Vapour-liquid equilibria of binary mixtures; an analysis and design of an advanced measuring method of pTx behavior

Methods used for measuring of pTx data of binary mixtures in vapour-liquid equilibrium were critically evaluated including their specific sources of experimental uncertainties. The analysis was used as a basis for design of a measuring method making use of the advantages of recent measuring technique and limiting thus as most as possible experimental uncertainties that stems from the adjustment and measurement of the temperature, pressure and sample composition

Thermodynamic properties working media for absorbing cycles

Report summaries groundwork necessary for description thermodynamic propperties mixtures lithium bromide-water

Low Temperature Densities from (218 to 364) K and up to 50 MPa in Pressure and Surface Tension for Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and Dicyanamide and 1‑Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate

Experimental <i>p</i>-ρ-<i>T</i> data obtained with a constant volume apparatus are reported for two ionic liquids with trihexyl­(tetradecyl)­phosphonium ([THTDP]) cation and bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide, [NTf₂], and dicyanamide, [DCA], anion and for 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C₆MIM]­[PF₆]. The measurements were conducted at temperatures from (218 to 364) K and at nominal pressures of 1 MPa and from (10 to 50) MPa with a 10 MPa step. Thus, the temperature region covered with experimental <i>p</i>-ρ-<i>T</i> data has been substantially extended to lower temperatures for all three substances. The expanded combined uncertainty at the 0.95 confidence level of the reported densities takes its maximum value at the lower end of the temperature interval of the data, namely 1.3 kg·m^–3 (1.3·10^–3ρ) for [THTDP]­[NTf₂], 0.6 kg·m^–3 (0.7·10^–3ρ) for [THTDP]­[DCA], and 1.8 kg·m^–3 (1.4·10^–3ρ) for [C₆MIM]­[PF₆]. The studied ionic liquids show a specific type of the temperature and pressure dependence of their internal pressure, different from that of molecular liquids such as water or aliphatic alcohols. In addition, experimental 0.1 MPa density data and air–liquid surface tension data are reported for both phosphonium based ionic liquids obtained with the buoyancy method and the Wilhelmy plate method, respectively, at temperatures from (263 to 365) K

Mimicking and anticipating others' actions is linked to Social Information Processing

It is widely known that individuals frequently imitate each other in social situations and that such mimicry fulfills an important social role in the sense that it functions as a social glue. With reference to the anticipated action effect, it has recently been demonstrated that individuals do not only imitate others, but also engage in anticipated action before the observed person starts engaging in that action. Interestingly, both phenomena (i.e., mimicry and anticipated action) rely on tracking others' social behavior. Therefore, in the present research we investigated whether mimicry and anticipated action are related to social abilities as indicated by measures of social intelligence. The results demonstrate for the first time that mimicry as well as anticipated action is correlated with an important aspect of social intelligence namely the ability to process social information. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed

<i>P</i>–ρ–<i>T</i> Measurements for 1-Ethyl and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Dicyanamides from Their Melting Temperature to 353 K and up to 60 MPa in Pressure

New experimental data on the density of two 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium based dicyanamides ([C_<i>n</i>-MIM] [N­(CN)₂], <i>n</i> = 2 and 4) are reported, obtained with a constant volume apparatus, which makes possible density measurements at subzero temperatures. The measurements were conducted at temperatures from 350 K down to the melting temperature of the substance and at nominal pressures of 1 MPa and from (10 to 60) MPa with a 10 MPa step. The combined uncertainty at the 0.95 confidence level of the resultant density data is estimated to be less than 1 kg·m^–3, that is, 0.1 % relative to the density value. A group contribution model of the <i>p</i>–ρ–<i>T</i> relation based on a large amount of data by different authors for 1-C_<i>n</i>-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids with <i>n</i> = 2, 4, and 6 and with the [BF₄], [CF₃SO₃], and [N­(CN)₂] anions describes the dependence of density, isobaric expansivity, and isothermal compressibility on temperature, pressure, the length of the alkyl side chain of the cation, and the anion. This makes it possible to obtain the most reliable values of the density and to assess which sets of data can be considered as more certain than others