Application of spectrophotometers

Práce pojednává o významné analytické metodě – spektrofotometrii. Základem je měření absorpce záření v určitém rozsahu vlnových délek. Na tomto principu lze stanovit absorbanci a transmitanci měřených vzorků. Práce dále popisuje jevy, které souvisí s excitací molekul. Patří mezi ně absorpce, vibrační relaxace, vnitřní konverze, mezisystémový přechod, fluorescence, fosforescence a zpožděná fluorescence. Praktická část zahrnuje tři experimentální měření. V prvním měření jsou zjišťovány koncentrace roztoků manganistanu draselného. V druhém experimentu se ověřuje platnost Lambert-Beerova zákona. V třetím experimentu je měřena fluorescence fluoresceinu a zjišťována závislost koncentrace fluoroforu na intenzitě fluorescence. Měření probíhá v prostředí SpectraSuite s využitím školních spektrometrů USB2000+ a USB650 Red Tide.The work deals with the important analytical method - spectrometry. It is based on measurement of absorption of radiation in a wavelength range. On this principle can determine the absorbance and transmittance of the measured samples. The thesis also describes events related to the excitation of molecules. These include absorption, vibrational relaxation, internal conversion, inter-system crossing, fluorescence, phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence. The practical part includes three experimental measurements. The first measurement is the concentrations of potassium permanganate solution. In a second experiment, verifying the validity of Lambert-Beer law. In the third experiment, the fluorescence measurement of fluorescein and detection of fluorophore concentration dependence on fluorescence intensity. Measurement is performed in an environment SpectraSuite with the use of school spectrometers USB2000 + and USB650 Red Tide.

Electrophoretic and immunofluorescence methods for study of plant cell cultures

Působením různorodých stresových faktorů prostředí vznikají v organismech reaktivní formy kyslíku a dusíku, které mají negativní dopad na daný organismus. Rostliny si proto vybudovaly efektivní antioxidační systém, který jim pomáhá bránit se negativním účinkům reaktivních forem kyslíku a dusíku. V práci byl sledován vliv peroxidu vodíku a benzoátu sodného na produkci peroxidu vodíku, superoxid anion radikálu, reaktivních forem dusíku a malondialdehydu obsažených v kořenové a nadzemní části kukuřice seté (Zea mays L.). Pomocí fluorescenční mikroskopie byly získány obrazy příčného řezu kořene, ze kterých byla určena intenzita fluorescence jednotlivých částí kořene a sledován vliv intenzity fluorescence markerů oxidativního stresu v závislosti na typu použitého fluorescenčního filtru.In all organisms are rising a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by the effects of various stress factors and these species have a negative impact on the organism. Due to this species plants have built up an efficient antioxidant system, that helps them to resist negative effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this work was researched the effect of hydrogen peroxide and sodium benzoate on the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, reactive nitrogen species and malondialdehyde, contained in the root and above-ground part of maize (Zea mays L.). By use of the fluorescence microscopy there were obtained images of cross-cut of root from which was determined the intensity of fluorescence of individual parts of the root and was examined the effect of the intensity of fluorescence markers of oxidative stress in dependence on the type of the fluorescence filter used.

Test of exposiv partitions in anestetic praxis.

Na anesteziologických pracovištích se pracovníci denně setkávají s různými látkami a materiály. Jsou vystaveni riziku vypuknutí požáru nebo výbuchu? Touto otázkou se zabývám ve své práci, která je zaměřena na kontrole koncentrací výbušných látek používaných při anestesii. S tím souvisí prostudování u plynů a par těkavých kapalin jejich koncentrace, výbušnost, hořlavost a další vlastnosti. U plynů a par těkavých látek mě zajímá bezpečnost a jejich včasná identifikace při úniku na anesteziologických pracovištích, dále pak prostudování systému detekce a detektorů samotných. Seznámím se s plynovými analyzátory firmy Brűel & Kjaer.On anesteziologic workplace are workers meet with various substances and materials every day. Are they put at risk of outbreak of fire or explosion? I´m going to put mind to this issue in my work, which is aimed at monitoring concentrations of explosive substances used in anesthesia. A related study of gases and vapors of volatile liquids concentration, explosiveness, flammability and other properties. I'm interesting in security and the timely identification of gases and vapors of volatile substances of the leak of anesthetic workplace, then studying the detection system and the detectors themselves. I meet with gas analyzers of company Brűel & Kjaer.

Stochastic Calculus and Its Applications in Biomedical Practice

V předložené práci je definována stochastická diferenciální rovnice a jsou uvedeny její základní vlastnosti. Stochastické diferenciální rovnice se používají k popisu fyzikálních jevů, které jsou ovlivněny i náhodnými vlivy. Řešením stochastického modelu je náhodný proces. Cílem analýzy náhodných procesů je konstrukce vhodného modelu, který umožní porozumět mechanismům, na jejichž základech jsou generována sledovaná data. Znalost modelu také umožňuje předvídání budoucnosti a je tak možné kontrolovat a optimalizovat činnost daného systému. V práci je nejdříve definován pravděpodobnostní prostor a Wienerův proces. Na tomto základě je definována stochastická diferenciální rovnice a jsou uvedeny její základní vlastnosti. Závěrečná část práce obsahuje příklad ilustrující použití stochastických diferenciálních rovnic v praxi.In the presented dissertation is defined the stochastic differential equation and its basic properties are listed. Stochastic differential equations are used to describe physical phenomena, which are also influenced by random effects. Solution of the stochastic model is a random process. Objective of the analysis of random processes is the construction of an appropriate model, which allows understanding the mechanisms. On their basis observed data are generated. Knowledge of the model also allows forecasting the future and it is possible to control and optimize the activity of the applicable system. In this dissertation is at first defined probability space and Wiener process. On this basis is defined the stochastic differential equation and the basic properties are indicated. The final part contains biology model illustrating the use of the stochastic differential equations in practice.

New Synthetic Pyridine Derivate as Potential Elicitor in Production of Isoflavonoids and Flavonoids in Trifolium pratense L. Suspension Culture

The production of secondary metabolites in Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture of the family of legume plants (Fabaceae) is low, and therefore there was an attempt to increase it by elicitation. New synthetic substance, 2-(2-fluoro-6-nitrobenzylsulfanyl)pyridine-4-carbothioamide, was tested as elicitor—a substance that showed the best elicitation effect after 48-hour application of 1 μmol L−1 concentration. Maximum contents of genistin (11.60 mg g−1 DW), daidzein (8.31 mg g−1 DW), and genistein (1.50 mg g−1 DW) were recorded, and the production of these isoflavonoids thus significantly increased, when compared with the control, by 152%, 151%, and 400%. The maximum content of flavonoids (5.78 mg g−1 DW) and the increase in the production by 142%, when compared with the control, were induced by 6-hour application of 100 μmol L−1 concentration. The tested substance showed to be an effective elicitor of phenylpropane metabolism

Rep-PCR typing of Staphylococcus spp. strains in meat paste production line and identification of their origin

A meat paste production line and its microbial parameters have been evaluated in single Czech company. The raw meat paste samples before heat treatment were tested positively for the presence of three staphylococci species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Subsequent microbial analysis of meat paste components and ingredients (fresh meat, water, spices, equipment) identified only the spices used as positive for S. aureus (coriander, cinnamon, badian, mustard – (10 - 40 cfu/g)) and S. haemolyticus strains (juniper, ginger). The collection of sixteen collected strains (S. aureus (n = 4), S. haemolyticus (n = 4), S. epidermidis (n = 8)) has been typed with the rep-PCR method utilising (GTG)5 primer. Analysis of the fingerprints using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering method revealed presence of eleven strain clusters with similarity lower than 90%: two fingerprint clusters of S. aureus, three individual clusters characteristic for S. haemolyticus and six different S. epidermidis specific clusters. The S. aureus strains from different types of spice were identical, resp. very similar. Molecular tracking composed from the rep-PCR analysis of acquired isolates and comparison among all collected fingerprints confirmed the spices to be the source of both S. aureus and S. haemolyticus strains identified in raw meat paste. The additional rep-PCR analysis of the S. epidermidis collection confirmed usability and performance of this method. The antibiotic susceptibility to fourteen individual antibiotics has been examined among the collected staphylococci strains. The predominant erythromycin resistance (68.8%) was followed with the resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (56.2%). Other resistances observed were less frequent (clindamycin – 12.5%, oxacillin – 6.3%, tetracycline – 6.3%, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim – 6.3%, chloramphenicol – 6.3%, novobiocin – 6.3%). As shown by our experimental results, rep-PCR with the (GTG)5 primer is an applicable tool for typing of bacterial strains and may be used for identifying the source of contamination

Light interception principally drives the understory response to boxelder invasion in riparian forests

Since several decades, American boxelder (Acer negundo) is replacing white willow (Salix alba) riparian forests along southern European rivers. This study aims to evaluate the consequences of boxelder invasion on understory community in riparian areas. We determined the understory species richness, composition and biomass in boxelder and white willow stands located in three riparian forests, representative of three rivers with distinct hydrological regimes. We investigated correlation of these variables to soil moisture and particle size, main soil nutrient stocks, potential nitrification and denitrification, tree canopy cover and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) at the ground level. A greenhouse experiment was then conducted to identify the causal factors responsible for changes in the understory. The effect of soil type, PAR level and water level on the growth and the biomass production of Urtica dioica were examined. A lower plant species richness and biomass, and a modification of community composition were observed for boxelder understory in all sites, regardless of their environmental characteristics. The strongest modification that follows boxelder invasion was the decline in U. dioica, the dominant species of the white willow forest understory. These differences were mainly correlated with a lower incident PAR under boxelder canopy. The greenhouse experiment identified PAR level as the main factor responsible for the changes in U. dioica stem number and biomass. Our results indicate that adult boxelder acts as an ecosystem engineer that decreases light availability. The opportunistic invasion by boxelder leads to important understory changes, which could alter riparian ecosystem functioning

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Activation of seniors with the help of yoga

My final work is aimed at the activation of seniors with help of yoga. The purpose of this work was to describe theoretically the benefits of yoga and of physical activity in senescence. With help of a questionnaire, we proved the effects of yoga in practise. The theoretical part describes movement and it's features, the philosophy of yoga, which is fundamental for the practise. The practical part is divided in two parts: a sample lesson for seniors and a questionnaire-survey. The survey is aimed at elderly people who have been exercising yoga for a long time. In the conclusion we confirmed our two hypotheses concerning the activation of seniors with the help of yoga

CranioSacral Therapy

This thesis deals with craniosacral therapy. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the history, industry and principles of this method. It also gives basic information about craniosacral treatment and highlights the work of the craniosacral therapist. The work also describes the effect of stress on human health and shows the importance of psychosomatic view of the individual. It also aims to look abroad and shows two studies that examine the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy. The practical part aims to obtain empirical data using the questionnaire