Analysis of 6th grade social studies textbook according to different readability formulas

Okunabilirlik formülleri metnin gözlenebilen dilsel özelliklerinden yola çıkarak metinleri okuma zorluklarına veya kolaylıklarına göre aşamalı olarak sınıflandırmayı amaçlayan kestirim araçlarıdır. Ders kitabının okunabilirliğinin seviyeye uygun olması, konuların öğrenciler açısından kolay anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır. Çalışmada yedi farklı yayınevine ait ortaokul 6 sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitabının okunabilirliği ölçümü ve hedef yaş kitlesine uygun olup olmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın modeli doküman incelemesine dayalı betimsel bir çalışmadır. MEB Yayınevi ve özel yayınevleri tarafından hazırlanan ders kitaplarından seçilen metinler üzerinde Felsch Okuma Kolaylığı Okunabilirlik Formülü, Smog Okunabilirlik Formülü, Gunning Zorluk Göstergesi, Fry Grafik okunabilirlik formülü, Ateşman tarafından Türkçe için geliştirilen Okunabilirlik Formülü uygulanmıştır. Bu formüllerin yanı sıra 6. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarının okunabilirliğinin araştırılmasında uluslararası geçerliliğe sahip Cloze test prosedürü kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın Cloze test örneklemini Artvin merkez ilçedeki tüm okulların 6. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda Ateşman tarafından Türkçe için geliştirilen okunabilirlik formülü dışında diğer formüllerden elde edilen sonuçlar ders kitaplarının hedef kitleye uygun olmadığını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ateşman tarafından Türkçe için geliştirilen okunabilirlik formülü sonuçlarına göre ise 6. sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler ders kitaplarının orta güçlük düzeyinde olduğu saptanmıştır.Readability formulas are estimation tools that for gradually classifying the text regarding its difficulty or easiness based on text’s observable lingual features. The suitability of the course book to the level will provide an understanding of the subjects easily for students. In the study, readability and suitability to the target age group of secondary school 6 th grade social studies course books, which belongs to seven different publishers, was determined. The descriptive model that based on document review was used for the study. Felsch Reading Easiness Readability Formula, Smog Readability Formula, Gunning Difficulty Indicator, Fry Graphic Readability Formula, and the readability formula which was developed by Ateşman for Turkish were applied on the texts was chosen from course books that were published by both MEB Publishing and private publishing companies. As well as these formulas, for researching the readability of 6 th -grade social studies course books, Cloze test procedure, which has an international validity, was used. Sample of the study consists of all 6th grades from all schools of the central county of Artvin. At the end of the study, it was found that according to all formulas course books is not suitable for target population for all class level except for the formula which developed for Turkish by Ateşman. According to the Ateşman’s formula course books’ difficulty level is medium

Metaphorıcal perceptıons of socıal studıes teacher candıdates about the value of ındependence

Metafor, bir kişinin bir kavramı ya da olguyu algıladığı biçimde, benzetmeler kullanarak ifade etmesidir. Bu çalışma Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının “Bağımsızlık” kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeleri (metaforları) ortaya çıkarma amacına yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların her birinin “Bağımsızlık ……………. gibidir, çünkü …………………….. ” ibaresini tamamlamasıyla elde edilen ham veriler hem nicel hem de nitel veri çözümleme teknikleri kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın ulaşılabilir evrenini 122 Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre katılımcılar Bağımsızlık kavramına ilişkin olarak 35 adet geçerli metafor üretmiştir. Bu metaforlar daha sonra ortak özellikleri bakımından irdelenerek 7 kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adayları bağımsızlık kavramını en çok özgür olma durumu olarak açıklamıştır. Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının etkili yurttaş yetiştirmek için bağımsızlık değerini doğru algıladıkları saptanmıştır.A metaphor is an expression that a person uses as she perceived a concept or a phenomenon by imagery. This study is done to determine social studies pre-service teachers’ mental images (metaphors) regarding “independence” concept. Each participant completed the expression “independence is like………., because …………..”. And the raw data analyzed by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Availability population of the study is consisted of 122 social studies pre-service teachers. According to the findings of the research, participants produced 35 valid metaphors regarding the “independence” concept. These metaphors are scrutinized in terms of general specifications and grouped under 7 conceptional categories. According to the research results, social studies pre-service teachers explained the independence concept mostly as status of being free. And it is determined that social studies pre-service teachers are adequate for raising efficient citizens. It is determined that Social Studies teacher candidates perceive the value of independence correctly in order to raise efficient individuals

Perception of Ecological Literacy in Education: A Scale Development Study

The increase in the world population day by day affects the balance of the living world, nature, and environment. Due to unawareness and misuse, the emergence of some environmental imbalances causes the formation of ecological problems. In order to prevent the emergence of these problems or to combat them, everyone in the education process should have an awareness level of ecological literacy. The aim of the research conducted in this direction is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining the ecological literacy levels of teachers. Within the framework of the purpose of the research, a literature review on ecology and ecological literacy was conducted. An item pool of 96 items was created. Language, meaning and content validity of the items forming the trial scale form was ensured. The data of the research were obtained with the participation of 879 teachers working in public schools in Turkey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the obtained data. The final ecological literacy scale consists of three different components: cognitive (α=.84), affective (α=.87), and behavioral (α=.92) attitudes. According to the results of the analysis, it can be said that the scale developed is reliable enough to measure teachers’ ecological literacy attitudes

A COVID-19-Related Kawasaki Disease: Our First Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Case

A new type of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which started in the last months of 2019, has spread rapidly all over the world and caused many deaths, especially in adults. Recently, a syndromic condition caused by the hyperinflammatory response that is thought to be due to this new pandemic coronavirus factor has been identified, especially in the childhood age group. It has been stated that this response is particularly similar to Kawasaki disease and can manifest itself with multiorgan involvement. This new clinical condition was defined as pediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 or multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19. In this case presentation, a nine-year-old male patient was admitted to our emergency department with complaints similar to ones in Kawasaki disease. The patient was followed up in our pediatric intensive care unit due to hypotension and myocarditis, as well as likely macrophage activation syndrome and simultaneous COVID-19 positivity. For Kawasaki disease, intravenous immunoglobulin, acetylsalicylic acid, low molecular weight heparin and methylprednisolone; for myocarditis, enalapril and furosemide; and for COVID-19, favipiravir was administered to the patient. We would like to present our case to exemplify clinicians dealing with pediatric patients and to assist in easier recognition, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in all children worldwide

Development of socıal desirability scale: validity and reliability study

Bu çalıĢma bireylerin sosyal beğenirlik düzeylerinin belirlenebilmesine yönelik bir ölçeğin geliĢtirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcılar yaĢları 17 ile 45 arasında değiĢen (OrtyaĢ=21.33, Ss=2.32) 527’si kadın (%62), 325’i erkek (%38) toplamda 852 öğrenciden oluĢmaktadır. AraĢtırma kapsamında ölçek maddelerinin dil, anlam ve kapsam geçerliği sağlanmıĢ, pilot uygulama ardından formun nihai hali 426 öğrenciye uygulanarak açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıĢtır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen faktör yapısının toplam varyansın %52.29’unu açıkladığı belirlenmiĢtir. Iki faktörlü ve 15 maddeden oluĢan yapının doğrulayıcı faktör analizi 426 kiĢilik farklı bir örnekleme uygulanmıĢ elde edilen sonuçlar faktörlerin yapısal uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuĢtur (χ2 /df= 2.50, GFI= .93, CFI= .92, AGFI= .91, RMSEA= .06). Güvenirlik analizi için Cronbach Alpha Ġç Tutarlılık katsayısından faydalanılmıĢtır. Analizler ölçeğin bütününün ait güvenirlik katsayısının .84, kabul görme alt boyutunun .85 ve dikkat çekme al boyutunun .75 olduğunu göstermektedir. ÇalıĢma sonucunda, ortaya çıkan 15 maddeli ölçeğin bireylerin sosyal beğenirlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu görülmüĢtür.This study aims to develop a scale to determine the social desirability levels of individuals. Participants consisted of a total of 852 students, ranging in age from 17 to 45 (Mage= 21.33, Sd= 2.32), 527 female (62%), 325 male (38%). Within the scope of the research, the language, meaning and content validity of the scale items were provided. After the pre application, the final form of the scale was applied to 426 students and exploratory factor analysis was conducted. It was determined that the factor structure obtained as a result of the analysis explained 52.29% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis of the structure consisting of two factors and 15 items was applied to a different sample of 426 people, and the results showed that the factors showed structural adjustment (χ2 /df= 2.50, GFI= .93, CFI= .92, AGFI= .91, RMSEA= .06). Cronbach Alpha Internal Consistency coefficient was used for reliability analysis. As a result of the analysis, the reliability coefficient of the whole scale was .84, the acceptance sub-dimension was .85 and the attention-getting dimension was .75. As a result of the study, it was found that the resulting 15-item scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the social desirability levels of individual

Evaluation of Clinical Features of Patients Diagnosed with MIS-C

Objective:Evaluation of clinical features and results in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease-2019.Method:Patients diagnosed with MIS-C between September 1, 2020 and February 25, 2021, followed at University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics were included. Their clinical findings and laboratory results were evaluated retrospectively.Results:The average age of 16 patients diagnosed with MIS-C was found to be 6.5 years; of them, 62.5% were male and 37.5% were female. Our patients had no chronic disease. Fever (100%) and stomachache (81.25%) were the most common symptoms. All patients had high levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer and pro-brain natriuretic peptide at the time of diagnosis. The average ejection fraction was found as 63.1% in echocardiography. Intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids and acetylsalicylic acid were administered to all patients whereas enoxaparin and vasopressors were administered to 11 (68.75%) and 3 (18.5%) patients, respectively. Left ventricular ejection fraction was found to be within the normal range at all patients at the time of discharge. The average in patient follow-up was found to be 10 days.Conclusion:It is important to have a long-term follow-up of MIS-C patients, who show similar symptoms to Kawasaki disease and yet have their own particular symptoms and cardiac involvement, in order not to miss the opportunity of early diagnosis as well as cardiac complications

Social Studies Textbooks Social Studies Teachers' Opinions on the Topics of Geography/Central District, Case of Diyarbakır

Ders kitabı kavramı bir derste kullanılan ve o dersin geliştirilmesine temel oluşturan kitaplar anlaşılır. Bu kitaplardan biri de sosyal bilgiler ders kitabıdır. Sosyal bilgiler dersi geniş alan tasarımına uygun bir şekilde hazırlandığından dolayı birçok disipline ait konuyu içerisinde barındırdığından bu derse yönelik olarak hazırlanan ders kitabı da geniş alan tasarımına yönelik olarak hazırlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada ilköğretim (4-7) sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında yer alan coğrafya konuları hakkında sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu Diyarbakır merkez ilçelerinde görev yapan 50 öğretmen grubu oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen açık uçlu sorulardan oluşturulmuş görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından betimsel ve içerik analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları temalaştırılarak, frekanslar verilip, öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerinden doğrudan alıntılar yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları tartışılarak öneriler sunulmuştur.Textbooks are the books which are used in a course and which form the concept of the lesson. This is one of the books in the social studies textbook. Prepared in accordance with the social studies lesson for the design of widearea subject of the discipline in many of harboring a textbook prepared for this course is intended for the design of a wide area. The purpose of this research is - according to teachers who teach social studies in primary education (4-7) in social studies textbooks- to determine their views on issues of geography. In this context, a group of 50 social studies teachers were interviewed in the central districts of Diyarbakir.. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed by the researchers where open-ended questions were used. Technique was used for data analysis, descriptive analysis of qualitative research approaches. Research findings are themed, frequencies whether the student teachers views were direct quotations. The research findings discussed and recommendations are presented