Influence des facteurs technologiques et physico-chimiques sur le taux d’extraction reelle de la raffinerie de canne du perimetre sucrier de ferke 1 en côte d’ivoire

L'étude vise à déterminer les principaux facteurs responsables de  l'extraction réelle à la raffinerie de canne de Ferké 1, en vue de l'amélioration du rendement sucre. La production cannière livrée à l'usine concerne 11 variétés cultivées dans 4 plantations. L'extraction réelle, l'extraction au premier moulin, le rythme de broyage, le taux d'imbibition et la teneur en fibre de la canne à sucre ont été mesurés. Les données ont été traitées à l'aide du logiciel STATISTICA 6 FR. L'extraction a été effectuée après broyage de la canne dans une batterie de 3 moulins associée à un diffuseur. Au cours des années entre 2002 ou 2003 à 2005 ou 2006, l'extraction réelle a été, en moyenne, de 90,6 %. Les principaux facteurs déterminant l'extraction réelle ont été, d'abord, la teneur en fibre de la canne à sucre puis le taux d'imbibition de celle-ci durant le process. Enfin, l'amélioration de l'extraction réelle de l'usine passe par la réduction du délai entre la coupe et le broyagede la canne

Origine de la minéralisation des eaux des aquifères discontinus sous couvert forestier de la zone Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire : cas de la région d’Abidjan-Agboville

Les eaux souterraines constituent l’une des principales sources d’approvisionnement en eau potable de la population de la région d’Agboville-Abidjan. Cette étude se propose d’améliorer les connaissances sur les nappes souterraines et de déterminer l’origine de la minéralisation des eaux souterraines de la région à partir d’une combinaison des méthodes hydrochimiques et de l’analyse statistique multivariée. L’étude hydrochimique montre que les eaux de la région ont une température moyenne de 27,7 ± 0,1 °C. Elles sont acides, avec un pH qui varie entre 3,8 et 6,9. Ces eaux sont faiblement minéralisées, ce qui confirme un trait chimique bien connu dans le pays et une diversité de faciès chimiques en rapport avec la nature lithologique des terrains. Cependant, d’importantes valeurs de la conductivité ont été révélées dans les eaux de certaines localités telles que Gori M’Po (819 μS.cm-1) et Lobo Akoudzin (503 μS.cm-1). Dans la région, les eaux souterraines se regroupent en quatre hydrofaciès qui sont dominés par les eaux bicarbonatées calciques (61%) et les eaux chlorurées sodi-potassiques (22%). Les faciès bicarbonatés sodi-potassiques (10%), et chlorurés calciques (7%) sont peu représentés dans ces eaux. Les principaux ions à l’origine de la minéralisation des eaux sont issus de l’altération des roches, de l’hydrolyse des minéraux silicatés tels que l’anorthite dans les plagioclases et de la décomposition des minéraux ferro-magnésiens comme la biotite et l’amphibole présentes dans les roches. A cela s’ajoute le pluviolessivage des sols et une pollution d’origine humaine liée aux activités anthropiques.Mots clés. Abidjan-Agboville, analyse multivariée, eaux souterraines et hydrochimie

Caractérisation et évaluation des vivriers dans un système d’exploitation agricole à base de coton dans le département de Sinématiali – Côte d’Ivoire

La présente étude visait à caractériser les systèmes d’exploitation agricoles à base de coton, puis d’évaluer l’importance des vivriers dans ces  systèmes. Elle a été conduite sur un échantillon de 40 exploitants agricoles répartis dans 8 villages de Sinématiali. Les résultats ont indiqué que les systèmes dominants sont le maïs (3,675 ha) et le coton (3,14 ha). Ensuite viennent, l’arachide (1,125 ha), le riz (0,906 ha) le haricot (0,306 ha), le mil (0,297 ha) et l’igname (0,194 ha). Par ailleurs, le compte  d’exploitation révèle que les vivriers ont les marges nettes à l’hectare les plus élevés avec respectivement 245 727,5 FCFA, pour le riz ; 58 004,7 FCFA pour le maïs ; 209 738,4 FCFA pour l’arachide et 239 472 FCFA pour le mil contre 5 085,1 FCFA pour le coton. L’analyse du ratio de la marge brute sur le coût variable totale montre que 1 FCFA investi sur les parcelles de vivriers rapporte respectivement 4,09 F ; 1,54 F ; 7,44 F et 12,09 FCFA pour le riz, le maïs, l’arachide et le mil contre 0,36 FCFA pour le coton. Aussi, cette étude indique que les vivriers contribuent à hauteur de 98%, au revenu annuel du paysan contre 2% pour le coton. Malgré cette faible contribution du coton dans les revenus du paysan, sa culture permet aux exploitants d’accéder aux intrants et aux matériels agricoles modernes pour accroître les superficies et les rendements agricoles.Mots clés : Systèmes de culture, coton, vivriers, marge brute, Côte d’Ivoire

: The impact of war on the evolution of sleeping sickness in west-central Cote d'Ivoire

International audienceTo evaluate the situation of sleeping sickness in west-central Cote d'Ivoire from 2000 to 2003, in view of the war which broke out in September 2002. Active surveys by medical teams and passive case detection. Between 2000 and 2003, 250 patients were diagnosed with sleeping sickness. At first it appeared that sleeping sickness prevalence had fallen since the beginning of political troubles. But this apparent drop was due to poor population coverage. Participation in medical surveys differed according to ethnic group, reflecting land use conflicts between ethnic communities. Such conflicts are common in this area, but have been exacerbated by the war. In war, assessing the importance of sleeping sickness by medical surveys only is very difficult. But detection of sleeping sickness cases by passive surveillance increased.Evaluer la situation de la maladie du sommeil dans le centre-ouest de la Cote d'Ivoire de 2000 a 2003, en tenant compte des evenements survenus depuis en septembre 2002. Enquete active realisee par des equipes medicales et detection passive des cas. Entre 2000 et 2003, 250 patients ont ete diagnostiques pour la maladie du sommeil. De prime abord la prevalence de la maladie du sommeil semblait avoir baisse depuis le debut de la guerre. Mais cette baisse apparente etait due a une faible couverture de la population. La participation dans l'enquete medicale etait differente selon le groupe ethnique, refletant les conflits entre les differentes communautes pour les terres. De tels conflits sont courants dans la zone mais ont ete exacerbes par la guerre. L'evaluation de l'importance de la maladie du sommeil durant la guerre par enquete medicale seule est tres difficile. Mais la detection de la maladie du sommeil par surveillance passive a augmente

High prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in clinical samples from central Cote d'Ivoire

OBJECTIVES: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales pose a significant challenge to clinical patient care, particularly in resource-constrained settings where epidemiological data on antimicrobial resistance are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among clinical samples from a teaching hospital in Bouake, central Cote d'Ivoire. METHODS: Clinical specimens were collected from sterile and non-sterile body sites and were subjected to microbiological diagnostics (April 2016-June 2017). The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of K. pneumoniae were analysed using automated resistance testing and double-disk diffusion to test for ESBL production. Multiplex PCR was carried out to determine the presence of the resistance-conferring genes blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM. RESULTS: A total of 107 isolates were included, most of which were obtained from bloodstream (39%; n = 42) and urinary tract infections (39%; n = 42). Among all K. pneumoniae isolates, 84% (n = 90) were ESBL producers, many of which were also not susceptible to sulfonamides (99%), quinolones (81%) and aminoglycosides (79%). The majority of ESBL-producing strains harboured all three investigated bla genes. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in clinical isolates from Cote d'Ivoire calls for revised empirical treatment regimens in critically ill patients with suspected Gram-negative infections, and the establishment of antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems

Acceleration of global N₂O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most important long-lived GHG and an important stratospheric ozone depleting substance. Agricultural practices and the use of N-fertilizers have greatly enhanced emissions of N2O. Here, we present estimates of N2O emissions determined from three global atmospheric inversion frameworks during the period 1998–2016. We find that global N2O emissions increased substantially from 2009 and at a faster rate than estimated by the IPCC emission factor approach. The regions of East Asia and South America made the largest contributions to the global increase. From the inversion-based emissions, we estimate a global emission factor of 2.3 ± 0.6%, which is significantly larger than the IPCC Tier-1 default for combined direct and indirect emissions of 1.375%. The larger emission factor and accelerating emission increase found from the inversions suggest that N2O emission may have a nonlinear response at global and regional scales with high levels of N-input

The Effect of Imatinib Mesylate for Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive, Chronic-Phase Myeloid Leukemia in Sub-Saharan African Patients: The Experience of Côte d'Ivoire

Imatinib mesylate, showed encouraging activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia. However, there are few data regarding his efficacy and response monitoring in Sub-Saharan African patients. Our objective was to assess response to imatinib mesylate (Glivec) in Côte d'Ivoire patients with newly diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). From May 2005 to September 2009, we treated 42 patients (40 years; range 16–69) with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) positive in chronic phase CML with oral imatinib mesylate at daily doses of 400 mg. Overall survival (OS) and frequency of complete or major cytogenetic remission (CCR/MCR) were evaluated. At a median follow up of 32 (range 7.6–113) months, the CHR rate in our study group was 76%. A major CR was found in 19 patients (45%) with 17% and 29% complete and partial CR respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of major cytogenetic response by known prognostics factors. Median time to CHR was 8 months (range 0.4–25), and 16 months (range: 0.1–36) for CR. Projected 5-year OS rate was 72% (95%CI 42–88). We conclude that imatinib therapy sub-Saharan African CML patients is very promising and has favorably changed the prognosis for black African patients with CML

Epidemiological and Pathological Aspects of Cervical Cancer in Ivory Coast

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the most common and the leading cause of women death in developing countries. Purpose: To specify the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of cervical cancers in Ivory Coast. Material and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study on the cervical cancers histologically confirmed and identified from the registers for recording laboratory of pathological anatomy of Abidjan teaching hospital. The study period was 24 years (January 1984 to December 2007). The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, sociodemographic status, macroscopic and histological aspects and the prognosis. Results: The cervical cancer represented 78.78% (2064 cases) of gynecological cancers, 42.71% of woman cancer and 17.41% of all cancers. The average age was 48.36 years ranging from 2 to 88 years and a peak incidence between 45-54 years (29%). Multiparity was observed 57.04% (n = 231) and the low socioeconomic level was predominant (70.41%). Concerning pathological examination, the tumor lesions were predominantly budding (51.52%). Squamous cell carcinomas (92.88%) were the most frequent of histological types with 95.1% (n = 1823) of invasive carcinomas. The average age of patients with squamous cell carcinoma was 49 years with 41.5 years for intraepithelial carcinomas and 46.8 years for invasive carcinomas. At the prognosis, squamous cell carcinomas were diagnosed most often in stage pT2 (57.41%) and with extra-cervical represented 66.4% (n = 519). Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Ivory Coast taking into account male and female together. Its poor prognosis associated with late diagnosis should encourage the establishment of a cytology screening program

Using detergent to enhance detection sensitivity of African trypanosomes in human CSF and blood by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)

<p><b>Background:</b> The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, with its advantages of simplicity, rapidity and cost effectiveness, has evolved as one of the most sensitive and specific methods for the detection of a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms including African trypanosomes. While many LAMP-based assays are sufficiently sensitive to detect DNA well below the amount present in a single parasite, the detection limit of the assay is restricted by the number of parasites present in the volume of sample assayed; i.e. 1 per µL or 103 per mL. We hypothesized that clinical sensitivities that mimic analytical limits based on parasite DNA could be approached or even obtained by simply adding detergent to the samples prior to LAMP assay.</p> <p><b>Methodology/Principal Findings:</b> For proof of principle we used two different LAMP assays capable of detecting 0.1 fg genomic DNA (0.001 parasite). The assay was tested on dilution series of intact bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood with or without the addition of the detergent Triton X-100 and 60 min incubation at ambient temperature. With human CSF and in the absence of detergent, the LAMP detection limit for live intact parasites using 1 µL of CSF as the source of template was at best 103 parasites/mL. Remarkably, detergent enhanced LAMP assay reaches sensitivity about 100 to 1000-fold lower; i.e. 10 to 1 parasite/mL. Similar detergent-mediated increases in LAMP assay analytical sensitivity were also found using DNA extracted from filter paper cards containing blood pretreated with detergent before card spotting or blood samples spotted on detergent pretreated cards.</p> <p><b>Conclusions/Significance:</b> This simple procedure for the enhanced detection of live African trypanosomes in biological fluids by LAMP paves the way for the adaptation of LAMP for the economical and sensitive diagnosis of other protozoan parasites and microorganisms that cause diseases that plague the developing world.</p&gt