20 research outputs found
Inventaire de lâentomofaune et Lutte Chimique Contre les Ravageurs de Lippia Multiflora (Verbenaceae) au Sud de la CĂŽte DâIvoire
Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae), communément appelé thé de savane, est une plante que l’on rencontre spontanément en zone de savane. Elle possède des vertus médicinales et est utilisée comme pesticide. Des études menées, en vue de sa domestication en zone forestière, ont montré qu’il est impérieux de faire l’inventaire des insectes rencontrés dans cette nouvelle zone de culture. Il s’agit également de distinguer ceux qui sont nuisibles en vue de développer des stratégies de lutte. L’identification a été effectuée, à la fois sur les ravageurs hypogés observés lors des fouilles aux pieds des plants, et les ravageurs épigés causant d’importants dégâts sur les tiges et les feuilles. Ensuite, chaque parcelle élémentaire a été traitée, à dose constante, avec un insecticide (cyperméthrine) tous les 7, 14 et 18 j. Une sous parcelle n’ayant reçu aucun traitement chimique a servi de témoin. Pour évaluer l’impact du produit sur les ravageurs, des observations ont été effectuées sur chaque plant. Les feuilles endommagées et les plants morts ont été notés. Les résultats ont montré une différence hautement significative entre les sous parcelles traitées et le témoin. Mais, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre la fréquence des traitements. De même, le traitement chimique n’a eu aucun effet sur les ravageurs hypogés. Les Coléoptères ont semblé être les plus redoutables de tous les insectes épigés. Enfin, la réussite de la domestication de la plante en zone humide, nécessite un traitement chimique du sol avant repiquage.Mots clés : Lippia multiflora, dégâts, entomofaune, zone humide, cyperméthrine, Côte d’IvoireLippia multiflora (Verbenaceae), commonly referred to as savannah tea, is a plant which grows spontaneously in the savannah zone. It has good medicinal properties and is used as a pesticide. Studies were undertaken for its domestication in forest zones south of the country. For a successful domestication of the plant, it is important to make an inventory of the insects dwelling in these zones. The study also aims to distinguish between insect species capable of attacking the plants and hence devise plant protection strategies. Surveys were undertaken in order to identify both hypogean and epigean ravagers that feed on plant parts. Each subplot was treated using the same rate of cypermethrine as an insecticide, at 7, 14 and 18-day intervals. One subplot, which did not receive any chemical treatment, was used as the control. The assessment of treatment effects of insect damage caused to leaves and plants were observed. Results show a highly significant difference between the subplots and the control. However, no significant difference was observed between treatments intervals. Furthermore, the chemical treatment had no effect on the hypogean ravagers. Hence, it can be concluded that, the coleopterans seem to be the most redoubtable of the epigean insects. The success of Lippia multiflora domestication requires that the soil undergo a chemical treatment before any plantation.Key words : Lippia multiflora, insect damage, entomofauna, wetland, cypermethrine, Côte d’Ivoire
MobilitĂ© relative des mĂ©taux lourds issus de la dĂ©charge dâAkouĂ©do et risque de contamination de la nappe du Continental Terminall (Abidjan - CĂŽte dâIvoire)
Relative mobility of heavy metals resulting from Akouédo landfill and assessment of Continental Terminal groundwater contamination risk(Abidjan-CÎte d'Ivoire)The aim of this study is to know the geochemical mechanisms which control the vertical migration of heavy metals and to evaluate the risk of the Continental Terminal groundwater contamination resulting from Akouedo landfill. The chemical analyses of 56 samples showed that the soil of Akouedo landfill is rich in Cu (20-369.7 ppm), Fe (850-12500 ppm), Zn (18.6-1163.7 ppm), Pb (10.3-1450 ppm), Cd (1-11.5 ppm) and Cr (27.7-125ppm). Adsorption, principal geochemical mechanism in the soil, allows the retention of the majority of metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd) on the organic matter (NTK and Corg) very abundant in the surface layers and on the clayed layers. But chromium is not much adsorbed and migrates more towards the deep layers. Cr is thus able to reach the groundwater easily and to cause a contamination of this one
Effets de scenarios de changements climatiques sur la cacaoculture en Cote dâIvoire
Lâinfluence des scenarios de changements climatiques a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e pour les rĂ©gions Centre et Sud de production cacaoyĂšre en CĂŽte dâIvoire. A partir des modĂšles RCP 4.5 et 8.5 de concentration des Gaz Ă Effets de Serre (GES), les paramĂštres tempĂ©rature et pluviomĂ©trie ont Ă©tĂ© projetĂ©s sur les horizons 2021-2050 et 2041-2070 en comparaison Ă la pĂ©riode de rĂ©fĂ©rence 1980-2010. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© quâen dehors du nombre Ă©levĂ© de jours chauds qui pourrait provoquer la disparition de la cacaoculture dans les zones marginales de la rĂ©gion Centre, les indices climatiques se situent dans des conditions normales de production du cacaoyer dans les deux rĂ©gions. Les risques liĂ©s aux maladies et ravageurs pourraient ĂȘtre similaires ou potentiellement rĂ©duits. En rĂ©gion Sud, les variations climatiques nâauraient aucun impact sur la cacaoculture. Comme stratĂ©gies de rĂ©silience, les programmes de sĂ©lection variĂ©tale devront mettre Ă la disposition des producteurs un matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal tolĂ©rant Ă la sĂ©cheresse et aux maladies accompagnĂ©e de formations sur les bonnes pratiques agricoles dont lâagroforesterie. Toutefois, lâaccĂšs des producteurs Ă lâinformation mĂ©tĂ©orologique devra ĂȘtre renforcĂ©.
English title: Climate change effects in cocoa cultivation
Abstract
The influence of climate change scenarios was analyzed for the Center and South regions of cocoa farming in CĂŽte dâIvoire. From greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration models RCP 4.5 and 8.5, the parameters of temperature and rainfall were projected over the time in years 2021-2050 and 2041- 2070 compared to year 1980-2010 as reference period. The results showed that apart from the high number of hot days which could cause the disappearance of cocoa farming in marginal areas of the Center region, the climatic indices are normal within cocoa production conditions in both regions. Risks on cocoa pests and disease could be similar or potentially reduced. In the South region, climatic variations would have no impact on cocoa farming. As resilience adaptation strategies, tolerant germplasm to drought and pest and disease should be provided to farmers by cocoa research program with training package on good agricultural practices (GAP) including agroforestry. Therefore, theaccess to meteorological information has to be strengthened for smallholders cocoa farmers.
Key words: Climate change scenarios, impact, cocoa farming, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Incidence de la densitĂ© de plantation sur la croissance et le rendement du bananier plantain en CĂŽte dâIvoire : cas de deux hybrides (PITA 3 et FHIA 21) et deux variĂ©tĂ©s locales (Corne 1 et Orishele)
La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© entreprise pour dĂ©terminer la densitĂ© de plantation susceptible de permettre un rendement optimum des variĂ©tĂ©s (Corne 1 et Orishele) et des hybrides (PITA 3 et FHIA 21). Lâeffet de trois densitĂ©s de plantation (1667 ; 2000 et 2500 plants.ha-1), a Ă©tĂ© testĂ© dans un dispositif expĂ©rimental de blocs complets randomisĂ©s Ă quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions. Les paramĂštres de croissance et de dĂ©veloppement observĂ©s, ont Ă©tĂ© peu affectĂ©s par la densitĂ© de plantation. Le cycle de production des bananiers Corne 1 a Ă©tĂ© allongĂ© de 9 jours avec lâaugmentation de la densitĂ©. Concernant les caractĂ©ristiques des doigts, aucun effet significatif nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©. Le plus grand poids moyen des rĂ©gimes, 8,1 et 11,3 kg pour Corne1 et Orishele et 16 kg pour les hybrides, a Ă©tĂ© obtenu Ă la densitĂ© de 1667 plants.ha-1. Le plus haut rendement, Corne 1 (19,2 t.ha-1), Orishele (23,2 t.ha-1), PITA 3 (35,6 t.ha-1) et FHIA 21 (38,1 t.ha-1), a Ă©tĂ© obtenu Ă Â la densitĂ© de 2500 plants.ha-1. La densitĂ© de 2500 plants. ha-1 pourrait donc ĂȘtre recommandĂ©e pour accroĂźtre la productivitĂ© des variĂ©tĂ©s et des hybrides Ă©tudiĂ©s dans les conditions de lâessai.Mots clĂ©s: bananier plantain, densitĂ© de plantation, croissance, rendement, CĂŽte dâIvoireEnglish Title:  Effect of planting density on growth and yield of plantain in CĂŽte dâIvoire : case of two hybrids (PITA 3 and FHIA 21) and two local varieties (Corne 1 and Orishele)English AbstractThe present study was under taken to determine the planting density may allow optimum performance of varieties (Corne 1 and Orishele) and hybrids (PITA 3 and FHIA 21). The effect of three planting densities (1667, 2000 and 2500 plants.ha-1), was tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Observed growth and development parameters were little affected by planting density. The crop cycle has been lengthened significantly 9 days, in plantain Corne 1, planted at adensity of 2500 plants.ha-1 compared to the density 1667 plants.ha-1. On characteristics of the fingers, no significant effect was observed. The highest bunch weight, 8.1 and 11.3 kg with Corne 1 and Orishele, and 16 kg with the hybrids, was obtained at lower density.The highest yield was obtained at a density of 2500 plants.ha-1.19.2 and 23.2 t.ha-1 were obtained with Corne 1 and Orishele ; 35.6 and 38.1 t.ha-1 with PITA 3 et FHIA 21. The density of 2500 plants.ha-1 could be recommended to increase the productivity of varieties and hybrids studied under the conditions of the test.Keywords: plantain, planting density, growth, yield, CĂŽte dâIvoir
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Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones
The regional climate as it is now and in the future will put pressure on investments in sub-Saharan Africa in water resource management, fisheries, and other crop and livestock production systems. Changes in oceanic characteristics across the Atlantic Ocean will result in remarkable vulnerability of coastal ecology, littorals, and mangroves in the middle of the twenty-first century and beyond. In line with the countries' objectives of creating a green economy that allows reduced greenhouse gas emissions, improved resource efficiency, and prevention of biodiversity loss, we identify the most pressing needs for adaptation and the best adaptation choices that are also clean and affordable. According to empirical data from the field and customized model simulation designs, the cost of these adaptation measures will likely decrease and benefit sustainable green growth in agriculture, water resource management, and coastal ecosystems, as hydroclimatic hazards such as pluviometric and thermal extremes become more common in West Africa. Most of these adaptation options are local and need to be scaled up and operationalized for sustainable development. Governmental sovereign wealth funds, investments from the private sector, and funding from global climate funds can be used to operationalize these adaptation measures. Effective legislation, knowledge transfer, and pertinent collaborations are necessary for their success
Origines et modĂ©lisation de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux du Quaternaire dâAbidjan (Sud de la CĂŽte dâIvoire)
Les eaux de 61 puits au sud du District dâAbidjan ont Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©es afin de connaĂźtre la variabilitĂ© spatiale de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux du Quaternaire. Le variogramme et le krigeage ordinaire ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©spour analyser la distribution spatiale de la minĂ©ralisation. La dĂ©termination des facteurs qui gouvernent cette minĂ©ralisation sâest faite Ă partir de lâalgorithme de Kohonen et du calcul de lâindice dâĂ©change de base. Les eaux des zones urbanisĂ©es (Treichville, Marcory, Koumassi et Port-BouĂ«t) et celles situĂ©es en bordure de mer et des lagunes sont fortement minĂ©ralisĂ©es tandis que les zones rurales sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par des eaux de faible minĂ©ralisation. Quatre facteurs expliquent cette rĂ©partition spatiale de la minĂ©ralisation : les Ă©changes de bases et la dissolution des sels marins sont observĂ©s sur lâensemble du site ; en revanche, la pollution anthropique et lâintrusion dâeaux marine et lagunaire traduites respectivement par les fortes concentrations de nitrate et de chlorure, affectent les eaux des zones urbanisĂ©es et celles en bordure des lagunes et de lâocĂ©an atlantique.© 2009 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: Nappe cĂŽtiĂšre, conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique, sels marins, pollution marine et lagunaire, pollution anthropique