Extremely rare complication of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

The systemic vasculitis of the small-medium arteries, arterioles, venules and rarely large arteries that involves respiratory system and kidneys was defined as Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) disease by Wegener in 1936. Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are extremely rare complications of GPA and our case will be the 2nd case treated with clipping aneurysm and the 11th case with subarachnoid haemorrhage in the literature. A 43-year-old man presented to the emergency room with a severe headache and was admitted for further evaluation. He had GPA diagnosis 14 years ago with cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) and PR3-ANCA positive laboratory tests and kidney biopsy. SAH was seen on cranial computed tomography (CT) images. Then cerebral digital substraction angiography (DSA) performed and right middle cerebral artery aneurysm exposed. Aneurysm was clipped without any complication. Intracranial aneurysms and SAH are extremely rare complications of GPA. GPA related aneurysmal SAH is an exceptional condition in neurovascular pathology. Monitoring patients with GPA for SAH must be remembered and kept in mind as a diagnosis

Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion Combined with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: What Is the Best Imaging Modality for the Follow-Up?

We report retinal structural changes of a 37-year-old man diagnosed with the concomitant occlusion of cilioretinal artery and central retinal vein. Comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation was performed, followed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Heidelberg), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT angiography, Optovue Inc., Fremont, California, USA), fluorescein angiography, and color fundus photography. The use of OCT angiography and en face SD-OCT imaging as an adjunct test to map out correlative paracentral scotomas during follow-up allowed us to evaluate cilioretinal artery occlusion in the best way due to obtaining satisfactory images of the normal retinal vascular networks and areas of nonperfusion and congestion at various retinal levels

Incidence, hospital costs and in-hospital mortality rates of surgically treated patients with traumatic cranial epidural hematoma

Background: In this study, the patients who were operated in two clinics due to traumatic cranial epidural hematoma (EDH) were assessed retrospectively and the factors that increase the costs were tried to be revealed through conducting cost analyses. Methods: The patients who were operated between 2010 and 2016 with the diagnosis of EDH were assessed in terms of age, sex, trauma etiology, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, the period from trauma to hospital arrival, trauma-related injury in other organs, the localization of hematoma, the size of hematoma, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), length of antibiotherapy administration, number of consultations conducted, total cost of in-hospital treatments of the patients and prognosis. Results: Distribution of GCS were, between 13-15 in 18 (36%) patients, 9-13 in 23 (46%) patients and 3-8 in 9 (18%) patients. The reasons for emergency department admissions were fall from high in 29 (58%) patients, assault in 11 (22%) patients and motor vehicle accident in 10 (20%) patients. The average cost per ICU stay was 2838 $(range=343-20571$). The average cost per surgical treatment was 314 $. ICU care was approximately 9 times more expensive than surgical treatment costs. The mortality rate of the study cohort was 14% (7 patients). Conclusion: The prolonged period of stay in the ICU, antibiotherapy and repeat head CTs increase the costs for patients who are surgically treated for EDH

The impact of urbanization on energy intensity: Panel data evidence considering cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity

WOS: 000407655700023As population grows considerably in the world, the correlation between intensity of population in urban areas and energy intensity becomes an important issue in energy field. This paper aims at examining the effects of urbanization on energy intensity for 10 Asian countries by employing annual data from 1990 to 2014. The Asian countries are Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam, respectively. To this end, the paper, first, follows cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity tests. Then, the paper conducts unit root and cointegration tests, cointegration analyses and causality analyses. Finally, the paper estimates the short run parameters as well as long-run parameters to capture the possible dynamic relationships among variables. This paper, thus, employs energy intensity as dependent variable and GDP per capita, the square of GDP per capita, urbanization, and ruralization as regressors within the relevant models and explores that there exists a long-run relationship of energy intensity with GDP per capita, the square of GDP per capita, urbanization, and ruralization in panel data. The paper, later, observes additional explanatory variables of export, renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption, and, concludes that (i) the urbanization variable has significant influences on energy intensity in the short-run and long-run, (ii) despite the some differences in cross-sectional estimations, the Asian panel data, overall; yield negative impact of urbanization on energy intensity. The latter output indicates that the urbanization path increases the energy productivity in Asian panel models. Within this scope, the paper presents some policy proposals related to the reduction of energy intensity in Asia. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion Combined with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: What Is the Best Imaging Modality for the Follow-Up?

We report retinal structural changes of a 37-year-old man diagnosed with the concomitant occlusion of cilioretinal artery and central retinal vein. Comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation was performed, followed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Heidelberg), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT angiography, Optovue Inc., Fremont, California, USA), fluorescein angiography, and color fundus photography. The use of OCT angiography and en face SD-OCT imaging as an adjunct test to map out correlative paracentral scotomas during follow-up allowed us to evaluate cilioretinal artery occlusion in the best way due to obtaining satisfactory images of the normal retinal vascular networks and areas of nonperfusion and congestion at various retinal levels

Schwannoma of the nasal septum

Schwannomas are benign and slow growing tumors originating from the Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheath. Schwannomas of sinonasal origin are rare (4%) however septal schwannomas are much more rarer. We presented a 31 year old female patient. At physical examination a pale gray, smooth polypoid lesion obstructing the right nasal cavity was detected. Midfacial degloving and endoscopic approach were combined for surgical treatment. The tumor was originating from posteromedial area of the septal nasal cartilage, close to the bony cartilaginous junction. Postoperative histological examination of the specimen showed a benign tumoral growth consisting of spindle shaped cells and immunohistochemical staining of the tumor proved septal schwannoma

A new experimental evidence that olfactory bulb lesion may be a causative factor for substantia nigra degeneration; preliminary study

ozmen, sevilay/0000-0002-1973-6101; Ahiskalioglu, Ali/0000-0002-8467-8171; Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000519326400001PubMed: 32114876Background: Anosmia has been considered as the first diagnostic criteria of Parkinson disease (PD), we investigated the effect of the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) on histopathological features of the substantia nigra in an animal model. Methods: Twenty-seven male rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups as five (control), six SHAM and sixteen study (OBL) groups. Nothing was done in the control group, the only burr hole was done in the SHAM group, OBL was not applied, and bilateral OBL was performed in the study group, and followed ten weeks, then animals were decapitated. Olfactory bulb volumes were measured by macro anatomically. the olfactory bulbs and substantia nigra sections were analyzed by a stereological method to evaluate olfactory glomerulus and neuron density of substantia nigra per cubic centimeter and compared with statistically. Results: the mean olfactory bulb volume, degenerated olfactory glomerulus density and degenerated neuron density of substantia nigra were measured as:(4.14 +/- 0.20) mm(3), (1 +/- 1)/mm(3) and (7 +/- 2)/mm(3) in control (Group I); (3.6 +/- 0.16)/mm(3), (4 +/- 1)/mm(3) and(32 +/- 7)/mm(3) in SHAM (Group II) and (2.2 +/- 0.9)/mm(3), (112 +/- 18)/mm(3) and (1543 +/- 115)/mm(3)in study group (Group III). Diminished olfactory bulb volume was observed in Group III animals. Conclusions: We concluded that OBL may lead to the degeneration of substantia nigra

The role of fibroblast growth factor antisense in modulation of affective behaviour

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