61,266 research outputs found
Active cooling requirements for propellant storage
Recent NASA and DOD mission models have indicated future needs for orbital cryogenic storage and supply systems. Two thermal control systems which show the greatest promise for improving propellant storage life were evaluated. One system was an open cycle thermodynamic vent type with a refrigeration system for partial hydrogen reliquefaction located at the LH2 tank and a vapor cooled shield for integrated and non-integrated tank designs to reduce boiloff. The other was a closed system with direct refrigeration at the LH2 tank. A reversed Brayton cycle unit was baselined for the propellant processor. It is concluded that: (1) reliquefaction systems are not attractive for minimizing propellant boiloff; (2) open cycle systems may not be economically attractive for long term storage; (3) a number of refrigeration systems are available to assist in the long term storage of cryogenic propellants; and (4) shields can significantly improve the performance of mechanical coolers
Polarization characteristics of the Crab pulsar's giant radio pulses at HFCs phases
We discuss our recent discovery of the giant radio emission from the Crab
pulsar at its high frequency components (HFCs) phases and show the polarization
characteristic of these pulses. This leads us to a suggestion that there is no
difference in the emission mechanism of the main pulse (MP), interpulse (IP)
and HFCs. We briefly review the size distributions of the Crab giant radio
pulses (GRPs) and discuss general characteristics of the GRP phenomenon in the
Crab and other pulsars.Comment: AIP Conference Proceedings "Astrophysical Sources of High Energy
Particles and Radiation", eds. T. Bulik et al. (NY:AIP), Volume 801, 2005,
pp. 324-32
Comparison of giant radio pulses in young pulsars and millisecond pulsars
Pulse-to-pulse intensity variations are a common property of pulsar radio
emission. For some of the objects single pulses are often 10-times stronger
than their average pulse. The most dramatic events are so-called giant radio
pulses (GRPs). They can be thousand times stronger than the regular single
pulses from the pulsar. Giant pulses are a rare phenomenon, occurring in very
few pulsars which split into two groups. The first group contains very young
and energetic pulsars like the Crab pulsar, and its twin (PSR B0540-69) in the
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), while the second group is represented by old,
recycled millisecond pulsars like PSR B1937+21, PSR B1821-24, PSR B1957+20 and
PSR J0218+4232 (the only millisecond pulsar detected in gamma-rays). We compare
the characteristics of GRPs for these two pulsar groups. Moreover, our latest
findings of new features in the Crab GRPs are presented. Analysis of our
Effelsberg data at 8.35 GHz shows that GRPs do occur in all phases of its
ordinary radio emission, including the phases of the two high frequency
components (HFCs) visible only between 5 and 9 GHz.Comment: Proceedings of the 363. WE-Heraeus Seminar on: Neutron Stars and
Pulsars (Posters and contributed talks) Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, Germany,
May.14-19, 2006, eds. W.Becker, H.H.Huang, MPE Report 291, pp.64-6
The multi-scale nature of the solar wind
The solar wind is a magnetized plasma and as such exhibits collective plasma
behavior associated with its characteristic spatial and temporal scales. The
characteristic length scales include the size of the heliosphere, the
collisional mean free paths of all species, their inertial lengths, their
gyration radii, and their Debye lengths. The characteristic timescales include
the expansion time, the collision times, and the periods associated with
gyration, waves, and oscillations. We review the past and present research into
the multi-scale nature of the solar wind based on in-situ spacecraft
measurements and plasma theory. We emphasize that couplings of processes across
scales are important for the global dynamics and thermodynamics of the solar
wind. We describe methods to measure in-situ properties of particles and
fields. We then discuss the role of expansion effects, non-equilibrium
distribution functions, collisions, waves, turbulence, and kinetic
microinstabilities for the multi-scale plasma evolution.Comment: 155 pages, 24 figure
Structural and mechanical effects of interstitial sinks Interim technical report, 8 Mar. 1968 - 8 Mar. 1969
Structural and mechanical effects of interstitial sinks in niobium and alloys of niobium and tantalu
Structural and mechanical effects of interstitial sinks
Structural changes in niobium base alloys induced by exposure to titanium interstitial sink at elevated temperatur
Quantum theory of large amplitude collective motion and the Born-Oppenheimer method
We study the quantum foundations of a theory of large amplitude collective
motion for a Hamiltonian expressed in terms of canonical variables. In previous
work the separation into slow and fast (collective and non-collective)
variables was carried out without the explicit intervention of the Born
Oppenheimer approach. The addition of the Born Oppenheimer assumption not only
provides support for the results found previously in leading approximation, but
also facilitates an extension of the theory to include an approximate
description of the fast variables and their interaction with the slow ones.
Among other corrections, one encounters the Berry vector and scalar potential.
The formalism is illustrated with the aid of some simple examples, where the
potentials in question are actually evaluated and where the accuracy of the
Born Oppenheimer approximation is tested. Variational formulations of both
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian type are described for the equations of motion for
the slow variables.Comment: 29 pages, 1 postscript figure, preprint no UPR-0085NT. Latex + epsf
styl
Self-consistent theory of large amplitude collective motion: Applications to approximate quantization of non-separable systems and to nuclear physics
The goal of the present account is to review our efforts to obtain and apply
a ``collective'' Hamiltonian for a few, approximately decoupled, adiabatic
degrees of freedom, starting from a Hamiltonian system with more or many more
degrees of freedom. The approach is based on an analysis of the classical limit
of quantum-mechanical problems. Initially, we study the classical problem
within the framework of Hamiltonian dynamics and derive a fully self-consistent
theory of large amplitude collective motion with small velocities. We derive a
measure for the quality of decoupling of the collective degree of freedom. We
show for several simple examples, where the classical limit is obvious, that
when decoupling is good, a quantization of the collective Hamiltonian leads to
accurate descriptions of the low energy properties of the systems studied. In
nuclear physics problems we construct the classical Hamiltonian by means of
time-dependent mean-field theory, and we transcribe our formalism to this case.
We report studies of a model for monopole vibrations, of Si with a
realistic interaction, several qualitative models of heavier nuclei, and
preliminary results for a more realistic approach to heavy nuclei. Other topics
included are a nuclear Born-Oppenheimer approximation for an {\em ab initio}
quantum theory and a theory of the transfer of energy between collective and
non-collective degrees of freedom when the decoupling is not exact. The
explicit account is based on the work of the authors, but a thorough survey of
other work is included.Comment: 203 pages, many figure
Updated results on prototype chalcogenide fibers for 10-um wavefront spatial filtering
The detection of terrestrial planets by Darwin/TPF missions will require
extremely high quality wavefronts. Single-mode fibers have proven to be
powerful beam cleaning components in the near-infrared, but are currently not
available in the mid-infrared where they would be critically needed for
Darwin/TPF. In this paper, we present updated measurements on the prototype
chalcogenide fibers we are developing for the purpose of mid-infrared spatial
filtering. We demonstrate the guiding property of our 3rd generation component
and we characterize its filtering performances on a 4 mm length: the far-field
radiation pattern matches a Gaussian profile at the level of 3% rms and 13%
pk-pk.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference
"Toward Other Earths, Darwin/TPF and the search for extrasolar terrestrial
planets", held in Heidelberg, Germany, 22-25 April 2003, ESA SP-53
- …