Knowledge and skill needs of home caregivers and their care burden perceptions

Research problem/aim: Family members are increasingly taking more responsibility for patient care. We were conducted this study to determine knowledge and skill needs of in-home caregivers and their care burden perceptions. Methods: The study was designed as descriptive study. The universe of this study included 350 patients who were registered in a Public Hospital Home Care Services Department by year of 2016 and the research sample consisted of 161 patients and patient relatives. Data was collected to use Patient and Caregiver Forms, Care Burden Scale, and Barthel Index. We were calculated the data with percentage, average, standard deviation, independent samples t test, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests. Finding: Total Care Burden Scale point is 41.32 ± 13.20, caregiver’s age, marital status, educational status, economic status, to get help about care and receiving care duration do not affect CBS points, female caregivers have less CBS points than male caregivers and this difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05), the least skill level part of caregivers are care and prevention of decubitus, patient handling with the proper method, pay attention to their own body mechanisms, wound care, vital measurements, genital care, stress management and constipation. Conclusion: Caregivers have in a low level of training about care and need knowledge and skills according to patient needs. Care burden of men is higher than women

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Nuclear factor-kappa B expression in the endometrium of normal and overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome

WOS: 000411307000017PubMed ID: 28617068The aim of this study was to investigate whether the expression levels of endometrial NF kappa B p65 differ between normal weight and overweight PCOS women and to compare them with BMI-matched control subjects without PCOS. The study group comprised 20 normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) and 15 overweight PCOS women (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) with infertility. Healthy fertile women without PCOS were recruited as the control group. The patients in the normal weight PCOS group and control group were age and BMI-matched. Endometrial samples were obtained during the mid-luteal phase for immunohistochemical staining. The H-Score method was used to evaluate NF-kappa B p65 (Rel A) expression. Both normal and overweight PCOS women demonstrated significantly higher endometrial NF-kappa B p65 expression than the women without PCOS. The H-scores of endometrial NF-kappa B p65 expression were similar in both groups of PCOS women. NF-kappa B p65 was positively correlated with serum insulin, HOMA-IR and total testosterone levels in PCOS women. By leading to pathological inflammation, an increase in NF-kappa B p65 expression in the endometrium of normal and overweight PCOS women may contribute to PCOS-related subfertility. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject: Although the pathogenesis of PCOS has not yet been clarified, low-grade chronic inflammation is gradually being established as an important pathogenetic factor. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. have been reported in women with PCOS. Causes of pathological endometrial inflammation may arise from either a local endometrial disease or linked to diseases which are located in a distant reproductive tissue. Nevertheless, possible role of endometrial NF-kappa B, basic cellular regulatory of inflammation, in the pathophysiology of PCOS related implantation defect has not been elucidated yet. What do the results of this study add: This study provides first and novel insights into the relationship between PCOS related infertility and pathological endometrial inflammation. We demonstrated that there is a close association between PCOS and pathological endometrial inflammation. Moreover, we clearly showed that pathological endometrial inflammation occurs in both normal and overweight women with PCOS. Further, endometrial NF-kappa B p65 (Rel A) expression were found to be positively correlated with serum insulin levels and hyperandrogenism in overweight PCOS women. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice: If we can analyse pathological endometrial inflammation by measuring endometrial NF-kappa B p65 (Rel A) expression, treatment could be directed towards eliminating the source of pathological endometrial inflammation

Oxytocin versus sustained-release dinoprostone vaginal pessary for labor induction of unfavorable cervix with Bishop score >= 4 and >= 6: A randomized controlled trial

WOS: 000317307400006PubMed: 23167718Aim To compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous oxytocin and sustained-release dinoprostone vaginal pessaries for cervical ripening and labor induction in pregnant patients at term with poor Bishop scores. Material and Methods Women at term with a Bishop score 4 and 6 were randomized into two groups to undergo induction of labor with either high-dose oxytocin administered intravenously (n=90) or dinoprostone-only vaginal pessary without oxytocin augmentation (n=90). The main outcome measures were rate of cesarean delivery, induction to delivery interval, number of deliveries achieved within 4, 8, 12, and 16h of labor induction, maternal complications during induction, fetal outcome, and total hospital stay. In this study, per-protocol analysis was performed. Results There were fewer cesarean deliveries with oxytocin compared to dinoprostone-only groups (7/79 vs 14/89); however, the difference was not statistically significant. The inductiondelivery intervals (7.9h vs 12.0h, P<0.001; and 5.7 vs 10.4h, P<0.001; oxytocin vs dinoprostone-only for primiparous and multiparous patients, respectively) were significantly shorter in oxytocin-induced patients compared to dinoprostone-only. A significantly higher percentage of patients delivered in the oxytocin group compared to the dinoprostone-only group in 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20h. Conclusion Intravenous oxytocin is effective to stimulate labor at term for patients with Bishop scores 4 and 6, with a shorter time interval from induction to vaginal delivery

Hypothesis: Co-transfer of genuine embryos and implantation promoting compounds via artificial containers improve endometrium receptivity

WOS: 000403731600017PubMed ID: 28571815As with other organs endometrial functions are altered with the advancing age. Age related decrease in reproductive functions leads to decline in the number of oocytes retrieved and the synthesis of endometrial receptivity molecules. Despite the significant improvement in assisted reproductive technologies we do not have so many options to enhance endometrial receptivity. Due to lack of drugs having endometrium receptivity enhancement properties, oocyte donation seems to be the only solution for women with implantation failure. The euploid oocytes come from young and healthy donors may overcome age associated endometrial receptivity defect. Nevertheless, many reasons restrict us from using oocyte donation in women with implantation failure. We, therefore, hypothesized that by mimicking a young blastocyst's effect on endometrium, the transfer of genuine embryos and implantation-promoting compounds together might be the new treatment option for infertile women with recurrent implantation failure. Artificial beads, MI or GV oocytes, and empty zona can be used as a container for intrauterine replacement of implantation-promoting compounds

Post-partum haemorrhage from the lower uterine segment secondary to placenta praevia/accreta: Successful conservative management with Foley balloon tamponade

WOS: 000293884300018PubMed: 21806571Profuse bleeding from the lower uterine segment secondary to placenta praevia/accreta during caesarean delivery is a challenging problem in obstetrics. We present our experiences using intrauterine Foley balloon tamponade for the conservative management of post-partum haemorrhage from the lower uterine segment. Intraoperative haemostasis was achieved in all women who were unresponsive to other conservative methods. Foley balloon tamponade may be considered in the management of lower uterine segment bleeding at caesarean delivery

Biological, serological, and molecular characterization of citrus tristeza virus isolates from different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey

Field surveys were carried out in 5 different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey in 2005 and 2006, and 201 samples were collected from different citrus species. Samples were tested for the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). While DAS-ELISA showed that 41 trees were infected with CTV, an additional 13 trees were found to be positive based on RT-PCR. When CTV-positive samples were tested with the Western blot method using the monoclonal antibody MCA13, which is specific to severe isolates of CTV, 32 isolates, mostly from satsuma, were found to be positive. These isolates were then verified by bidirectional/PCR (BD/ PCR), allowing differentiation of the MCA13 positive and negative isolates, and detection of mixed infections. The BD/PCR results were generally in agreement with the results of the Western blot assay with MCA13. In total, 28 isolates representing different geographic locations and hosts were selected for biological indexing. Although none of these 28 isolates induced any symptoms in sour orange, grapefruit, or sweet orange, all isolates induced the vein clearing symptom in Mexican lime. Additionally, all the tested satsuma isolates and 1 kumquat isolate produced stem pitting in Mexican lime. The results revealed that potentially severe isolates of CTV are present in different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey. © TÜBİTAK

Can maternal height predict shorter cervical length in asymptomatic low-risk pregnant women?

WOS: 000293727800008PubMed: 21511388Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal height and cervical length in the first and second trimesters in low-risk asymptomatic pregnant women. Study design: Maternal height and cervical length of 146 asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancies at low risk for preterm birth were measured during the first and second trimesters. Preterm birth was defined as birth before 75% (Group III). Cervical lengths were compared among groups. Correlations between cervical length and maternal height and statistically significant differences in cervical length among height percentile groups were the main outcomes. Results: Maternal height was positively but weakly correlated with first and second trimester cervical lengths (p = 0.047, r = 0.167 and p = 0.039, r = 0.197 respectively). The mean first trimester cervical lengths were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences, however, in the mean second trimester cervical lengths among the three groups although the difference was close to significance (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Although our results indicate a relationship between maternal height and cervical length in our population, maternal height seems to have only limited value in identifying women to be screened for shorter cervical length in a low risk asymptomatic population. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Rutin tonsil ve adenoid spesimenlerinin histopatolojik incelemesi: Gerekli bir yaklaşım mı?

Amaç: Bu çalışmada adenoidektomi veya tonsilektomi spesimenlerinin rutin histopatolojik incelemesinin gerekli olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif ve çok merkezli bu çalışmaya adenoidektomi veya tonsilektomi ameliyatı olan 1021 çocuk ve erişkin hasta (557 erkek 464 kadın; ortanca yaş 8 yıl; dağılım 5-13 yıl) dahil edildi. Toplam hastaların 809’u (%79.3) çocuk, 212’si (%20.7) erişkin idi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, histopatolojik tanıları ile malign tanı konulan hastalarda malignite açısından risk faktörleri mevcut hasta kayıtları kullanılarak incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların 396’sına (%38.8) adenotonsilektomi, 266’sına (%26) tonsilektomi, 359’una (%35.2) adenoidektomi yapıldı. Histopatolojik tanı 1021 hastanın 1011’inde (% 99) bening, 11’inde (%1) malign idi. Yalnızca erişkin hastalarda malign tanı mevcuttu. Malign tanı konulan hastaların tümünde cerrahi öncesinde malignite açısından bir veya daha fazla risk faktörü vardı. Cerrahi öncesi risk faktörü taşımayan hiçbir hastada beklenmedik malignite görülmedi. Sonuç: Adenotonsilektomi ameliyatı sonrası, özellikle çocuk hastalar başta olmak üzere, risk faktörü taşımayan hastalarda rutin histopatolojik incelemenin gerekli olmadığı sonucuna varıldı.Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether it is necessary to perform histopathologic examination of the specimens of tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective and multicenter study, 1021 pediatric and adult patients (557 males, 464 females; median age 8 years; range 5 to 13 years) who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy were included. Of the patients, 809 (79.3%) were pediatrics, while 212 (20.7%) were adult. Age, gender, histopathologic diagnosis and risk for malignancy in the patients with malignant diagnosis were reviewed using present patient records. Results: Adenotonsillectomy was performed on 396 patients (38.8%), tonsillectomy on 266 patients (26%) and adenoidectomy on 359 patients (35.2%). Of the 1021 patients, 1011 (99%) received a benign histopathologic diagnosis, while 11 (1%) receieved malignant diagnosis. Malignant diagnosis was present only in adult patients. All patients diagnosed with a malignancy had one or more preoperative risk factors. No unexpected malignant diagnosis was found in any of the patients without preoperative risk factors. Conclusion: We concluded that histopathologic diagnosis may not be required for the patients without preoperative risk factors, particularly pediatric patients