"Med æreglans i minne" - Fortellingsanalyser av Oscar Albert Johnsens Norges bønder (1919) og Halvdan Kohts Norsk bondereising (1926)

The research done on historians Oscar Albert Johnsen and Halvdan Koht's works has been largely characterized by an approach as to where the historians' political context has been a premise to both understand and interpret their historical texts. Because of this, the research done on Johnsen and Koht's books is mainly done from a perspective in which the historians' political party affiliation – to Bondepartiet and Arbeiderpartiet respectively – has been heavily emphasised as a means to understanding their works. Using this as the premise for the interpretations have, however, led to interpretations that have not necessarily been derived from the narratives themselves. In my thesis, I have been applying Hayden White and Jörn Rüsen's typologies in order to identify what kind of narratives that exist in the books I have analysed. In the analysis, I have mainly identified two types of historical narratives that have been used in order to portray the Norwegian peasants' past. One of them is the traditional narrative, which emphasises the importance of traditions, as they are seen as necessary conditions for present forms of life. The other type of historical narrative is the genetical narrative. This type articulates the need for humans to adjust their lives to change, in order to deal with the inevitable alterations of time. Based on my findings, in accordance with White and Rüsen's typologies, I have furthermore, according to Quentin Skinner's approach to textual interpretation, studied how the narratives act in relations to one another. Moreover, I have applied these findings with the purpose of comprehending how the narratives may have functioned in their original context.Historie mastergradsoppgaveMAHF-HISMAHF-LÆHRHIS35

Differential Effects of Krill Oil and Fish Oil on the Hepatic Transcriptome in Mice

Dietary supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), specifically the fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3), is known to have beneficial health effects including improvements in glucose and lipid homeostasis and modulation of inflammation. To evaluate the efficacy of two different sources of ω-3 PUFAs, we performed gene expression profiling in the liver of mice fed diets supplemented with either fish oil (FO) or krill oil (KO). We found that ω-3 PUFA supplements derived from a phospholipid krill fraction (KO) downregulated the activity of pathways involved in hepatic glucose production as well as lipid and cholesterol synthesis. The data also suggested that KO-supplementation increases the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Surprisingly, an equimolar dose of EPA and DHA derived from FO modulated fewer pathways than a KO-supplemented diet and did not modulate key metabolic pathways regulated by KO, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Moreover, FO upregulated the cholesterol synthesis pathway, which was the opposite effect of krill-supplementation. Neither diet elicited changes in plasma levels of lipids, glucose, or insulin, probably because the mice used in this study were young and were fed a low-fat diet. Further studies of KO-supplementation using animal models of metabolic disorders and/or diets with a higher level of fat may be required to observe these effects

Interplay between the heterotrimeric G-protein subunits Gαq and Gαi2 sets the threshold for chemotaxis and TCR activation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>TCR and CXCR4-mediated signaling appears to be reciprocally regulated pathways. TCR activation dampens the chemotactic response towards the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12, while T cells exposed to CXCL12 are less prone to subsequent TCR-activation. The heterotrimeric G proteins G_αqand G_αi2have been implicated in CXCR4-signaling and we have recently also reported the possible involvement of G_αqin TCR-dependent activation of Lck (Ngai et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 2008, 38: 32083218). Here we examined the role of G_αqin migration and TCR activation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pre-treatment of T cells with CXCL12 led to significantly reduced Lck Y394 phosphorylation upon TCR triggering indicating heterologous desensitization. We show that knockdown of G_αqsignificantly enhanced basal migration in T cells and reduced CXCL12-induced SHP-1 phosphorylation whereas G_αi2knockdown inhibited CXCL12-induced migration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data suggest that G_αi2confers migration signals in the presence of CXCL12 whereas G_αqexerts a tonic inhibition on both basal and stimulated migrational responses. This is compatible with the notion that the level of G_αqactivation contributes to determining the commitment of the T cell either to migration or activation through the TCR.</p

Kome til deg i Tidende – a meta newspaper

Two mass produced newspapers, an exhibition in a meta newspaper, 55,0000 circulation. Sogn og Fjordane Kunstmuseum is opening a new museum of Contemporary Art in Sogn og Fjordane County on the west coast of Norway and the news will be spread via the publication – a meta newspaper – ain’t no mountain high enough, ain’t no valley low enough, ain’t no fjord wide enough to keep us from GETTING TO YOU TIDENDE. Working collaboratively with artists, writers, and local reporters the two issues of the GETTING TO YOU TIDENDE are planned for the lead-up to the museum opening in Autumn 2012. Arriving in the homes of more than 40,000 homes in the region the project will develop new ways to connect the museum to its largely rural audience, as well as connecting the museum to new possibilities and contexts across the world. In wishing to find new ways to explore the region, its context and its meaning, GETTING TO YOU TIDENDE will use the mosaic form of a newspaper to reveal and exhibit new histories, urgencies and relationships of the region. Each issue will be formed out of a searching playful exploration of two fundamental questions and propositions – what is the news, and why are you here are? Unfolding between May – September 2012 GETTING TO YOU TIDENDE will stage an experiment with the form an exhibition can take. GETTING TO YOU TIDENDE – a meta newspaper is an art project idea by Lars Sture, in development with the curatorial team of Anne-Marie Creamer and Kjetil Berge

Monitoring farmed fish welfare by measurement of cortisol as a stress marker in fish feces by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

The aquaculture industry has become a sustainable source of food for humans. Remaining challenges include disease issues and ethical concerns for the discomfort and stress of farmed fish. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to monitor welfare in fish, and the stress hormone cortisol has been suggested as a good candidate. This study presents a novel method for measurement of cortisol in fish feces based on enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, derivatization, and finally instrumental analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis and extraction conditions were optimized. Cortisol appeared to be mostly conjugated to sulfate and less conjugated to glucuronic acid in the studied samples of feces from farmed Atlantic salmon. The method was suitable for quantification of cortisol after enzymatic deconjugation by either combined glucuronidase and sulfatase activity, or by glucuronidase activity alone. The limit of detection was 0.15 ng/g, the limit of quantification was 0.34 ng/g, and the method was linear (R2 > 0.997) up to 380 ng/g, for measurement of cortisol in wet feces. Method repeatability and intermediate precision were acceptable, both with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 11%. Stress level was high in fish released into seawater, and significantly reduced after eight days.publishedVersio

Krill oil attenuates left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction in rats

Background: In the western world, heart failure (HF) is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular mortality. Supplement with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to improve cardiac function in HF and to decrease mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). The molecular structure and composition of n-3 PUFA varies between different marine sources and this may be of importance for their biological effects. Krill oil, unlike fish oil supplements, contains the major part of the n-3 PUFA in the form of phospholipids. This study investigated effects of krill oil on cardiac remodeling after experimental MI. Rats were randomised to pre-treatment with krill oil or control feed 14 days before induction of MI. Seven days post-MI, the rats were examined with echocardiography and rats in the control group were further randomised to continued control feed or krill oil feed for 7 weeks before re-examination with echocardiography and euthanization. Results: The echocardiographic evaluation showed significant attenuation of LV dilatation in the group pretreated with krill oil compared to controls. Attenuated heart weight, lung weight, and levels of mRNA encoding classical markers of LV stress, matrix remodeling and inflammation reflected these findings. The total composition of fatty acids were examined in the left ventricular (LV) tissue and all rats treated with krill oil showed a significantly higher proportion of n-3 PUFA in the LV tissue, although no difference was seen between the two krill oil groups. Conclusions: Supplement with krill oil leads to a proportional increase of n-3 PUFA in myocardial tissue and supplement given before induction of MI attenuates LV remodeling

On the Doorstep of Adulthood: Empowering Economic and Fertility Choices of Young Women

We report from a large-scale randomized controlled trial of women empowerment in Tanzania investigating how two different empowerment strategies, economic empowerment and reproductive health empowerment, shape the economic and fertility choices of young women when they transition into adulthood. The analysis builds on a rich data set (survey, experimental, and medical data) collected over more than five years. The economic empowerment reduces poverty, while teenage pregnancy increases with both economic and reproductive health empowerment. The increase in fertility comes from a positive income effect and by women entering earlier into a relationship. We also provide evidence of the importance of social norms and labor market flexibility in explaining the income and relationship effects on fertility. The findings provide new insights on the economics of fertility, and show the importance of a comprehensive approach to women empowerment

MODEL KEMITRAAN BISNIS DONAT MADU CIHANJUANG: Studi Deskriptif pada Mitra Usaha Donat Madu Cihanjuang Se-Bandung Raya

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model pengembangan bisnis yang dilakukan oleh Donat Madu Cihanjuang melalui model kemitraan. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada model kemitraan pola waralaba sesuai yang diterapkan bisnis tersebut dengan subyek penelitian mitra usaha Donat Madu Cihanjuang yang berada di kawasan Bandung Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Gambaran umum mengenai alur kerja kemitraan Donat Madu Cihanjuang se-Bandung Raya (2) Kualitas hubungan kemitraan (3) Efektifitas pemasaran masing-masing mitra usaha (4) Tingkat keberhasilan usaha masing-masing mitra usaha. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini melalui studi kepustakaan, observasi dan instrument angket. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis melalui tahap display data, verifikasi data dan penegasan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Ketepatan alur kemitraan pola waralaba berada pada kriteria tinggi (2) Kualitas hubungan kemitraan berada pada kriteria sangat tinggi (3) efektifitas pemasaran berada pada kriteria tinggi (4) Tingkat keberhasilan usaha berada pada kriteria tinggi. ---------- The background in this research is to find out about business model developing of Donat Madu Cihanjuang by means of partnership model. This research focusing to partnership model system franchise that appropriate and applying from this business. Subject in this research is Donat Madu Cihanjuang partners in Bandung Metropolitan area. This research aims to know about (1) activity groove partnership of Donat Madu Cihanjuang in Bandung Metropolitan area (2) Quality of partner relationship (3) Marketing product efectivity each labor partnership (4) Level of business success each labor partnership. This research using quantitative and qualitative descriptive method. The techniques of collection data by study literature, observation and questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through the stage of data display, data verification, and finally through the assertion conclusion. This result show that are (1) activity groove partnership is in high criteria (2) Quality of partner relationship is in very high criteria (3) Marketing product efectivity is in high criteria (4) Level of business success is in high criteria

Food2Learn: Positive association between omega-3 index and cognition in healthy adolescents

Poster presentation at: 5th Mind-Body Interface International Symposium. Oct. 20-21, 2015, Taichung, Taiwa