Stofffluss- und Akteursmodell als Grundlage für ein aktives Ressourcenmanagement im Bauwesen von Baden-Württemberg „StAR-Bau“ - Schlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens

Dieser Bericht untersucht aktuelle und zukünftige Stoffströme in einem integrierten, regionalen Stoffstrom- und Akteursmodell für Gebäude und Straßeninfrastrukturen. Die drei Maßnahmen Besteuerung von Primärrohstoffen, Erhöhung von Deponiegebühren und Anpassung von Ausbildungsinhalten ergeben in den Modellberechnungen ein mittleres Ressourcenschonungspotenzial von 30,8 % für Baden-Württemberg bis 2030, also eine Verringerung der kumulierten Stoffstrombilanzen von 119 auf 82 Mio. Tonnen

Biomarkers of brain injury after cardiac arrest; a statistical analysis plan from the TTM2 trial biobank investigators

Background: Several biochemical markers in blood correlate with the magnitude of brain injury and may be used to predict neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. We present a protocol for the evaluation of prognostic accuracy of brain injury markers after cardiac arrest. The aim is to define the best predictive marker and to establish clinically useful cut-off levels for routine implementation. Methods: Prospective international multicenter trial within the Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial in collaboration with Roche Diagnostics International AG. Samples were collected 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours after randomisation (serum) and 0 and 48 hours after randomisation (plasma), and pre-analytically processed at each site before storage in a central biobank. Routine markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B, and neurofilament light, total-tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein will be batch analysed using novel Elecsys® electrochemiluminescence immunoassays on a Cobas e601 instrument. Results: Statistical analysis will be reported according to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) and will include comparisons for prediction of good versus poor functional outcome at six months post-arrest, by modified Rankin Scale (0–3 vs. 4–6), using logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curves, evaluation of mortality at six months according to biomarker levels and establishment of cut-off values for prediction of poor neurological outcome at 95–100% specificities. Conclusions: This prospective trial may establish a standard methodology and clinically appropriate cut-off levels for the optimal biomarker of brain injury which predicts poor neurological outcome after cardiac arrest

Verschleißregression durch interne Maschinensignale

Die Modellierung des Werkzeugverschleißes ist, insbesondere bei der Verarbeitung schwer zerspanbarer Werkstoffe, ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld für die Industrie. Im Folgenden wird ein Regressionsmodell des Werkzeugverschleißes für das Drehen von IN625 vorgestellt. Als relevante Einflussgrößen gelten die internen Maschinensignale und die chemische Zusammensetzung des Werkstücks. Das Modell erreicht bei einer mittleren Breite des Freiflächenverschleißes von 411 µm bis 1213 µm eine Vorhersagegenauigkeit von R² prog = 63,82 %. Tool wear regression using internal machine signals The modelling of tool wear is an important field of research for industry, especially when processing difficult-to-machine materials. In this article, we will present a regression model of tool wear for turning IN625. The internal machine signals and the chemical composition of the workpiece are significant influencing variables. The model achieves a prediction accuracy of R² prog = 63.82 % with an average width of the flank wear of 411 µm to 121 µm

Hypothermia versus normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; the effect on post-intervention serum concentrations of sedatives and analgesics and time to awakening

Background: This study investigated the association of two levels of targeted temperature management (TTM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with administered doses of sedative and analgesic drugs, serum concentrations, and the effect on time to awakening. Methods: This substudy of the TTM2-trial was conducted at three centers in Sweden, with patients randomized to either hypothermia or normothermia. Deep sedation was mandatory during the 40-hour intervention. Blood samples were collected at the end of TTM and end of protocolized fever prevention (72 hours). Samples were analysed for concentrations of propofol, midazolam, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, morphine, oxycodone, ketamine and esketamine. Cumulative doses of administered sedative and analgesic drugs were recorded. Results: Seventy-one patients were alive at 40 hours and had received the TTM-intervention according to protocol. 33 patients were treated at hypothermia and 38 at normothermia. There were no differences between cumulative doses and concentration and of sedatives/analgesics between the intervention groups at any timepoint. Time until awakening was 53 hours in the hypothermia group compared to 46 hours in the normothermia group (p = 0.09). Conclusion: This study of OHCA patients treated at normothermia versus hypothermia found no significant differences in dosing or concentration of sedatives or analgesic drugs in blood samples drawn at the end of the TTM intervention, or at end of protocolized fever prevention, nor the time to awakening

Structure and mechanism of the glycyl radical enzyme pyruvate formate-lyase

Pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) from Escherichia coli uses a radical mechanism to reversibly cleave the C1-C2 bond of pyruvate using the Gly 734 radical and two cysteine residues (Cys 418, Cys 419). We have determined by X-ray crystallography the structures of PFL (non-radical form), its complex with the substrate analog oxamate, and the C418A,C419A double mutant. The atomic model (a dimer of 759-residue monomers) comprises a 10-stranded β/αbarrel assembled in an antiparallel manner from two parallel five-stranded β - sheets; this architecture resembles that of ribonucleotide reductases. Gly 734 and Cys 419, positioned at the tips of opposing hairpin loops, meet in the apolar barrel center (Cα–S γ = 3.7 Å). Oxamate fits into a compact pocket where C2 is juxtaposed with Cys 418S γ (3.3 Å), which in turn is close to Cys 419Sγ (3.7 Å). Our model of the active site is suggestive of a snapshot of the catalytic cycle, when the pyruvate-carbonyl awaits attack by the Cys 418 thiyl radical. We propose a homolytic radical mechanismfor PFL that involves Cys 418 and Cys 419 both as thiyl radicals, with distinct chemical functions