805 research outputs found
Hadron Electric Dipole Moments from CP-Odd Operators of Dimension Five Via QCD Sum Rules: The Vector Meson
We present a complete analysis of the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the
\rho-meson induced by CP violating operators of dimension 4 and 5 within the
QCD sum rules approach. The set of CP-odd operators includes the theta term and
the electric and chromoelectric dipole moments of the three light quarks. We
find that the \rho-meson EDM induced purely by the EDMs of quarks is smaller,
but still in reasonable agreement, with the predictions of a naive constituent
quark model. However, the chromoelectric dipole moments, including that of the
strange quark, give comparable and sometimes larger contributions. We also
consider the effect on the hadronic EDM of the existence of Peccei-Quinn
symmetry. When this symmetry is active, chromoelectric dipole moments induce a
linear term in the axion potential which leads to a numerically important
vacuum contribution to the hadronic EDM.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur
The Theta Term in QCD Sum Rules and the Electric Dipole Moment of the Vector Meson
We demonstrate that the QCD sum rule method can be successfully applied to
the calculation of CP-odd electromagnetic observables induced by a vacuum
theta--angle. We implement the approach in calculating the electric dipole
moment of the rho meson to ~30% precision, and find that the result can also be
explicitly related to the vacuum topological susceptibility.Comment: 16 pages, RevTeX: a sign corrected and other minor changes, to appear
in Nucl. Phys.
Core Competencies for Integrative Medicine Fellowship Training Programs
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140347/1/acm.2014.5258.abstract.pd
Medical students’ and doctors’ attitudes towards older patients and their care in hospital settings: a conceptualisation
Background: despite assertions in reports from governmental and charitable bodies that negative staff attitudes towards older patients may contribute to inequitable healthcare provision for older patients when compared with younger patients (those aged under 65 years), the research literature does not describe these attitudes in any detail.
Objective: this study explored and conceptualised attitudes towards older patients using in-depth interviews.
Methods: twenty-five semi-structured interviews with medical students and hospital-based doctors in a UK acute teaching hospital were conducted. Participants were asked about their beliefs, emotions and behavioural tendencies towards older patients, in line with the psychological literature on the definition of attitudes (affective, cognitive and behavioural information). Data were analysed thematically.
Results: attitudes towards older patients and their care could be conceptualised under the headings: (i) beliefs about older patients; (ii) older patients’ unique needs and the skills required to care for them and (iii) emotions and satisfaction with caring for older patients.
Conclusions: our findings outlined common beliefs and stereotypes specific to older patients, as opposed to older people in general. Older patients had unique needs concerning their healthcare. Participants typically described negative emotions about caring for older patients, but the sources of dissatisfaction largely related to the organisational setting and system in which the care is delivered to these patients. This study marks one of the first in-depth attempts to explore attitudes towards older patients in UK hospital settings
Factors related to medical students’ and doctors’ attitudes towards older patients: A systematic review
Background:Studies have sought to identify the possible determinants of medical students’ and doctors’ attitudes towards older patients by examining relationships with a variety of factors: demographic; educational/training; exposure to older people; personality/cognitive; and job/career factors. This review collates and synthesises these findings.
Methods: An electronic search of ten databases was performed (ABI/Inform, ASSIA, British Nursing Index, CINAHL, Informa Health, Medline, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science) through to 7 February 2017.
Results: The main search identified 2332 articles; 37 studies met the eligibility criteria set. All included studies analysed self-reported attitudes based on correlational analyses or difference testing, therefore causation could not be determined. However, self-reported positive attitudes towards older patients were related to: (i) intrinsic motivation for studying medicine; (ii) increased preference for working with older patients; and (iii) good previous relationships with older people. Additionally, more positive attitudes were also reported in those with higher knowledge scores but these may relate to the use of a knowledge assessment which is an indirect measure of attitudes (i.e. Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quizzes). Four out of the five high quality studies included in this review reported more positive attitudes in females compared to males.
Conclusion:This paper identifies factors associated with medical students’ and doctors’ positive attitudes towards older patients. Future research could bring greater clarity to the relationship between knowledge and attitudes by using a knowledge measure which is distinct from attitudes and also measures knowledge that is relevant to clinical care
Instantons at Strong Coupling, Averaging over Vacua, and the Gluino Condensate
We consider instanton contributions to chiral correlators, such as <0| Tr
\lambda^2 (x) Tr \lambda^2(x') |0>, in N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
with either light adjoint or fundamental matter. Within the former model,
extraction of the gluino condensate from a connected 1-instanton diagram,
evaluated at strong coupling, can be contrasted with expectations from the
Seiberg-Witten solution perturbed to an N=1 vacuum. We observe a numerical
discrepancy, coinciding with that observed previously in N=1 SQCD. Moreover,
since knowledge of the vacuum structure is complete for softly broken N=2
Yang-Mills, this model serves as a counterexample to the hypothesis of Amati et
al. that 1-instanton calculations at strong coupling can be interpreted as
averaging over vacua. Within N=1 SQCD, we point out that the connected
contribution to the relevant correlators actually vanishes in the weakly
coupled Higgs phase, despite having a nonzero value through infra-red effects
when calculated in the unbroken phase.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX; minor additions, to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Theta Vacua, QCD Sum Rules, and the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment
We present a detailed study of the electric dipole moment of the neutron
induced by a vacuum theta angle within the framework of QCD sum rules. At
next-to-next-to leading order in the operator product expansion, we find the
result d_n(\theta) = 2.4 x 10^{-16} \theta e cm, to approximately 40%
precision. With the current experimental bound this translates into a limit on
the theta parameter of |\theta| < 3 x 10^{-10}. We compare this result with the
long-standing estimates obtained within chiral perturbation theory, and observe
a numerical similarity, but also significant differences in the source of the
dominant contribution.Comment: 23 pages, latex; v3: references added; v4: missing overall factor of
two reinstate
Neutron EDM from Electric and Chromoelectric Dipole Moments of Quarks
Using QCD sum rules, we calculate the electric dipole moment of the neutron
d_n induced by all CP violating operators up to dimension five. We find that
the chromoelectric dipole moments of quarks \tilde d_i, including that of the
strange quark, provide significant contributions comparable in magnitude to
those induced by the quark electric dipole moments d_i. When the theta term is
removed via the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, the strange quark contribution is also
suppressed and d_n =(1\pm 0.5)[1.1e(\tilde d_d + 0.5\tilde
d_u)+1.4(d_d-0.25d_u)].Comment: 4 pages, revtex, v2: missing overall factor of two reinstate
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