3,830 research outputs found
Bouncing gel balls: impact of soft gels onto rigid surface
After thrown onto a solid substrate, very soft spherical gels bounce
repeatedly. Separate rheological measurements suggest that these balls can be
treated as nearly elastic. The Hertz contact deformation expected in the static
(elastic) limit was observed only at very small impact velocities. For larger
velocities, the gel ball deformed into flattened forms like a pancake. We
measured the size of the gel balls at the maximal deformation and the contact
time as a function of velocities for the samples different in the original
spherical radius and the Young modulus. The experimental results revealed a
number of scaling relations. To interpret these relations, we developed scaling
arguments to propose a physical picture.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures (minor revisions, To appear in Europhys. Lett.
Scaling law for viscous friction in thin lubricating films that acts on a solid disk falling in confined space
We fill a viscous liquid in a vertically stood cell of millimeter thickness,
called the Hele-Shaw cell, and insert a disk in the liquid whose thickness is
smaller than the cell thickness. The disk starts falling in the liquid due to
gravity with opposed by viscous friction. We focus on the case in which
lubricating films formed in the gap between the cell surface and the disk
surface are thinner than the disk thickness. As a result, we find a distinct
regime in which the flow and the viscous friction are characterized by the
thickness of the lubricating film. The scaling regime is identified through
clear collapse of the data onto a master curve. We also discuss the case in
which lubricating films are thick. The present results are relevant to
fundamental issues and applications in various fields such as microfluidics,
bioconvection, and active matter.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Multi-messenger signals of long-term core-collapse supernova simulations : synergetic observation strategies
The next Galactic supernova is expected to bring great opportunities for the
direct detection of gravitational waves (GW), full flavor neutrinos, and
multi-wavelength photons. To maximize the science return from such a rare
event, it is essential to have established classes of possible situations and
preparations for appropriate observations. To this end, we use a long-term
numerical simulation of the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) of a 17 solar-mass
red supergiant progenitor to self-consistently model the multi-messenger
signals expected in GW, neutrino, and electromagnetic messengers. This
supernova model takes into account the formation and evolution of a
protoneutron star, neutrino-matter interaction, and neutrino transport, all
within a two-dimensional shock hydrodynamics simulation. With this, we
separately discuss three situations: (i) a CCSN at the Galactic Center, (ii) an
extremely nearby CCSN within hundreds of parsecs, and (iii) a CCSN in nearby
galaxies within several Mpc. These distance regimes necessitate different
strategies for synergistic observations. In a Galactic CCSN, neutrinos provide
strategic timing and pointing information. We explore how these in turn deliver
an improvement in the sensitivity of GW analyses and help to guarantee
observations of early electromagnetic signals. To facilitate the detection of
multi-messenger signals of CCSNe in extremely nearby and extragalactic
distances, we compile a list of nearby red supergiant candidates and a list of
nearby galaxies with their expected CCSN rates. By exploring the sequential
multi-messenger signals of a nearby CCSN, we discuss preparations for
maximizing successful studies of such an unprecedented stirring event.Comment: Link to the online material (lists of nearby RSG candidates and local
galaxies) is added, also available from
http://th.nao.ac.jp/MEMBER/nakamura/2016multi/index.htm
The Delta-Hole model at Finite Temperature
The spectral function of pions interacting with a gas of nucleons and
Delta-33-resonances is investigated using the formalism of Thermo Field
Dynamics. After a discussion of the zero Delta-width approximation at finite
temperature, we take into account a constant width of the resonance. Apart from
a full numerical calculation, we give analytical approximations to the pionic
spectral function including such a width. They are found to be different from
previous approximations, and require an increase of the effective Delta-width
in hot compressed nuclear matter. The results are summarized in an effective
dispersion relation for interacting pions.Comment: 34 pages in standard LaTeX GSI-preprint No. GSI-93-2
Intermediate-Mass-Elements in Young Supernova Remnants Reveal Neutron Star Kicks by Asymmetric Explosions
The birth properties of neutron stars yield important information on the
still debated physical processes that trigger the explosion and on intrinsic
neutron-star physics. These properties include the high space velocities of
young neutron stars with average values of several 100 km/s, whose underlying
"kick" mechanism is not finally clarified. There are two competing
possibilities that could accelerate NSs during their birth: anisotropic
ejection of either stellar debris or neutrinos. We here present new evidence
from X-ray measurements that chemical elements between silicon and calcium in
six young gaseous supernova remnants are preferentially expelled opposite to
the direction of neutron star motion. There is no correlation between the kick
velocities and magnetic field strengths of these neutron stars. Our results
support a hydrodynamic origin of neutron-star kicks connected to asymmetric
explosive mass ejection, and they conflict with neutron-star acceleration
scenarios that invoke anisotropic neutrino emission caused by particle and
nuclear physics in combination with very strong neutron-star magnetic fields.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Japanese verbal conjugation and the theory of underspecification
In this joint research we discussed the well-known phenomenon called Onbin observed in the past and the gerund forms of Japanese consonant-final verbs. See the examples below: ..
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