Numerical evaluation of bioaccumulation and depuration kinetics of PAHs in Mytilus galloprovincialis

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important organic pollutants in the aquatic environment due to their persistence and bioaccumulation potential both in organisms and in sediments. Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) and phenanthrene (PHE), which are in the priority pollutant list of the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), are selected as model compounds of the present study. Bioaccumulation and depuration experiments with local Mediterranean mussel species, Mytilus galloprovincialis were used as the basis of the study. Mussels were selected as bioindicator organisms due to their broad geographic distribution, immobility and low enzyme activity. Bioaccumulation and depuration kinetics of selected PAHs in Mytilus galloprovincialis were described using first order kinetic equations in a three compartment model. The compartments were defined as: (1) biota (mussel), (2) surrounding environment (seawater), and (3) algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) as food source of the mussels. Experimental study had been performed for three different concentrations. Middle concentration of the experimental data was used as the model input in order to represent other high and low concentrations of selected PAHs. Correlations of the experiment and model data revealed that they are in good agreement. Accumulation and depuration trend of PAHs in mussels regarding also the durations can be estimated effectively with the present study. Thus, this study can be evaluated as a supportive tool for risk assessment in addition to monitoring studies.</p

Influence of distributional shape of substance parameters on exposure model output

Uncertainty of environmental concentrations is calculated with the regional multimedia exposure model of EUSES 1.0 by considering probability input distributions for aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, and octanol-water partition coefficient, K-ow. Only reliable experimentally determined data are selected from available literature for eight reference chemicals representing a wide substance property spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with uniform, triangular, and log-normal input distributions to assess the influence of the choice of input distribution type on the predicted concentration distributions. The impact of input distribution shapes on output variance exceeds the effect on the output mean by one order of magnitude. Both are affected by influence and uncertainty (i.e., variance) of the input variable as well. Distributional shape has no influence when the sensitivity function of the respective parameter is perfectly linear. For nonlinear relationships, overlap of probability mass of input distribution with influential ranges of the parameter space is important. Differences in computed output distribution are greatest when input distributions differ in the most influential parameter range

Short-term extractability of sulfadiazine after application to soils

The long-term environmental fate of the veterinary antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ) in soils is determined by a reversible sequestration into a residual fraction and an irreversible formation of non-extractable residues (NER), which can be described as first-order rate processes. However, the concentration dynamics of the resulting fractions of SDZ in soil show an unexplained rapid reduction of extractability during the first 24 h. We therefore investigated the short-term extractability of SDZ in two different soils under different SDZ application procedures over 24 h: with and without manure, for air-dried and for moist soils. In all batches, we observed an instantaneous loss of extractability on a time scale of minutes as well as kinetically determined sequestration and NER formation over 24 h. Data evaluation with a simple kinetic model led to the conclusion that application with manure accelerated the short-term formation of NER, whereas sequestration was very similar for all batches

Application of Multimedia Models for Screening Assessment of Long-Range Transport Potential and Overall Persistence

Contains fulltext : 36102.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Modellierung von Schadstofffluessen in Flusseinzugsgebieten

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8422(2004,19) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Verteilung von Umweltchemikalien in einem standardisierten oekologischen System Vergleich und Optimierung von Rechenmodellen anhand von Ergebnissen aus Experimenten

The fate of the following test chemicals in an aquatic ecosystem was investigated: 2 optical Brighteners, Trichlorbenzene, Nonylphenol, Dodecylphthalimide, Basic Green 4, Direct Blue 86, Acid Red 183 and a cationic surfactant. The following tasks were completed: - Development of analytical methods for determination of the compounds in various environmental compartments; - determination of the parameters for the important processes like hydrolysis, photolysis and biodegradation; - contamination of an artificial outdoor pond with the compounds and measuring the substance concentrations in the pond compartments with time; - comparison of experimental data with model calculations and optimization of the fugacity model used with respect to the results. (orig.)Das Umweltverhalten folgender Testchemikalien in einem aquatischen System wurde untersucht: optische Aufheller, Trichlorbenzol, Nonylphenol, Dodecylphtalimid, Acid Red 183, Direct Blue 86, Basic Green 4 und ein kationisches Tensid. Dazu gehoerte insbesondere: - Die Entwicklung der entsprechenden Spurenanalytik der Substanzen aus verschiedenen Umweltmedien; -die Bestimmung der Parameter wichtiger Prozesse wie Photolyse, Bioabbau, Hydrolyse; - das Einsetzen der Substanzen in einen kuenstlichen Freilandteich und die Bestimmung der zeitl. Konzentrationsverlaeufe in den einzelnen Kompartimenten; - Vergleich der gemessenen Daten mit Modellrechnungen und Optimierung des verwendeten Fugazitaetsmodells anhand der Ergebnisse. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(92-048) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekUmweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in the Transboundary Vecht River (Germany and The Netherlands)

Millions of people rely on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to prevent and cure a wide variety of illnesses in humans and animals, which has led to a steadily increasing consumption of APIs across the globe and concurrent releases of APIs into the environment. In the environment, APIs can have a detrimental impact on wildlife, particularly aquatic wildlife. Therefore, it is essential to assess their potential adverse effects to aquatic ecosystems. The European Water Framework Directive sets out that risk assessment should be performed at the catchment level, crossing borders where needed. The present study defines ecological risk profiles for surface water concentrations of 8 APIs (carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, cyclophosphamide, diclofenac, erythromycin, 17α‐ethinylestradiol, metformin, and metoprolol) in the Vecht River, a transboundary river that crosses several German and Dutch regions. Ultimately, 3 main goals were achieved: 1) the geo‐referenced estimation of API concentrations in surface water using the geography‐referenced regional exposure assessment tool for European rivers; 2) the derivation of new predicted‐no‐effect concentrations for 7 of the studied APIs, of which 3 were lower than previously derived values; and 3) the creation of detailed spatially explicit ecological risk profiles of APIs under 2 distinct water flow scenarios. Under average flow conditions, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and 17α‐ethinylestradiol were systematically estimated to surpass safe ecological concentration thresholds in at least 68% of the catchment's water volume. This increases to 98% under dry summer conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:648–662. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETA

Ecotoxicity dataset associated with “Ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the transboundary Vecht River (Germany/Netherlands)”

In our article “Ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the transboundary Vecht River (Germany/Netherlands)” (https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5062) we defined unique ecological risk profiles for surface water concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the Vecht River. Therefore, it was necessary to collect up-to-date ecotoxicity effect data. The present dataset provides the aquatic toxicity data used to determine predicted environmental concentrations (PNEC) for a selection of pharmaceuticals. A wealth of effect data from scientific literature, databases and other sources was collected, cleaned and harmonized. The dataset was created with particular focus on 8 pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, cyclophosphamide, diclofenac, erythromycin, 17α-ethinylestradiol, metformin, and metoprolol), although data on more than 220 substances from scientific literature were also extracted in the process. Details on the character and the purpose of the research, the nature of the data, the way the data were collected, processed and analysed are provided

Analysis, fate and effects of the antibiotic sulfadiazine in soil ecosystems.

This review summarizes current knowledge about the interplay between fate and effects of the antibiotic sulfadiazine in soil ecosystems. In applying manure from antibiotic-treated animals to arable soils, sulfadiazine can reach the environment, but fate and transformation processes and the consequences for soil microorganisms and soil functions have not been studied adequately. Since antibiotics are explicitly designed to affect microorganisms, they are likely to affect &quot;non-target&quot; microbes in the soil ecosystem. Recent papers provide new insights into the disappearance dynamics of sulfadiazine, its effects on distinct microbial communities and the development of antibiotic resistance