Pax6 Represses Androgen Receptor-Mediated Transactivation by Inhibiting Recruitment of the Coactivator SPBP

The androgen receptor (AR) has a central role in development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and in the etiology of prostate cancer. The transcription factor Pax6 has recently been reported to act as a repressor of AR and to be hypermethylated in prostate cancer cells. SPBP is a transcriptional regulator that previously has been shown to enhance the activity of Pax6. In this study we have identified SPBP to act as a transcriptional coactivator of AR. We also show that Pax6 inhibits SPBP-mediated enhancement of AR activity on the AR target gene probasin promoter, a repression that was partly reversed by increased expression of SPBP. Enhanced expression of Pax6 reduced the amount of SPBP associated with the probasin promoter when assayed by ChIP in HeLa cells. We mapped the interaction between both AR and SPBP, and AR and Pax6 to the DNA-binding domains of the involved proteins. Further binding studies revealed that Pax6 and SPBP compete for binding to AR. These results suggest that Pax6 represses AR activity by displacing and/or inhibiting recruitment of coactivators to AR target promoters. Understanding the mechanism for inhibition of AR coactivators can give rise to molecular targeted drugs for treatment of prostate cancer

Fagmøte i vegetasjonsøkologi på Kongsvoll 15.-17.3.1981

Suprotno Alexanianu mnogi suvremeni teoretičari i pedagozi prihvatili su u cijelosti onu nerevidiranu Casalsovu tenhiku, koje se je i on sam već bio djelomično odrekao i počeli razvijati tehniku lijeve ruke u pravcu violinske tehnike, pri čemu su prešli u ekstrem. Izdavanjem vlastite škole u Parizu 1910. godine Alexanian je utemeljio i formulirao sve ono što je Casals donio, rješavajući niz problema lijeve i desne ruke koji do tada nigdje nisu bili tretirani ili su bili tretirani na sasvim drugi način

The Nordic Aichi restoration project : How can the Nordic countries implement the CBD-target on restoration of 15% of degraded ecosystems within 2020?

The Convention of Biological Diversity commits the parties to halt the loss of biodiversity within 2020. For accomplishing this task, the Aichi targets have been established. Aichi target 15 aims at restoring 15% of damaged ecosystems by 2020. The Nordic countries are parties to CBD, and committed to the Aichi targets. This project will establish a basis that may be used by the management and political authorities in the Nordic countries for achieving Aichi target 15 on restoration of degraded ecosystems. The report explores the possibilities, limitations and challenges on how ecological restoration can contribute to the Aichi target, based on available knowledge and existing statistics on degraded land and restoration experiences in the Nordic countries and Estonia. This is intended as a contribution for future work at the national level and in local communities