Infliction of Damage to Property by Fraud or Abuse of Trust: Aggregate of Circumstances Essential for Instituting Prosecution (Court Practice Analysis)

The article considers the aggregate of circumstances essential for establishment of infliction of damage to property by fraud or abuse of trust: time, place, modus operandi and other circumstances of the commission of a crime. Using the results of empirical research the authors define the possible forms of criminal act and as well as specific modus operandi for each form. The results of statistical data analysis on the article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation make it possible to note that the large number of indicated crimes are committed in the financial sphere and consumer market providing a choice of methods for calculation of damage inflicted to property.В статье рассматривается совокупность обстоятельств, существенных для установления события причинения имущественного ущерба путем обмана или злоупотребления доверием: время, место, способ и другие обстоятельства совершения преступления. По результатам эмпирического исследования автором определяются возможные формы преступного деяния, а также характерные для каждой формы способы совершения преступлений. По результатам анализа статистических данных по ст. 165 УК РФ отмечается, что большинство указанных преступлений совершаются в сфере финансовой деятельности и потребительского рынка, что обусловливает выбор методик исчисления имущественного ущерба

Statics of Magnetic Fluid Drop with Compound Magnetic Core in a Wedge-Shaped Channel

A behavior of magnetic fluid drop with compound magnetic core in a wedge-shaped channel was studied experimentally. The study examines influence of magnetic fluid properties, its volume and magnetic field on statics of the system compound magnet – magnetic fluid drop in wedge-shaped channel. The possibility to change the static conditions of such system by altering magnetic field of the core was observed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3361

Influence of Brownian Diffusion on Levitation of Bodies in Magnetic Fluid

The present work deals with experimental investigation of the levitation of magnetic and non-magnetic bodies in a magnetic fluid when essentially influenced by Brownian diffusion of magnetic particles in it. It is established that the point of levitation of bodies in a magnetic fluid varies with time. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3365

Statics of Magnetic Fluid Drop with Compound Magnetic Core in a Wedge-Shaped Channel

A behavior of magnetic fluid drop with compound magnetic core in a wedge-shaped channel was studied experimentally. The study examines influence of magnetic fluid properties, its volume and magnetic field on statics of the system compound magnet – magnetic fluid drop in wedge-shaped channel. The possibility to change the static conditions of such system by altering magnetic field of the core was observed

Influence of Brownian Diffusion on Levitation of Bodies in Magnetic Fluid

The present work deals with experimental investigation of the levitation of magnetic and non-magnetic bodies in a magnetic fluid when essentially influenced by Brownian diffusion of magnetic particles in it. It is established that the point of levitation of bodies in a magnetic fluid varies with time

Phenomenological description of the microwave surface impedance and complex conductivity of high-TcT_c single crystals

Measurements of the microwave surface impedance $Z_s(T)=R_s(T)+iX_s(T)$ and of the complex conductivity $\sigma_s(T)$ of high-quality, high-$T_c$ single crystals of YBCO, BSCCO, TBCCO, and TBCO are analyzed. Experimental data of $Z_s(T)$ and $\sigma_s(T)$ are compared with calculations based on a modified two-fluid model which includes temperature-dependent quasiparticle scattering and a unique temperature variation of the density of superconducting carriers. We elucidate agreement as well as disagreement of our analysis with the salient features of the experimental data. Existing microscopic models are reviewed which are based on unconventional symmetry types of the order parameter and on novel mechanisms of quasiparticle relaxation.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, 1 tabl

СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЯ РАСХОДА ГАЗОВ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ РЕАКТИВНОГО МАГНЕТРОННОГО РАСПЫЛЕНИЯ

 It is known that the discharge parameters and the chemical composition of the particles flux impinging onto the substrate during a reactive magnetron sputtering are unstable. As a result spontaneous transitions between the «metal» mode of the target surface and the «poisoned» mode of the target surface have been observed. This leads to nonrepeatability of the coating compositions from process to process. The aim of this work is to design a gas flow control system for reactive sputtering processes. The control system allows to maintain a steady nonequilibrium state of the magnetron discharge in transition mode where the chemical state of the target surface is unstable. The intensities of spectral lines of the discharge spectrum are proposed as control parameters. Photodiode detectors were used for registration of intensities of spectral lines. A gas flow control system regulates argon and reactive gas flow automatically, using feedback signals from photodiode detectors on the intensities of the spectral lines, vacuum gauge, ion current sensor, sensors of discharge current and voltage. As an example, the process of reactive magnetron Ti-Al-N deposition is considered. The following discharge parameters are controlled during sputtering a composite target based on Ti with Al cylindrical inserts: current, voltage, total pressure of a gas mixture, substrate temperature, bias voltage and current of the substrate. Nitrogen flow was controlled by the spectral line intensity of titanium TiI 506,5 nm. The value of the line intensity is connected with the value of reactivity. Elemental composition and structure of the Ti-Al-N coatings were studied using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was found, that stoichiometric Ti-Al-N coatings have a globular structure, enhanced hardness and low friction coefficient in contrast to Ti-Al-N coatings with nonstoichiometric composition, which have a columnar structure. As result, it was shown, that a gas flow control system allows to control stoichiometry composition and physical properties of the deposited coating. Неустойчивость параметров разряда и химического состава потоков частиц, поступающих на подложку, в переходных режимах реактивного магнетронного распыления приводит к невоспроизводимости состава покрытий от процесса к процессу. Целью настоящей работы являлась разработка системы контроля расхода газа, позволяющая стационарно поддерживать неравновесное состояние магнетронного разряда в переходных режимах осаждения с неустойчивым химическим состоянием поверхности мишени. В качестве параметров контроля предложено использовать интенсивности элементов эмиссионного спектра разряда. Для регистрации интенсивностей спектральных элементов (спектральные линии и полосы химических элементов, присутствующих в разряде) применяли фотодиодные датчики. Система контроля расхода газа автоматически регулирует подачу аргона и реактивного газа, используя сигналы обратной связи с оптических датчиков интенсивности спектральных элементов разряда, вакуумметра, датчиков ионного тока, разрядного тока и напряжения. В качестве примера использования системы рассмотрен процесс реактивного магнетронного нанесения покрытий Ti-Al-N. В ходе распыления составной мишени на основе Ti с цилиндрическими Al вставками контролировались следующие параметры разряда: ток, напряжение, суммарное давление смеси аргон – реактивный газ, температура подложки, напряжение и ток смещения на подложке. Напуск азота контролировался по интенсивности спектральной линии титана TiI 506,5 нм, величина интенсивности которой связана со степенью реактивности. Элементный состав и структура сформированных покрытий Ti-Al-N исследовались с помощью резерфордовского обратного рассеяния, растровой электронной микроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа. Установлено, что в осажденных покрытиях Ti‑Al‑N стехиометрического состава столбчатая микроструктура переходит в лобулярную микроструктуру, с повышенной твердостью и низким коэффициентом трения покрытия. Таким образом, показано, что система контроля расхода газа позволяет контролировать стехиометрию состава и физические свойства осаждаемого покрытия.

Клинические наблюдения гигантоклеточного гепатита у детей

Giant cell hepatitis is characterized, by inflammation and large multinucleated. hepatocytes in hepatic parenchyma It is an unusual hepatocytes response to various noxious stimuli, characterized, by presence of multinucleated cells in liver with generally dismal clinical outcome. Giant cell hepatitis is commonly reported, in neonatal and. infantile liver diseases but rarely in adults (postinfantile giant cell hepatitis). Giant cell hepatitis is associated, with many diseases, including drugs toxicity, viral and. autoimmune liver diseases, with autoimmune hepatitis being the most prevalent. We report some clinical cases of giant cell hepatitis with review of literature regarding various etiological agents and their respective prognostic outcome.Гигантоклеточный гепатит, характеризуется наличием воспалительного инфильтрата и гигантских многоядерных клеток в печеночной паренхиме. Гигантоклеточная трансформация представляет, собой необычный ответ, гепатоцитов на различные повреждающие факторы, обычно с неблагоприятным, клиническим, исходом. Гигантоклеточный гепатит, обычно наблюдается при неонатальных и инфантильных заболеваниях печени и редко у взрослых (постинфантильный гигантоклеточный гепатит). Гигантоклеточный гепатит, ассоциируется со многими заболеваниями, включая токсическое воздействие лекарственных средств, вирусные и аутоиммунные заболевания печени. Наиболее распространенным, является аутоиммунный гепатит. Мы сообщаем, о нескольких клинических случаях гигантоклеточного гепатита с обзором, литературы, относительно различных этиологических агентов и их соответствующих прогностических результатов

Clinical Use and Therapeutic Potential of IVIG/SCIG, Plasma-Derived IgA or IgM, and Other Alternative Immunoglobulin Preparations

Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin preparations, consisting of IgG class antibodies, are increasingly used to treat a broad range of pathological conditions, including humoral immune deficiencies, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. A plethora of Fab- or Fc-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms has been described that might act separately or in concert, depending on pathogenesis or stage of clinical condition. Attempts have been undertaken to improve the efficacy of polyclonal IgG preparations, including the identification of relevant subfractions, mild chemical modification of molecules, or modification of carbohydrate side chains. Furthermore, plasma-derived IgA or IgM preparations may exhibit characteristics that might be exploited therapeutically. The need for improved treatment strategies without increase in plasma demand is a goal and might be achieved by more optimal use of plasma-derived proteins, including the IgA and the IgM fractions. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge and future strategies to improve the efficacy of regular IgG preparations and discusses the potential of human plasma-derived IgA, IgM, and preparations composed of mixtures of IgG, IgA, and IgM

CONCENTRATIONS OF IgG SUBCLASSES IN ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW RECIPIENTS

A sufficient increase of infectious complications rate during early posttransplant period in allogeneic bone marrow (allo-BM) recipients has been traditionally explained by the prominent drop of serum IgG levels in the patients. That was the main reason for therapeutic application of intravenous human immunoglobulins in allo-BM-recipients. In present study, multiple repeated measurements of different IgG subclasses were performed in blood serum of thirty-six patients at early terms after allogenic bone marrow transplantation period, along with analysis of individual clinical data. The study revealed several factors that show significant associations with IgG levels posttransplant. Moderate decrease in concentrations of IgG subclasses was registered after conditioning treatment carried out before the transplantation. Significantly decreased concentrations of IgG subclasses have been revealed during bleedings, diarrhea and glucocorticosteroid therapy. In general, however, no regular prolonged deficiency for total IgG subclasses was found in allogeneic bone marrow recipients during early posttransplant period