcome measures Based on the result of a locally weighted scatter-plot smoothing technique assessing the relationship between the mean space per evacuee and cumulative incidence of sleep disturbance at the shelter, eligible shelters were classified into crowded and non-crowded shelters. The cumulative incidence per 1000 evacuees was compared between groups, using a Mann-Whitney U test. To assess the association between shelter crowding and the daily incidence of sleep disturbance per 1000 evacuees, quasi–least squares method adjusting for potential confounders was used. Results: The 30 shelters were categorised as crowded (mean space per evacuee <5.0 m2, 9 shelters) or non-crowded (≥5.0 m2, 21 shelters). The study included 9031 patients. Among the eligible patients, 1079 patients (11.9%) were diagnosed with sleep disturbance. Mean space per evacuee during the study period was 3.3 m2 (SD, 0.8 m2) at crowded shelters and 8.6 m2 (SD, 4.3 m2) at non-crowded shelters. The median cumulative incidence of sleep disturbance did not differ between the crowded shelters (2.3/1000 person-days (IQR, 1.6–5.4)) and non-crowded shelters (1.9/1000 person-days (IQR, 1.0–2.8); p=0.20). In contrast, after adjusting for potential confounders, crowded shelters had an increased daily incidence of sleep disturbance (2.6 per 1000 person-days; 95% CI 0.2 to 5.0/1000 person-days, p=0.03) compared to that at non-crowded shelters. Conclusions: Crowding at shelters may exacerbate sleep disruptions in disaster evacuees; therefore, appropriate evacuation space requirements should be considered

Subaru and Gemini High Spatial Resolution Infrared 18 Micron Imaging Observations of Nearby Luminous Infrared Galaxies

We present the results of a ground-based, high spatial resolution infrared 18 micron imaging study of nearby luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), using the Subaru 8.2-m and Gemini South 8.1-m telescopes. The diffraction-limited images routinely achieved with these telescopes in the Q-band (17-23 micron) allow us to investigate the detailed spatial distribution of infrared emission in these LIRGs. We then investigate whether the emission surface brightnesses are modest, as observed in starbursts, or are so high that luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs; high emission surface brightness energy sources) are indicated. The sample consists of 18 luminous buried AGN candidates and starburst-classified LIRGs identified in earlier infrared spectroscopy. We find that the infrared 18 micron emission from the buried AGN candidates is generally compact, and the estimated emission surface brightnesses are high, sometimes exceeding the maximum value observed in and theoretically predicted for a starburst phenomenon. The starburst-classified LIRGs usually display spatially extended 18 micron emission and the estimated emission surface brightnesses are modest, within the range sustained by a starburst phenomenon. The general agreement between infrared spectroscopic and imaging energy diagnostic methods suggests that both are useful tools for understanding the hidden energy sources of the dusty LIRG population.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in AJ (No. 141, 2011 May issue). Higher resolution version is available at http://optik2.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~imanishi/Paper/20um/20um.pd

Recurring radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast that was treated with paclitaxel chemotherapy: a case report

Background Angiosarcoma of the breast is very rare and can be divided into primary and secondary angiosarcoma. Radiation-induced angiosarcoma (RIAS) is classified as secondary angiosarcoma. Diagnosis of RIAS is difficult due to its rarity, and the interpretation of pathological imaging is complicated. In the National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) guidelines, the first choice of treatment is surgery with negative margins. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for close soft tissue margins should be considered. Preoperative or adjuvant chemotherapy of nonmetastatic disease is not recommended for angiosarcoma. We report a case of RIAS, which was impossible to diagnose with core needle biopsy (CNB) but was diagnosed by excisional biopsy. The patient was then administered adjuvant chemotherapy using conjugated paclitaxel (PTX). Case presentation A 62-year-old woman noticed a tumor in her right breast. She had a history of right breast cancer and had undergone breast-conserving surgery, RT, and tamoxifen therapy 8 years previously. CNB, which was performed twice, was inconclusive. The tumor was surgically excised and pathological analysis yielded a diagnosis of angiosarcoma. She then underwent a right mastectomy. One month after she underwent right mastectomy, a nodule reappeared on the skin of her right breast, and excisional biopsy revealed recurrence of angiosarcoma. A few weeks later another nodule reappeared near the post-operative scar and excisional biopsy revealed recurrence of angiosarcoma. We assumed that surgical therapy was insufficient because the patient experienced relapse of angiosarcoma after complete mastectomy. After the second recurrence, we treated her with systemic chemotherapy using PTX. There was no evidence of recurrence 8 months after chemotherapy. Conclusion Although angiosarcoma is difficult to diagnose, many patients have a poor prognosis. Therefore, prompt treatment intervention is desired. Moreover, there is little evidence regarding adjuvant therapy of angiosarcoma since it is a rare disease. We consider that adjuvant therapy helped to effectively prevent recurrence in the patient after complete excision

The Clinical Application of Hydrogen as a Medical Treatment

In recent years, it has become evident that molecular hydrogen is a particularyl effective treatment for various disease models such as ischemia-reperfusion injury; as a result, research on hydrogen has progressed rapidly. Hydrogen has been shown to be effective not only through intake as a gas, but also as a liquid medication taken orally, intravenously, or locally. Hydrogenʼs effectiveness is thus multifaceted. Herein we review the recent research on hydrogen-rich water, and we examine the possibilities for its clinical application. Now that hydrogen is in the limelight as a gaseous signaling molecule due to its potential ability to inhibit oxidative stress signaling, new research developments are highly anticipated