Collective Memory and an Interpretative Approach: The Struggle over Kosovo’s Independence as an Ideational Background for Contemporary Serbia’s Foreign Policy Choices

Contrary to the common understanding that collective memory functions as a driver for fostering domestic peace, stability, a common national identity, and serves as a cornerstone for the realisation of specific national goals, our aim is to show how collective memory is understood as a constitutive element of foreign policy narratives and how memory can influence foreign policy choices (Anderson, 1983; Gillis, 199 4; Hobsbawm and Ranger, 1983; Bodnar, 1992; Schudson, 1993; Dian, 2017). Building on the work of Müller (2002), Bell (2010), Langenbacher and Shain (2010), Resende and Budryte (2014), Dian (2017) and Bachleitner (2018), we will argue that Serbia’s foreign policy choice in 2013 to sign the agreement with Kosovo is best understood with the help of an interpretative approach to foreign policy, as this issue de facto reflected the continuation of the role of sacrifice within Serbian collective memory. A narrative of victimisation was used to efficiently bridge the ‘guilt’ and tie it to the notion of great powers’ intervention. This article also examines the paradox of Serbia’s endeavours to hold on to Kosovo by looking into how the struggle over the nation’s past provides the fundamental ideational background for contemporary foreign policy choices

JAVNI ODGOVOR NA 9/11 U POLITICI: PATRIOTIZAM, STRAH I JEZIČNI PROBLEMI

The paper with the title “Public Response to 9/11 in Politics: Patriotism, Fear and Language Issues” examines the immediate responses that emerged in American political administration after the terrorist attacks on 11 September, 2001 in New York City and Washington, D.C. Moreover, the paper analyzes the speech “We Have Seen the State of Our Union” given before the Congress on September 20, 2001, by the former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, showing the prevalent manner of the rhetoric of the then current government administration. Seeking to explain the rhetoric of the politicians after 9/11, the analysis explores several parameters. This kind of rhetoric addressed the issues connected to 9/11, and employed a great deal of patriotism-related words as well as a language that could help instigate fear and paranoia in Americans and their culture.Rad s naslovom "Javni odgovor na 9/11 u politici: patriotizam, strah i jezični problemi" istražuje neposredne reakcije koje su se pojavile u američkoj političkoj administraciji nakon terorističkih napada 11. rujna 2001. u New Yorku i Washingtonu. U članku se analizira govor "Vidjeli smo stanje naše zajednice" koji je pred Kongresom 20. rujna 2001. godine dao bivši američki predsjednik George H.W. Bush, koji pokazuje prevladavajući način retorike tadašnje vladine administracije. U potrazi za objašnjavanjem retorike političara nakon 11. rujna, analiza istražuje nekoliko parametara. Ova vrsta retorike govorila je o pitanjima vezanim za 11. rujna, a koristila je mnogo riječi povezanih sa patriotizmom, kao i jezik koji bi mogao potaknuti strah i paranoju kod Amerikanaca i u njihovoj kulturi

Ion energy measurements on MAST using a midplane RFEA

Ion energy measurements have been made in the scrape off layer of the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) using a midplane retarding field energy analyser (RFEA) in H-mode plasmas during the inter-edge localised mode (ELM) period and during type I and type III ELMs. During the inter-ELM period at distances of 3 to 8 cm from the last closed flux surface (LCFS), ion temperatures of 20 to 70 eV have been measured giving an ion to electron temperature ratio of 2 to 7 with a mean of 4. During type III ELMs, an ion temperature of 50 eV has been measured 3 to 6 cm from the LCFS which decreases to 30 eV at distances 11 to 16 cm from the LCFS. During type I ELMs, an ion temperature of 40 eV has been measured at a distance of 10 to 15 cm from the LCFS.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Implementation of the information system

Abstrakt Diplomová práca sa zaoberá výberom vhodného informačného systému pre vybranú spoločnosť, ktorá pôsobí v oblasti strojárenstva a zaoberá sa výrobou ložísk. Vhodný systém je vyberaný spomedzi niekoľkých kandidátov a pomocou hrubého a jemného výberu je vybraný jeden podľa požiadavkov spoločnosti. Práca sa zaoberá aj procesom implementácie nového informačného systému.The thesis deals with the selection of a suitable information system for a selected company, which operates in the area of mechanical engineering and is engaged in the production of bearings. A suitable system is chosen from among several candidates and is selected by a rough and fine selection according to the company's requirements. The work also deals with the process of implementation of the new information

Analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Western Balkans: an Increase of Turkish Normative Influence due to Shallow Europeanization?

Nasprotno prevladujoči obravnavi Turčije kot najstarejše kandidatke za članstvo v Evropski uniji (EU) in turški zunanjepolitični strategiji do Zahodnega Balkana, ki predvideva delovanje kot partnerica EU, to delo analizira Turčijo kot neodvisnega zunanjepolitičnega akterja. Na podlagi dveh raziskovalnih vprašanj o normativnih elementih turške zunanjepolitične strategije preverjam hipotezo, da zaradi t. i. plitke evropeizacije na Zahodnem Balkanu po letu 2009 prihaja do večanja turškega normativnega vpliva v tej regiji. Kot kontrolno spremenljivko obravnavam deklaratorni odmik EU od širitve na Zahodni Balkan leta 2014. V teoretskem delu naloge konceptualiziram normativni zunanjepolitični vpliv in izdelam lasten analitični model normativnih elementov zunanjepolitične strategije. Po opisu zgodovinskega konteksta zunanjepolitičnega delovanja EU in Turčije na Zahodnem Balkanu v empiričnem delu sledi največji doprinos naloge k znanosti: analiza in interpretacija primarnega dokumenta – zunanjepolitične strategije Turčije (Disisleri Bakanligi, 2018), za katero sem zagotovil prvi prevod v angleščino. Nato še identificiram in analiziram zunanjepolitične akcije Turčije, pri katerih merim normativni vpliv na družbe, trge in države regije in ga kritično ovrednotim. Ugotavljam, da ni mogoče sklepati na večji normativni vpliv Turčije v regiji zaradi plitke evropeizacije. Normativni vpliv Turčije na države je bil namreč največji med leti 2009–2012, ko je z mediacijo v srbskem delu Sandžaka in vzpostavitvijo tripartitne platforme dosegla željen ugled velike sile iz otomanskih časov. Vendar pa po letu 2013 ta vpliv upade, saj nekatere države regije izražajo večja nasprotovanja turškim zunanjepolitičnim vrednotam ali uporabljenim sredstvom. Normativni vpliv na trge in na družbe regije je sicer konstantenprek agencije TIKA, inštituta Yunus Emre, verske institucije Diyanet in TV nadaljevank Turčija promovira svoje družbene vrednote: muslimanska vera, diaspora, patriarhalnost in ugled velike sile.Contrary to the dominant consideration of Turkey as the oldest candidate for membership in the European Union (EU) and Turkey\u27s foreign policy strategy towards the Western Balkans, which envisions acting as the EU’s partner, this work analyzes Turkey as an independent foreign-policy actor. On the basis of two research questions on the normative elements of the Turkish foreign policy strategy, I am testing a hypothesis that after 2009, due to the shallow Europeanization in the Western Balkans, one observes an increase of the Turkish normative influence in this region. As a control variable, I consider the declaratory withdrawal of the EU from Western Balkans enlargement efforts in 2014. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I conceptualize the normative foreign policy influence and construct my own analytical model of the normative elements of the foreign policy strategy. Following the description of the historical context of the EU and Turkey’s foreing policy in the Western Balkans, the empirical part is followed by the biggest contribution of this thesis to science: analysis and interpretation of the primary document - Turkey\u27s foreign policy strategy (Disisleri Bakanligi, 2018), for which I provided the first translation into English. I then identify and analyze Turkey\u27s foreign policy actions, where I measure the normative influence on societies, markets and countries of the region, and offer its critical evaluation. Findings show that it is not possible to ascertain that shallow Europeanization causes greater normative influence of Turkey in the region. Turkey\u27s normative influence on the countries was the largest between 2009-2012, when, through mediation in the Serbian part of Sandžak and the establishment of a tripartite platform, when the state achieved the desired reputation of a great power from Ottoman times. However, after 2013, this impact declined, as some countries in the region are more likely to oppose Turkey\u27s foreign policy values or application of instruments. The normative impact on the markets and on the societies of the region is constantthrough TIKA Agency, Yunus Emre Institute, religious institution Diyanet and TV series Turkey promotes its social values: Muslim faith, diaspora, patriarchate and reputation of great power

National Maritime Single Window – Cost-Benefit Analysis of Montenegro Case Study

In this paper, the costs and benefits of the National Maritime Single Window (NMSW) for coastal countries that have limited human resources and infrastructure related to maritime traffic are researched. A general method for conducting a cost-benefit analysis of NMSW implementation is proposed. Using this method and the input data for Montenegro, as an example of a small-sized coastal country, the authors assess whether such an investment in NMSW implementation can be beneficial to coastal countries with limited resources.</p