690 research outputs found
Entropy of unimodular Lattice Triangulations
Triangulations are important objects of study in combinatorics, finite
element simulations and quantum gravity, where its entropy is crucial for many
physical properties. Due to their inherent complex topological structure even
the number of possible triangulations is unknown for large systems. We present
a novel algorithm for an approximate enumeration which is based on calculations
of the density of states using the Wang-Landau flat histogram sampling. For
triangulations on two-dimensional integer lattices we achive excellent
agreement with known exact numbers of small triangulations as well as an
improvement of analytical calculated asymptotics. The entropy density is
consistent with rigorous upper and lower bounds. The presented
numerical scheme can easily be applied to other counting and optimization
problems.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Entropy Distance: New Quantum Phenomena
We study a curve of Gibbsian families of complex 3x3-matrices and point out
new features, absent in commutative finite-dimensional algebras: a
discontinuous maximum-entropy inference, a discontinuous entropy distance and
non-exposed faces of the mean value set. We analyze these problems from various
aspects including convex geometry, topology and information geometry. This
research is motivated by a theory of info-max principles, where we contribute
by computing first order optimality conditions of the entropy distance.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figure
Widespread Treponema pallidum Infection in Nonhuman Primates, Tanzania
We investigated Treponema pallidum infection in 8 nonhuman primate species (289 animals) in Tanzania during 2015–2017. We used a serologic treponemal test to detect antibodies against the bacterium. Infection was further confirmed from tissue samples of skin-ulcerated animals by 3 independent PCRs (polA, tp47, and TP_0619). Our findings indicate that T. pallidum infection is geographically widespread in Tanzania and occurs in several species (olive baboons, yellow baboons, vervet monkeys, and blue monkeys). We found the bacterium at 11 of 14 investigated geographic locations. Anogenital ulceration was the most common clinical manifestation; orofacial lesions also were observed. Molecular data show that nonhuman primates in Tanzania are most likely infected with T. pallidum subsp. pertenue–like strains, which could have implications for human yaws eradication
VICA, a visual counseling agent for emotional distress
We present VICA, a Visual Counseling Agent designed to create an engaging multimedia face-to-face interaction. VICA is a human-friendly agent equipped with high-performance voice conversation designed to help psychologically stressed users, to offload their emotional burden. Such users specifically include non-computer-savvy elderly persons or clients. Our agent builds replies exploiting interlocutor\u2019s utterances expressing such as wishes, obstacles, emotions, etc. Statements asking for confirmation, details, emotional summary, or relations among such expressions are added to the utterances. We claim that VICA is suitable for positive counseling scenarios where multimedia specifically high-performance voice communication is instrumental for even the old or digital divided users to continue dialogue towards their self-awareness. To prove this claim, VICA\u2019s effect is evaluated with respect to a previous text-based counseling agent CRECA and ELIZA including its successors. An experiment involving 14 subjects shows VICA effects as follows: (i) the dialogue continuation (CPS: Conversation-turns Per Session) of VICA for the older half (age > 40) substantially improved 53% to CRECA and 71% to ELIZA. (ii) VICA\u2019s capability to foster peace of mind and other positive feelings was assessed with a very high score of 5 or 6 mostly, out of 7 stages of the Likert scale, again by the older. Compared on average, such capability of VICA for the older is 5.14 while CRECA (all subjects are young students, age < 25) is 4.50, ELIZA is 3.50, and the best of ELIZA\u2019s successors for the older (> 25) is 4.41
YBCO-buffered NdBCO film with higher thermal stability in seeding REBCO Growth
In this work, we report a strengthened superheating effect caused by a
buffering YBa2Cu3Oy (Y123 or YBCO) layer in the Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (Nd123 or
NdBCO) thin film with MgO substrate (i.e., NdBCO/YBCO/MgO thin film). In the
cold-seeding melt-textured (MT) growth, the NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film presented an
even higher superheating level, about 20 {\deg}C higher than that of
non-buffered NdBCO film (i.e., NdBCO/MgO film). Using this NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film
as seeds and undergoing a maximum processing temperature (Tmax) up to 1120
{\deg}C, we succeeded in growing various RE1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (REBCO, RE=rare
elements) bulk superconductors, including Gd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (GdBCO),
Sm1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (SmBCO) and NdBCO that have high peritectic temperatures
(Tp). The pole figure (X-Ray \phi-scan) measurement reveals that the
NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film has better in-plane alignment than the NdBCO/MgO film,
indicating that the induced intermediate layer improves the crystallinity of
the NdBCO film, which could be the main origin of the enhanced thermal
stability. In short, possessing higher thermal stability and enduring a higher
Tmax in the MT process, the NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film is beneficial to the growth of
bulk superconductors in two aspects: (1) broad application for high-Tp REBCO
materials; (2) effective suppression against heterogeneous nucleation, which is
of great assistance in growing large and high-performance REBCO crystals.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
The relationship between anion exchange and net anion flow across the human red blood cell membrane.
Exactly solvable model of quantum diffusion
We study the transport property of diffusion in a finite translationally
invariant quantum subsystem described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with a
single energy band and interacting with its environment by a coupling in terms
of correlation functions which are delta-correlated in space and time. For weak
coupling, the time evolution of the subsystem density matrix is ruled by a
quantum master equation of Lindblad type. Thanks to the invariance under
spatial translations, we can apply the Bloch theorem to the subsystem density
matrix and exactly diagonalize the time evolution superoperator to obtain the
complete spectrum of its eigenvalues, which fully describe the relaxation to
equilibrium. Above a critical coupling which is inversely proportional to the
size of the subsystem, the spectrum at given wavenumber contains an isolated
eigenvalue describing diffusion. The other eigenvalues rule the decay of the
populations and quantum coherences with decay rates which are proportional to
the intensity of the environmental noise. On the other hand, an analytical
expression is obtained for the dispersion relation of diffusion. The diffusion
coefficient is proportional to the square of the width of the energy band and
inversely proportional to the intensity of the environmental noise because
diffusion results from the perturbation of quantum tunneling by the
environmental fluctuations in this model. Diffusion disappears below the
critical coupling.Comment: Submitted to J. Stat. Phy
Hamiltonian dynamics of the two-dimensional lattice phi^4 model
The Hamiltonian dynamics of the classical model on a two-dimensional
square lattice is investigated by means of numerical simulations. The
macroscopic observables are computed as time averages. The results clearly
reveal the presence of the continuous phase transition at a finite energy
density and are consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively with the
predictions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The Hamiltonian microscopic
dynamics also exhibits critical slowing down close to the transition. Moreover,
the relationship between chaos and the phase transition is considered, and
interpreted in the light of a geometrization of dynamics.Comment: REVTeX, 24 pages with 20 PostScript figure
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