346 research outputs found

    Optimal Control of the Cheetah During Rapid Manoeuvres

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    Cheetahs are incredibly fast, manoeuvrable and highly dynamic, but relatively little is understood about how this is achieved. Thus, understanding their abilities is a subject of research for roboticists and biologists. Trajectory optimisation is a tool often used to increase our understanding of cheetahs, but current approaches which handle the full complexity of poorly understood manoeuvres are slow. The lack of data means that there are no simulated models of cheetahs known to be representative of dynamic movements such as acceleration and turning. In this project, a modelling change is investigated that decreases the time to find trajectories for models involving long serial chains of rigid bodies. Leveraging this development, a software library is created which facilitates the process of finding trajectories of models of legged robots and animals. Using this library, a complex model of a cheetah is developed, based on real data and some experimentation. Finally, the model is used to generate high speed dynamic manoeuvres which present progress towards understanding the incredible abilities of cheetahs

    DNA-probes for the highly sensitive identification of single nucleotide polymorphism using single-molecule spectroscopy

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    AbstractThis article presents a new, highly sensitive method for the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in homogeneous solutions using fluorescently labeled hairpin-structured oligonucleotides (smart probes) and fluorescence single-molecule spectroscopy. While the hairpin probe is closed, fluorescence intensity is quenched due to close contact between the chromophore and several guanosine residues. Upon hybridization to the respective target SNP sequence, contact is lost and the fluorescence intensity increases significantly. High specificity is achieved by blocking sequences containing mismatch with unlabeled oligonucleotides. Time-resolved single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy enables the detection of individual smart probes passing a small detection volume. This method leads to a subnanomolar sensitivity for this single nucleotide specific DNA assay technique

    Logistics outsourcing performance and loyalty behavior : Comparisons between Germany and the United States

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    Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugĂ€nglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how goal achievement and goal exceedance influence the aspects of loyalty in logistics outsourcing relationships. Specifically, it aims to develop and test a model of customer loyalty across two cultures to determine if dedicated strategies for building loyalty are required. Design/methodology/approach – This effort develops a conceptual model that provides a better understanding of the relationship between two dimensions of logistics outsourcing performance (goal achievement and goal exceedance) to loyalty across cultures. The model is then tested using structural equation modeling along with multi-group analysis. Findings – The findings indicate that goal achievement strongly influences the loyalty aspects of retention and referrals, but not extension. Meanwhile, all three dimensions of loyalty were influenced by goal exceedance of the logistics provider. Further, goal achievement was found to have a stronger effect on retention only, with goal exceedance demonstrating a stronger influence on extension and referrals. In addition, cultural differences in the model were identified. Research limitations/implications – Future research should examinemore transactional settings as well as other potential moderators that may be consequential to the examination of loyalty formation. Practical implications – The findings suggest that logistics service providers (LSPs) need to have an appreciation for the differences between goal achievement and goal exceedance as it relates to loyalty formation. In addition, LSPs need to adapt their performance goals based on cultural differences that may exist across their markets. Originality/value – The close examination of the two dimensions of outsourcing performance on three aspects of loyalty behavior builds on the extant literature. The examination across the two national settings provides yet another contribution of the study

    Investigating the trimethylaluminium/water ALD process on mesoporous silica by in situ gravimetric monitoring

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    A low amount of AlOx was successfully deposited on an unordered, mesoporous SiO2 powder using 1–3 ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) cycles of trimethylaluminium and water. The process was realized in a self-built ALD setup featuring a microbalanceand a fixed particle bed. The reactor temperature was varied between 75, 120, and 200 °C. The self-limiting nature of the deposition was verified by in situ gravimetric monitoring for all temperatures. The coated material was further analyzed by nitrogen sorption, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The obtained mass gains correspond to average growth between 0.81–1.10 Å/cycle depending on substrate temperature. In addition, the different mass gains during the half-cycles in combination with the analyzed aluminum content after one, two, and three cycles indicate a change in the preferred surface reaction of the trimethylaluminium molecule from a predominately two-ligand exchange with hydroxyl groups to more single-ligand exchange with increasing cycle number. Nitrogen sorption isotherms demonstrate (1) homogeneously coated mesopores, (2) a decrease in surface area, and (3) a reduction of the pore size. The experiment is successfully repeated in a scale-up using a ten times higher substrate batch size.DFG, 325093850, Open Access Publizieren 2017 - 2018 / Technische UniversitĂ€t Berli

    Energieausgleich als Weg zu sicherer und wirtschaft licher Strom- und WĂ€rme versorgung

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    Schwankungen in der Stromproduktion aus erneuerbaren Energien können durch Energieausgleichstechnologien aufgefangen werden. Dadurch werden Stromnetze entlastet, gleichzeitig wird die Versorgungssicherheit wirtschaftlich sinnvoll gewĂ€hrleistet. Neue Mitgestaltungspotenziale fĂŒr Akteure vor Ort entstehen

    Kompetenzförderung im Naturwissenschaft- und Technik-Unterricht durch den Bau von Aufwindkraftwerksmodellen

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    Naturwissenschaftlich-technische Grundbildung und Kompetenzförderung sind zwei Ziele des Naturwissenschaft- und Technik-Unterrichts. Um diese zu erreichen, integriert das Unterrichts­­konzept Lucycity Problembasiertes Lernen in den Unterricht. Neben dem Konzept wird eine Unterrichtseinheit vorgestellt, bei der die SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler die Aufgabe erhalten ein funktionierendes Modell eines Aufwindkraftwerks zu bauen, eine Versuchsreihe zur Opti­mierung durchzufĂŒhren und die Ergebnisse in einem Fachartikel darzustellen. Die Antworten einer begleitenden Befragung der SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒler stĂ€rken die Vermutung, dass das interdisziplinĂ€re Projekt naturwissenschaftliche Arbeitsweisen, Teamarbeit und die Arbeit mit wissenschaftlichen Texten - teilweise auch geschlechts­spezifisch - fördert.SchlĂŒsselwörter: NwT-Unterricht, Kompetenzförderung, naturwissenschaftlich-technische Arbeits­­weisen, Problembasiertes Lerne

    Problembasiertes Lernen in der LehrkrÀftefortbildung

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    Der Wandel der Gesellschaft verstĂ€rkt die Bedeutung von Kompetenzen fĂŒr lebenslanges Lernen. Um diese Basiskompetenzen zu fördern, wird der Unterricht zunehmend vom konstruktivistischen LernverstĂ€ndnis und seinen Methoden geprĂ€gt und die LehrkrĂ€fte mĂŒssen dementsprechend aus- oder fortgebildet werden. Die Integration von Problembasiertem Lernen in die vorgestellte LehrkrĂ€ftefortbildung stellt eine gute Möglichkeit zum Erwerb entsprechender Kompetenzen dar und steigert gleichzeitig die Verwendungswahrscheinlichkeit im Schulunterricht. 13.05.2016 | Verena Jannack, Jens-Peter Knemeyer & Nicole MarmĂ© (Heidelberg

    Förderung von Computational Thinking durch ein digitales Leitprogramm zur blockbasierten Programmiersprache Snap!

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    In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Leitprogramms zur Förderung von Computational Thinking und Vermittlung von Grundlagen der Snap!-Programmierung vorgestellt. Die Programmierumgebung Snap! wurde gewĂ€hlt, da blockbasierte Programmiersprachen gut fĂŒr AnfĂ€ngerInnen geeignet sind und eine Konzentration auf die logischen Programmstrukturen erlauben. Das vorgestellte Leitprogramm wurde im Design Based Research-Ansatz entwickelt. In einer Pilotierungsphase wurde mit einem mit Lehrvideos unterstĂŒtzen Kurs zur Programmierung von Mikrocontrollern mit Snap!4Arduino begonnen. Nach elf KursdurchlĂ€ufen in vier Zyklen ist durch die BerĂŒcksichtigung von insgesamt 183 SchĂŒlerInnenbefragungen, zwei LehrkrĂ€fteinterviews und elf Kursbeobachtungen das interdisziplinĂ€re, digitale und problembasierte Leitprogramm "Smart City" entstanden. Dabei spielt die Programmierung einer Simulation der Energieversorgung einer virtuellen Stadt als ĂŒbergeordnetes Thema eine zentrale Rolle. In insgesamt zehn Modulen werden wichtige informatischen Konzepte wie Variablen, Kontrollstrukturen und Unterprogrammtechnik behandelt und mit verschiedenen Elementen einer Smart City, wie bspw. Energieerzeuger, Speicher oder Verbraucher verknĂŒpft. Das Leitprogramm wurde in der finalen Version als Moodle-Kurs mit zahlreichen Lernvideos, digitalen Übungseinheiten (in H5P-Formaten) und eingebetteten ProgrammierĂŒbungen realisiert und kann kostenfrei unter www.didaktik-aktuell.de abgerufen werden. (DIPF/Orig.

    Identification of single-point mutations in mycobacterial 16S rRNA sequences by confocal single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy

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    We demonstrate the specific identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) responsible for rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis applying fluorescently labeled DNA-hairpin structures (smart probes) in combination with single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Smart probes are singly labeled hairpin-shaped oligonucleotides bearing a fluorescent dye at the 5â€Č end that is quenched by guanosine residues in the complementary stem. Upon hybridization to target sequences, a conformational change occurs, reflected in a strong increase in fluorescence intensity. An excess of unlabeled (‘cold’) oligonucleotides was used to prevent the formation of secondary structures in the target sequence and thus facilitates hybridization of smart probes. Applying standard ensemble fluorescence spectroscopy we demonstrate the identification of SNPs in PCR amplicons of mycobacterial rpoB gene fragments with a detection sensitivity of 10(−8) M. To increase the detection sensitivity, confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to observe fluorescence bursts of individual smart probes freely diffusing through the detection volume. By measuring burst size, burst duration and fluorescence lifetime for each fluorescence burst the discrimination accuracy between closed and open (hybridized) smart probes could be substantially increased. The developed technique enables the identification of SNPs in 10(−11) M solutions of PCR amplicons from M.tuberculosis in only 100 s
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