Anthelmintic Activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Ethanol Extract Against Fasciola gigantica in vitro

The aims of this research are to know the concentration, exposure time and interaction between concentration and exposure time of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract which cause the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. Also to know its value of LC50 and LC90. The research was completely randomized design. There were five treatments. Each treatment was done in four replications and used 10 Fasciola gigantica. The observation and recording of dead Fasciola gigantica were done at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Fasciola gigantica were declared dead if there was no movement when disturbed by anatomy tweezers and when dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result was 10% concentration and exposure time for 10 hours caused the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. However, the interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted that 5% concentration for 8 hours already caused the most mortality of Fasciola gigantica. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90. The results were LC50 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract was 7.9% at 4 hours, 3.7% at 6 hours, 1.8% at 8 hours and 0.8% at 10 hours and the LC90 was 8.4% at 10 hours. Key words: Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves, Fasciola gigantica, ethanol extract, in vitro

CHARACTERIZATION OF VirB4 PROTEIN OF LOCAL ISOLATE Brucella abortus WITH WESTERN BLOTTING TECHNIQUE

This research aimed to characterize VirB4 protein of local isolate Brucella abortus with Western blotting method. The result showed that there were four protein bands with molecular weights of 64.61, 59.25, 21.63, and 16.70 kDa by triggering a reaction between the whole Brucella abortus and anti-Brucella abortus serum. The results also revealed that there was only one protein band with a molecular weight of 59.25 kDa triggering a reaction between the whole Brucella abortus and anti-VirB Brucella abortus serum. Finally, it can be concluded that VirB4 protein can affect the virulence factor of Brucella abortus, successfully characterized with the appearance of one band with a molecular weight of 59.25 kDa by using Western blotting method

Perubahan Patologi Kulit Ikan Gurami (Osphronemu Gouramy) Akibat Infestasi Lernaea Cyprinacea Pada Derajat Infestasi Yang Berbeda [the Pathology Alteration of Gouramy (Osphronemus Gouramy) Integument Infested by Lernaea Cyprinacea at Different Degress of Infestation]

The development of fish consumption in Indonesia was promising increasingly and growing very rapidly. One of the priority commodities in the development of aquaculture subsector was the gourami (Osphronemus gouramy). Many factors must be faced in the cultivation of gouramy, including the problem of fish diseases caused by Lernaea cyprinacea. The aim of this research is to find out the description of anatomic pathology and histopathology of gouramy which infested by L. cyprinacea at different degrees of infestation. This research uses descriptive method. The research showed that the gouramy integument which infested by L. cyprinacea at low, moderate and heavy infestation cause moderate until heavy defect with 2.48; 2.42 and 2.32 in reaverage scoring. Hence, accordance with pathological anatomy, L. cyprinacea infestation caused necrotic nodules, lesion which covered by exudate and haemorrhage. While the histopathology of the integument changes found were inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion and haemorrhage in the low, moderate and heavy infestation

Sebaran Telur Cacing Saluran Pencernaan Kambing di Kecamatan Rambon Kabupaten Nganjuk

This study aims to determine the distribution of worm tract infection in foat digestion in Sub‐district of Prambon, Nganjuk Regency. This research was conducted in Agustus 2018‐ Januari 2019 with 108 samples of stool examination in laboratory of Helmintologi Airlangga University Department of Parasitology, were examinated by native, sedimentation, floatation techniques, and distribution of worm types of feces. The results showed that 66 samples were positive infected by gastrointestinal worm, its indicated that helminthiasis was 61,11%. On examination it was found some kind of worm eggs, which are: Oesophagustomum spp., Bunostomum spp., Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp., Chabertia spp and Moniezia benedini. The results of study showed the most of worm distribution in feces is Haemonchus spp. Keywords : distribution, gastrointestinal tract, worm eggs, and seaso

Pengaruh Lama Pemberian Ekstrak Rimpang Temu Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hati Mencit (Mus muscullus) jantan

The experiment was conducted to evaluated addition time interval effect of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract to the liver histopathological description of Mus musculus. Thirty five male Mus musculus were randomly devide into seven groups and five replications each group. The control group (P0) were added 0,5 ml CMC suspention 0,5% for 30 days orally. The other threatments were added with the same dose 32,5 mg/day/kg BW but with different time interval, P1 for 5 days, P2 for 10 days, P3 for 15 days, P4 for 20 days, P5 for 25 days and P6 for 30 days. The liver were removed four hour after the last added of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract by necropsy. The liver was proced as histopathological slide and staining with Haematoxyllin Eosin to examined with light microscope. The data was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and continued Z 5% test. The result of the experiment showed that the change of histopathological description of liver were significantly different (p<0,05) in each group. Addition of the suspention Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract during five day had caused change of histopathological description such as congesty and degeneration in low degree defect. If added in a longer time caused more serious defect such as congesty, degeneration and necrosis in a moderate to high degree defect. Keywords : Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract, liver, histopathological descriptio

Preservation Effect of Grouper (Epinephelus sp) Fillet Against Survival of Anisakidae

This study was aimed to determine the effect of time and preservation method that the most effective in killing larvae Anisakidae, and still be able to maintain the quality post-preservation of fillet from three groups, combination of pickling with heating (50°C and 75°C ); pickling with cooling (ice and dry ice); and pickling with salting (dry salting and brine salting). This study was a laboratory experimental research carried out in four phases, phase identification, preservation, organoleptic test and protein test. The results can be concluded that the time of preservation and preservation methods affect the survival of anisakidae larvae. The most effective heating method preservation to kill the larvae Anisakidae was heating at temperature of 75°C compared to 50°C, for cooling the use of dry ice is more effective than ice, and for methods of salting with 25% concentration, brine salting and dry salting effective in killing larvae Anisakidae , The effect of the method preservation for the quality of fillets in organoleptic test still considered adequate and still can be accepted by the public. As for the protein test a slight decline of the fillet quality post-preservation.  Keyword : Preservation; Fillet of Grouper; Larva Anisakida

Acanthocephalan in Xenochrophis piscator Snake in Sidoarjo Indonesia

Xenochrophis piscator is a snake that often found in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island. Xenochrophis piscator is a non-venomous snake and often used for food, traditional medicine and as pets in Indonesia. Snakes can be infected by different types of parasites which are zoonotic. One of the zoonotic helminth infect snakes is acanthocephalan. Acanthocephalan can be transmitted to humans by ingesting snake products. We investigate the incidence of helminthiasis in X. piscator from snakes collector in Tulangan district, Sidoarjo, East Java. Parasites were collected from X. piscator organs. Identification of parasites was in carmine stain using light microscope for examination. Sixty snakes were observed and sixteen snakes were positively infected by adult acanthocephalan (26.67%). Acanthocephalan was found in mesenterium and fascia of X. piscator. Keyword :  Xenochrophis piscator, acanthocephalan, helminthiasis, zoonosis

Spirometra in Ptyas mucosus Snake in Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Currently snake is not only limited as performing animals, medicine, food and raw materials factories but also as pets. One of the famous snakes found in Indonesia is Ptyas mucosus. Snake is a port of the various parasitic zoonoses and unzoonoses. In P. mucosus also frequently reported cases of occurrence sparganosis. Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae spirometra or called spargana. The aim of this reasearch to study of the morphology of Spirometra in P. Mucosus snake from snakes collector in Sidoarjo, East Java. Identification adult worm and larvae in wet prepararat using a stereo microscope. Identification with Carmine staining and clearing with Glycerin using a light microscope with a magnification of 40x and 100x. The result found that P. mucosus was infected by larva of Spirometra. Sixty snakes were observed and 41 snakes were positively infected by the spargana (68%). Spargana found in musculus and subcutaneous snake P. Mucosus. Spargana are flat and thin white worms. They were like a ribbon. They are often found in groups in almost all parts of subcutaneous and musculus.The average length is 10cm, with average body width is 0,3cm. This is the first case report of sparganosis infection in P. mucosus in Indonesia. The discovery of P. mucosus sparganosis is a warning to the public to be more careful and aware in consuming snake because Spirometra sp. is one of parasitic zoonoses.Key Word: Spirometra, Ptyas mucosus, sparganosis

Identification of Ectoparasites in Pearl Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with One and Three Months Age in Maclele Cultivation, Tuban District, Tuban Regency

This study aims to identify ectoparasites that attack pearl catfish and the incidence of ectoparasite infestations in 100 samples of one- and three-month-old pearl catfish. This research was conducted from January to March 2021 in Makalele Cultivation, Tuban District, Tuban Regency. The method used in this research is skin scraping and gill installation. Data analysis using Chi-Square Test with SPSS version 24.0 for windows. The results showed that there were 3 types of ectoparasites found, namely Trichodina nobilis, Trichodina pediculus, Chilodonella sp., Dactylogyrus sp. and the highest incidence of ectoparasites occurred in young fish compared to old fish with a percentage of 35% and 25%, respectively, and based on the Chi-Square test there was no significant difference (p≥0.05)

Blastocystis sp. : Evaluation of polyclonal antibody prepared from crude protein for serological diagnosis using Rabbit serum

The diagnosis of Blastocystis infection is still based on the clinical sign which is not specific and there is no available serologic test for it. This study aimed to evaluate the polyclonal antibody prepared form crude protein of Blastocystis for the development of the Blastocystis serological test. Crude protein was extracted from the yeast of Blastocystis sp, then inoculated into rabbits to produce the antibody of crude protein. The serum of rabbits would be collected before and after immunization to compare the antibody titer. The profile of crude protein was analyzed using SDS-Page. The rabbit serum was analyzed using ELISA and Western Blot. The SDS-Page result showed bands in 100 kDa, 90 kDa, 70 kDa, 60 kDa, 58 kDa, 50 kDa, 40 kDa, 35 kDa, 30 kDa and 27 kDa. The ELISA assay showed that there was an increase in antibody titer of crude protein after immunization. Western Blot showed that three proteins (30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa) having immunogenicity characteristic. It is concluded that protein 30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa prepared from the crude protein of Blastocystis sp. can be used for developing a serologic test for Blastocystis infection. Keywords: Blastocystis sp, Crude Protein, Polyclonal Antibody