661 research outputs found
Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor
Nanomechanical devices have attracted the interest of a growing
interdisciplinary research community, since they can be used as highly
sensitive transducers for various physical quantities. Exquisite control over
these systems facilitates experiments on the foundations of physics. Here, we
demonstrate that an optically trapped silicon nanorod, set into rotation at MHz
frequencies, can be locked to an external clock, transducing the properties of
the time standard to the rod's motion with the remarkable frequency stability
of . While the dynamics of
this periodically driven rotor generally can be chaotic, we derive and verify
that stable limit cycles exist over a surprisingly wide parameter range. This
robustness should enable, in principle, measurements of external torques with
sensitivities better than 0.25zNm, even at room temperature. We show that in a
dilute gas, real-time phase measurements on the locked nanorod transduce
pressure values with a sensitivity of 0.3%.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Probing Macroscopic Quantum Superpositions with Nanorotors
Whether quantum physics is universally valid is an open question with
far-reaching implications. Intense research is therefore invested into testing
the quantum superposition principle with ever heavier and more complex objects.
Here we propose a radically new, experimentally viable route towards studies at
the quantum-to-classical borderline by probing the orientational quantum
revivals of a nanoscale rigid rotor. The proposed interference experiment
testifies a macroscopic superposition of all possible orientations. It requires
no diffraction grating, uses only a single levitated particle, and works with
moderate motional temperatures under realistic environmental conditions. The
first exploitation of quantum rotations of a massive object opens the door to
new tests of quantum physics with submicron particles and to quantum gyroscopic
torque sensors, holding the potential to improve state-of-the art devices by
many orders of magnitude.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Cavity-assisted manipulation of freely rotating silicon nanorods in high vacuum
Optical control of nanoscale objects has recently developed into a thriving
field of research with far-reaching promises for precision measurements,
fundamental quantum physics and studies on single-particle thermodynamics.
Here, we demonstrate the optical manipulation of silicon nanorods in high
vacuum. Initially, we sculpture these particles into a silicon substrate with a
tailored geometry to facilitate their launch into high vacuum by laser-induced
mechanical cleavage. We manipulate and trace their center-of-mass and
rotational motion through the interaction with an intense intra-cavity field.
Our experiments show optical forces on nanorotors three times stronger than on
silicon nanospheres of the same mass. The optical torque experienced by the
spinning rods will enable cooling of the rotational motion and torsional
opto-mechanics in a dissipation-free environment.Comment: 8 page
An international registry for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
We report the development of an international registry for Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), in the context of TIRCON (Treat Iron-Related Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration), an EU-FP7-funded project. This registry aims to combine scattered resources, integrate clinical and scientific knowledge, and generate a rich source for future research studies. This paper describes the content, architecture and future utility of the registry with the intent to capture as many NBIA patients as possible and to offer comprehensive information to the international scientific community
Full rotational control of levitated silicon nanorods
We study a nanofabricated silicon rod levitated in an optical trap. By
manipulating the polarization of the light we gain full control over the
ro-translational dynamics of the rod. We are able to trap both its
centre-of-mass and align it along the linear polarization of the laser field.
The rod can be set into rotation at a tuned frequency by exploiting the
radiation pressure exerted by elliptically polarized light. The rotational
motion of the rod dynamically modifies the optical potential, which allows
tuning of the rotational frequency over hundreds of Kilohertz. This ability to
trap and control the motion and alignment of nanoparticles opens up the field
of rotational optomechanics, rotational ground state cooling and the study of
rotational thermodynamics in the underdamped regime.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 4 Supplementary pages, 4 Supplementary figure
Does ohmic heating influence the flow field in thin-layer electrodeposition?
In thin-layer electrodeposition the dissipated electrical energy leads to a
substantial heating of the ion solution. We measured the resulting temperature
field by means of an infrared camera. The properties of the temperature field
correspond closely with the development of the concentration field. In
particular we find, that the thermal gradients at the electrodes act like a
weak additional driving force to the convection rolls driven by concentration
gradients.Comment: minor changes: correct estimation of concentration at the anode,
added Journal-re
Applications and data analysis of next-generation sequencing
Over the past 6 years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been established as a valuable high-throughput method for research in molecular genetics and has successfully been employed in the identification of rare and common genetic variations. Although the high expectations regarding the discovery of new diagnostic targets and an overall reduction of cost have been achieved, technological challenges in instrument handling, robustness of the chemistry, and data analysis need to be overcome. Each workflow and sequencing platform have their particular problems and caveats, which need to be addressed. Regarding NGS, there is a variety of different enrichment methods, sequencing devices, or technologies as well as a multitude of analyzing software products available. In this manuscript, the authors focus on challenges in data analysis when employing different target enrichment methods and the best applications for each of the
Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies in children and adolescents: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials.
INTRODUCTION: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies are the first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, open questions remain with respect to efficacy: why does this first-line treatment not work for everyone? For whom does it work best? Individual clinical trials often do not provide sufficient statistical power to examine and substantiate moderating factors. To overcome the issue of limited power, an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials evaluating forms of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years will be conducted. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will update the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline literature search from 2018 with an electronic search in the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL with the terms (trauma* OR stress*) AND (cognitive therap* OR psychotherap*) AND (trial* OR review*). Electronic searches will be supplemented by a comprehensive grey literature search in archives and trial registries. Only randomised trials that used any manualised psychological treatment-that is a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents-will be included. The primary outcome variable will be child-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) post-treatment. Proxy-reports (teacher, parent and caregiver) will be analysed separately. Secondary outcomes will include follow-up assessments of PTSS, PTSD diagnosis and symptoms of comorbid disorders such as depression, anxiety-related and externalising problems. Random-effects models applying restricted maximum likelihood estimation will be used for all analyses. We will use the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to measure risk of bias. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Contributing study authors need to have permission to share anonymised data. Contributing studies will be required to remove patient identifiers before providing their data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019151954
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