Keyboard instruments and their repertoire, 1560-1780

The eleven chapters included here are the outcome of interactions between many aspects of musical study, including historical musicology, music analysis, archival work, data management, editing, organology, performance and teaching. Keyboards and their music are a valuable area of study, as their uses and design are critically related to the development of music and performance over several centuries. This was a period that saw the rise of the public concert, significant technological developments in organology, the development of notated teaching methods and the origins of idiomatic instrumental composition. The four sections cover repertoire, composers, sources and instruments from the mid-16thto the late 18th centuries. Discussion of the virginalists includes a fundamental reexamination of the surviving information relating to ornamentation and performance practice, together with a historiographical discussion of Giles Farnaby and his music. Four studies of Bach include practice-led research project, a consideration of a neglected group of pieces with intermittent pedal parts, a typological analysis of cadence types in Bach’s cantata recitatives, and an edition of all the surviving keyboard duos by J. S., W. F., C. P. E. and J. C. Bach. The third section describes a late 17th-century liturgical organ book and an early 18th-century teaching manuscript, while the fourth, devoted to the clavichord, includes a comprehensive discography, a discussion of the role the instrument may have played in French musical culture, and an examination of the sole surviving English clavichord

Trust and privacy in distributed work groups

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Social Computing, Behavioral Modeling and PredictionTrust plays an important role in both group cooperation and economic exchange. As new technologies emerge for communication and exchange, established mechanisms of trust are disrupted or distorted, which can lead to the breakdown of cooperation or to increasing fraud in exchange. This paper examines whether and how personal privacy information about members of distributed work groups influences individuals' cooperation and privacy behavior in the group. Specifically, we examine whether people use others' privacy settings as signals of trustworthiness that affect group cooperation. In addition, we examine how individual privacy preferences relate to trustworthy behavior. Understanding how people interact with others in online settings, in particular when they have limited information, has important implications for geographically distributed groups enabled through new information technologies. In addition, understanding how people might use information gleaned from technology usage, such as personal privacy settings, particularly in the absence of other information, has implications for understanding many potential situations that arise in pervasively networked environments.Preprin

Topography-based modulation of environmental factors as a mechanism for intertidal microhabitat formation: A basis for marine ecological design.

Topographic complexity is often considered to be closely associated with habitat complexity and niche diversity; however, complex topography per se does not imply habitat suitability. Rather, ecologically suitable habitats may emerge if topographic features interact with environmental factors and thereby alter their surrounding microenvironment to the benefit of local organisms (e.g., resource provisioning, stress mitigation). Topography may thus act as a key modulator of abiotic stressors and biotic pressures, particularly in environmentally challenging intertidal systems. Here, we review how topography can alter microhabitat conditions with respect to four resources required by intertidal organisms: a source of energy (light, suspended food particles, prey, detritus), water (hydration, buffering of light, temperature and hydrodynamics), shelter (temperature, wave exposure, predation), and habitat space (substratum area, propagule settlement, movement). We synthesize mechanisms and quantitative findings of how environmental factors can be altered through topography and suggest an organism-centered 'form-follows-ecological-function' approach to designing multifunctional marine infrastructure

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with Parry-Romberg syndrome and en coup de sabre

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to: (i) describe the abnormalities seen on brain imaging in a group of children with en coup de sabre (EDCS) with/without Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS); and (ii) identify clinical predictors of brain imaging abnormalities. METHODS: This was a single centre (Great Ormond Street Hospital, London) retrospective case series of patients with ECDS/PRS seen from 2000 to 2018. We identified patients with cutaneous manifestations consistent with the clinical descriptions of ECDS/PRS. Presenting clinical, laboratory, and radiological brain findings are described. Results are expressed as medians and ranges or frequencies and percentages. Fisher's exact test was used to identify clinical associations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were studied: 6 males and 8 females; median age 14 years (range 3-20). We observed neuroimaging abnormalities in 2/6 ECDS and 5/8 ECDS/PRS patients. White matter signal abnormality, dystrophic calcification, leptomeningeal enhancement, and sulcal crowding were the typical findings on brain imaging. A total of 50% of patients had no MRI abnormality despite some of these patients having neurological symptoms. The presence of seizures was significantly associated with ipsilateral enhanced white matter signalling on MRI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we observed several distinct radiographic patterns associated with ECDS/PRS. Seizure disorder was strongly associated with the presence of ipsilateral enhanced white matter signalling. Improved neuroimaging techniques that combine morphological with functional imaging may improve the detection rate of brain involvement in children with ECDS/PRS in the future

Electron and hole mobility reduction and Hall factor in phosphorus-compensated p-type silicon

The conductivity mobility for majority carrier holes in compensated p-type silicon is determined by combined measurement of the resistivity and the net doping, the latter via electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements. The minority electron mobility was also measured with a technique based on measurements of surface-limited effective carrier lifetimes. While both minority and majority carrier mobilities are found to be significantly reduced by compensation, the impact is greater on the minority electron mobility. The Hall factor, which relates the Hall mobility to the conductivity mobility, has also been determined using the Hall method combined with the capacitance-voltage measurements. Our results indicate a similar Hall factor in both compensated and noncompensated samples.This work was supported by the Australian Research Council ARC and by the DAAD/Go8 researcher exchange funding scheme

A novel HLA-B18 restricted CD8+ T cell epitope is efficiently cross-presented by dendritic cells from soluble tumor antigen

NY-ESO-1 has been a major target of many immunotherapy trials because it is expressed by various cancers and is highly immunogenic. In this study, we have identified a novel HLA-B*1801-restricted CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cell epitope, NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;88–96&lt;/sub&gt; (LEFYLAMPF) and compared its direct- and cross-presentation to that of the reported NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;157–165&lt;/sub&gt; epitope restricted to HLA-A*0201. Although both epitopes were readily cross-presented by DCs exposed to various forms of full-length NY-ESO-1 antigen, remarkably NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;88–96&lt;/sub&gt; is much more efficiently cross-presented from the soluble form, than NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;157–165&lt;/sub&gt;. On the other hand, NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;157–165&lt;/sub&gt; is efficiently presented by NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells and its presentation was not enhanced by IFN-γ treatment, which induced immunoproteasome as demonstrated by Western blots and functionally a decreased presentation of Melan A&lt;sub&gt;26–35&lt;/sub&gt;; whereas NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;88–96&lt;/sub&gt; was very inefficiently presented by the same tumor cell lines, except for one that expressed high level of immunoproteasome. It was only presented when the tumor cells were first IFN-γ treated, followed by infection with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding NY-ESO-1, which dramatically increased NY-ESO-1 expression. These data indicate that the presentation of NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;88–96&lt;/sub&gt; is immunoproteasome dependent. Furthermore, a survey was conducted on multiple samples collected from HLA-B18+ melanoma patients. Surprisingly, all the detectable responses to NY-ESO-1&lt;sub&gt;88–96&lt;/sub&gt; from patients, including those who received NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine were induced spontaneously. Taken together, these results imply that some epitopes can be inefficiently presented by tumor cells although the corresponding CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cell responses are efficiently primed in vivo by DCs cross-presenting these epitopes. The potential implications for cancer vaccine strategies are further discussed