Evaluation of menu-labeling\u27s effect on restaurant patrons\u27 meal choices

U radu je objašnjen način pripreme ulaznih podataka za vezani proračun u programu TRACE. Proračun je izveden za stacionarno stanje i RWAP tranzijent.. Korišteni su podaci za početak života 27. ciklusa izgaranja NE Krško. Prije akcidenta elektrana je u stacionarnom stanju s kontrolnim sklopovima na RIL poziciji. Uspoređeni su rezultati dobiveni pomoću programa RELAP5 i programa TRACE.A TRACE model of NPP Krško reactor vessel was created from existing RELAP5 nodalization data. The document describes methods and procedures used while creating hydraulic components, heat structures and neutron kinetic model in TRACE. Capability of the TRACE model to accurately predict behavior pf charateristic parameters of real power plant was tested by simulating steady state and RWAP transient case. Results were compared with results provided by calculation using program RELAP5

Motion Analysis of a Back Handspring

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint angles and segmental motion of gymnasts during a back handspring in a tumbling series. The difference in lower extremity motion of the individual gymnasts with different levels of experience was compared. Subjects: 13 gymnasts were recruited by gymnastics coaches at Red River Valley Gymnastics. Only subjects with qualifications of being competitive in USA Gymnastics program, varying in levels 5-10, were included. Subjects were required to be able to perform a tumbling series consisting of a round off, a back handspring, and a back tuck-salto on a floor exercise mat independently and in a safe manner. Instrumentation: An eight camera, Vicon Motion System was used for the motion capture and the Vicon Workstation and Polygon 3.0 software was used for analysis and the generation of the reports. Procedure: Prior to beginning the trials, each subject completed a warm-up, followed by a stretching routine. Thirty five reflective markers were placed on the specific bony prominences required by the computer modeling program. Each subject performed up to five trials of the tumbling series with up to a five minute rest period between each trial. Data Analysis: A side view picture was obtained of the initial contact and the second contact of the lower extremities on the floor from the best trial of each subject. The pictures were analyzed qualitatively for the anterior and posterior relationship of the hip, knee, and ankle joint to one other, and to the different levels of the gymnasts. Results and Discussion: In general the higher the level of the gymnast, the more ideal the relationship between the lower extremity segments. The more ideal relationship offered the gymnast better control and ability to obtain the desired motion to progress into the next skill being performed. The middle and lower level athlete\u27s segmental relationships were such that there was not as much control which probably leads to unnecessary body motions, increasing muscle activity, and thus decreasing desired motion to progress into the next skill being performed. In general, the higher level gymnast\u27s body position was closer to the ideal for receiving a higher score by gymnastics judges and the middle and lower level gymnasts had body positions that would normally relate to a lower score. Conclusion and Clinical Implication: It was shown that the upper level gymnasts tended to have hip, knee and ankle positions, relative to each other, that were closest to ideal as compared to the middle and lower level gymnasts. It was also shown that motion analysis can be effective in developing a teaching tool for coaches to promote ideal technique

Eine "Völkerwanderung"? Die Flucht aus Rumänien und die Flüchtlingspolitik in Österreich um 1990

Als sich 1989 der "Eiserne Vorhang" in Europa öffnete, waren im »Westen« die Ängste vor einem ungeregelten Zuzug aus dem sich auflösenden "Ostblock" groß. Dass die Einreise von rumänischen Staatsbürger:innen Anfang der 1990er-Jahre tatsächlich zunahm, wurde als Beleg für die Befürchtungen gesehen. Die Frage nach dem Umgang mit Flüchtlingen aus Rumänien prägte die Auseinandersetzung über Flucht und Migration in Europa jedoch bereits seit Mitte der 1980er-Jahre - auch innerhalb des sozialistischen "Blocks". Wegen der prekären Wirtschaftslage und der repressiven Politik des Ceaușescu-Regimes versuchten immer mehr Menschen Rumänien zu verlassen. Ihre erste Station war meist Ungarn, das als Reaktion auf die Fluchtbewegung 1989 der Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention beitrat und die Arbeit des UNHCR im eigenen Land zuließ, wovon im Sommer 1989 auch Bürger:innen aus der DDR profitierten, die über Ungarn und Österreich in die Bundesrepublik gelangen wollten. Die internationale Hilfe knüpfte an die Erwartung an, dass durch eine bessere Versorgung in Ungarn der Migrationsdruck auf den "Westen" reduziert werden könne. Diese Hoffnung teilte auch Österreich, wo fremdenfeindliche Stimmungen gegenüber Rumän:innen die Asyl- und Flüchtlingspolitik für die kommenden Jahrzehnte prägten.When the "Iron Curtain" opened in Europe in 1989, there were fears in the "West" of an unregulated influx of people from the dissolving "Eastern Bloc". The increased number of Romanian citizens arriving in the early 1990s was seen as proof of a major "exodus". However, the question of how to deal with refugees from Romania had already been shaping the debate on refugees and migration in Europe since the mid-1980s - even within the socialist "bloc". The precarious economic situation and the repressive politics of the Ceaușescu regime meant that more and more people were trying to leave Romania. Their first stop was usually Hungary, which, in response to the flow of refugees, acceded to the Geneva Refugee Convention in 1989 and allowed the UNHCR to work in the country, a development that also supported citizens from the GDR trying to reach the FRG via Hungary and Austria in the summer of 1989. International aid was linked to the expectation that better care in Hungary would reduce the migratory pressure on the "West". This hope was shared by Austria, where xenophobic sentiments toward Romanians shaped asylum and refugee policies for decades to come

Covariance of Microfossil Assemblages and Microbialite Textures Across an Upper Mesoproterozoic Carbonate Platform

Early diagenetic chert nodules and beds in the upper Mesoproterozoic Angmaat (formerly Society Cliffs) Formation, Baffin and Bylot islands, preserve microfossils and primary petrofabrics that record microbial mat deposition and lithification across a range of peritidal carbonate environments. Five distinct microfossil assemblages document the distribution of mat-building and mat-dwelling populations across a gradient from restricted, frequently exposed flats to more persistently subaqueous environments. Mats built primarily by thin filamentous or coccoidal cyanobacteria give way to a series of more robust forms that show increasing assemblage diversity with decreasing evidence of subaerial exposure. Distinct fabric elements are associated with each microbial assemblage, and aspects of these petrofabrics are recognizably preserved within unsilicified carbonate in the same beds. These include some features that are distinctly geologic in nature (e.g., seafloor cements) and others that reflect microbial growth and decomposition (e.g., tufted microbialites). A particularly distinctive, micronodular fabric is here interpreted as carbonate infilling of primary voids within microbial mat structures. Such structures mark the co-occurrence of cyanobacterial photosynthesis that produced oxygen gas, filamentous mat builders that imparted the coherence necessary to trap gas bubbles, elevated carbonate saturation required to preserve void fabrics via penecontemporaneous cementation, and a relative paucity of detrital sediment that would have inhibited mat growth. Petrofabrics preserved in Angmaat samples are widespread in upper Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic carbonate successions but are rare thereafter, perhaps recording, at least in part, the declining carbonate saturation state of seawater. Covariation of microfossil assemblages with petrofabrics in both silicified and unsilicified portions of carbonate beds supports hypotheses that link stromatolite microstructure to the composition and diversity of mat communities.Earth and Planetary SciencesOrganismic and Evolutionary Biolog

Literature review and analysis of itinerant teachers of the hearing impaired located in the midwest: Service delivery model in education

The role and responsibilities of an itinerant teacher of students who are deaf or hard of hearing were investigated to create a database of information about the effective traits of successful itinerant teachers

Creating and measuring dynamic public value at the BBC

Through an applied research process, this IIPP scoping report outlines an early stage prototype of an evaluation framework that can measure dynamic public value at three levels

Age differences in the prosocial influence effect

Social influence occurs when an individual's thoughts or behaviours are affected by other people. There are significant age effects on susceptibility to social influence, typically a decline from childhood to adulthood. Most research has focused on negative aspects of social influence, such as peer influence on risky behaviour, particularly in adolescence. The current study investigated the impact of social influence on the reporting of prosocial behaviour (any act intended to help another person). In this study, 755 participants aged 8–59 completed a computerized task in which they rated how likely they would be to engage in a prosocial behaviour. Afterwards, they were told the average rating (in fact fictitious) that other participants had given to the same question, and then were asked to rate the same behaviour again. We found that participants' age affected the extent to which they were influenced by other people: children (8–11 years), young adolescents (12–14 years) and mid-adolescents (15–18 years) all significantly changed their ratings, while young adults (19–25 years) and adults (26–59 years) did not. Across the three youngest age groups, children showed the most susceptibility to prosocial influence, changing their reporting of prosocial behaviour the most. The study provides evidence that younger people's increased susceptibility to social influence can have positive outcomes

What is the message? Perspectives on Visual Data Communication

Data visualizations are used to communicate messages to diverse audiences. It is unclear whether interpretations of these visualizations match the messages their creators aim to convey. In a mixed-methods study, we investigate how data in the popular science magazine Scientific American are visually communicated and understood. We first analyze visualizations about climate change and pandemics published in the magazine over a fifty-year period. Acting as chart readers, we then interpret visualizations with and without textual elements, identifying takeaway messages and creating field notes. Finally, we compare a sample of our interpreted messages to the intended messages of chart producers, drawing on interviews conducted with magazine staff. These data allow us to explore understanding visualizations through three perspectives: that of the charts, visualization readers, and visualization producers. Building on our findings from a thematic analysis, we present in-depth insights into data visualization sensemaking, particularly regarding the role of messages and textual elements; we propose a message typology, and we consider more broadly how messages can be conceptualized and understood

Preschoolers negatively evaluate social excluders but do not always dis-prefer them

Social exclusion is harmful and leads to negative consequences in the cognitive and social domains (Wesselman & Williams, 2013). Children use strategies to alleviate the negative effects of social exclusions. One of these strategies is to behave in ways that facilitate social connection. For instance, after observing social exclusion young children sit closer to others, remember more social events, and imitate others more accurately (Marinovic et al., 2017; Marinovic & Trauble, 2018; Watson-Jones et al., 2014), tend to remember more social events, and imitate others. The current study investigated cognitive processes that may underlie children’s choices of whom to interact with after exclusion. Specifically, we examined whether 3- to 6- year old children who observed third-party social exclusion detected social exclusion, evaluated excluders negatively, and if watching exclusion influenced their play partner choices. Overall, we found that across age groups, all children detected social exclusion after it occurred (67 of 69, p< 0.01) but did not detect exclusion when it did not occur (2 of 69, p< 0.01). Children also evaluated social excluders more negatively than social includers (b= -0.06, t(67)= 3.11, p= 0.003). With age, children evaluated social excluders more negatively, but children across ages evaluated includers positively. Only 5- and 6-year-olds preferred to play with includers more than excluders. 3- and 4-year-olds did not show a preference for either character. These findings indicated that both younger and older children can detect exclusion and evaluate excluders, but only older children prefer to play with includers over excluders. Future work should examine why younger children do not show similar preferences.Lab for Early Social Cognitio