294 research outputs found

    Statistical measures of distribution patterns of silicon and calcium in marine sedimentary layers

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    International audienceWe analyze electron microscope X-ray spectroscopy data of recent supratidal marine sediments. Statistical measures are used to characterize the distribution of silicon and calcium in different layers of the sediments. We also use cluster analysis and symbolic dynamics to filter measurement noise and to classify different density regions. This allows to calculate characteristic patch sizes which reflect the sizes of individual clastic grains and the corresponding pore sizes. Silicon indicates the independent processes in the sedimentation history of certain grains. Calcium is capable to monitor intrinsic early diagenetic processes of biogeochemical calcium mineralization of primary organic matter as documented in more organized distributions with higher clustering

    Magnetization plateaux of S = 1/2 two-dimensional frustrated antiferromagnet Cs2_2CuBr4_4

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    The field induced magnetic phase transitions of Cs2_2CuBr4_4 were investigated by means of magnetization process and neutron scattering experiments. This system undergoes magnetic phase transition at Ne\'{e}l temperature TN=1.4T_\mathrm{N}=1.4 K at zero field, and exhibits the magnetization plateau at approximately one third of the saturation magnetization for the field directions HbH\parallel b and HcH\parallel c. In the present study, additional symptom of the two-third magnetization plateau was found in the field derivative of the magnetization process. The magnetic structure was found to be incommensurate with the ordering vector Q=(0,0.575,0)\boldsymbol{Q}=(0, 0.575, 0) at zero field. With increasing magnetic field parallel to the c-axis, the ordering vector increases continuously and is locked at Q=(0,0.662,0)\boldsymbol{Q}=(0, 0.662, 0) in the plateau field range 13.1T<H<14.4T13.1 \mathrm{T} < H < 14.4 \mathrm{T}. This indicates that the collinear \textit{up-up-down} spin structure is stabilized by quantum fluctuation at the magnetization plateau.Comment: 6 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses iopams.sty and IOPART.CL

    Occupation time limits of inhomogeneous Poisson systems of independent particles

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    We prove functional limits theorems for the occupation time process of a system of particles moving independently in RdR^d according to a symmetric α\alpha-stable L\'evy process, and starting off from an inhomogeneous Poisson point measure with intensity measure μ(dx)=(1+xγ)1dx,γ>0\mu(dx)=(1+|x|^{\gamma})^{-1}dx,\gamma>0, and other related measures. In contrast to the homogeneous case (γ=0)(\gamma=0), the system is not in equilibrium and ultimately it vanishes, and there are more different types of occupation time limit processes depending on arrangements of the parameters γ,d\gamma, d and α\alpha. The case γ<d<α\gamma<d<\alpha leads to an extension of fractional Brownian motion.Comment: 22 page

    Dataset for SERS plasmonic array: Width, spacing, and thin film oxide thickness optimization

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    Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves the scope and power of Raman spectroscopy by taking advantage of plasmonic nanostructures, which have the potential to enhance Raman signal strength by several orders of magnitude, which can allow for the detection of analyte molecules. The dataset presented provides results of a computational study that used a finite element method (FEM) to model gold nanowires on a silicon dioxide substrate. The survey calculated the surface average of optical surface enhancement due to plasmonic effects across the entire model and studied various geometric parameters regarding the width of the nanowires, spacing between the nanowires, and thickness of the silicon dioxide substrate. From this data, enhancement values were found to have a periodicity due to the thickness of the silicon dioxide. Additionally, strong plasmonic enhancement for smaller distances between nanowires were found, as expected; however, additional surface enhancement at greater gap distances were observed, which were not anticipated, possibly due to resonance with periodic dimensions and the frequency of the light. This data presentation will benefit future SERS studies by probing further into the computational and mathematical material presented previously

    Study of Field-Induced Magnetic Order in Singlet-Ground-State Magnet CsFeCl3_3

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    The field-induced magnetic order in the singlet-ground-state system CsFeCl3_3 has been studied by measuring magnetization and neutron diffraction. The field dependence of intensity for the neutron magnetic reflection has clearly demonstrated that the field-induced ordered phase is described by the order parameter . A condensate growth of magnons is investigated through the temperature dependence of MzM_z and MM_{\perp}, and this ordering is discussed in the context of a magnon Bose-Einstein condensation. Development of the coherent state and the static correlation length has been observed in the incommensurate phase in the field region of 5Hc5 H_{\rm c}, a satellite peak was found in coexistence with the commensurate peak at the phase boundary around 10 T, which indicates that the tilt of the c-axis would be less than 0.5\sim 0.5^{\circ} in the whole experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

    Carrier-envelope offset stable, coherently combined ytterbium-doped fiber CPA delivering 1 kW of average power

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    We present a carrier-envelope offset (CEO) stable ytterbium-doped fiber chirped-pulse amplification system employing the technology of coherent beam combining and delivering more than 1 kW of average power at a pulse repetition rate of 80 MHz. The CEO stability of the system is 220 mrad rms, characterized out-of-loop with an f -to-2f interferometer in a frequency offset range of 10 Hz to 20 MHz. The high-power amplification system boosts the average power of the CEO stable oscillator by five orders of magnitude while increasing the phase noise by only 100 mrad. No evidence of CEO noise deterioration due to coherent beam combining is found. Low-frequency CEO fluctuations at the chirped-pulse amplifier are suppressed by a “slow loop” feedback. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a coherently combined laser system delivering an outstanding average power and high CEO stability at the same time. © 2020 Optical Society of Americ

    More than sense of place? Exploring the emotional dimension of rural tourism experiences

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    It is widely suggested that participation in rural tourism is underpinned by a sense of rural place or “rurality”. However, although nature and the countryside have long been recognised as a source of spiritual or emotional fulfilment, few have explored the extent to which tourism, itself often claimed to be a sacred experience, offers an emotional/spiritual dimension in the rural context. This paper addresses that literature gap. Using in-depth interviews with rural tourists in the English Lake District, it explores the extent to which, within respondents’ individual understanding of spirituality, a relationship exists between sense of place and deeper, emotional experiences and, especially, whether participation in rural tourism may induce spiritual or emotional responses. The research revealed that all respondents felt a strong attachment to the Lake District; similarly, and irrespective of their openness to spirituality, engaging in rural tourism activities resulted in highly emotive experiences for all respondents, the description/interpretation of such experiences being determined by individual “beliefs”. However, sense of place was not a prerequisite to emotional or spiritual experiences. Being in and engaging with the landscape � effectively becoming part of it � especially through physical activity is fundamental to emotional responses
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