27 research outputs found
At the crossroads of logics: Automating newswork with artificial intelligence : (Re)defining journalistic logics from the perspective of technologists
As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become more ubiquitous for streamlining and optimizing work, they are entering fields representing organizational logics at odds with the efficiency logic of automation. One such field is journalism, an industry defined by a logic enacted through professional norms, practices, and values. This paper examines the experience of technologists developing and employing natural language generation (NLG) in news organizations, looking at how they situate themselves and their technology in relation to newswork. Drawing on institutional logics, a theoretical framework from organizational theory, we show how technologists shape their logic for building these emerging technologies based on a theory of rationalizing news organizations, a frame of optimizing newswork, and a narrative of news organizations misinterpreting the technology. Our interviews reveal technologists mitigating tensions with journalistic logic and newswork by labeling stories generated by their systems as nonjournalistic content, seeing their technology as a solution for improving journalism, enabling newswork to move away from routine tasks. We also find that as technologists interact with news organizations, they assimilate elements from journalistic logic beneficial for benchmarking their technology for more lucrative industries.Peer reviewe
Managing Injuries of the Neck Trial (MINT) : design of a randomised controlled trial of treatments for whiplash associated disorders
Background: A substantial proportion of patients with whiplash injuries develop chronic
symptoms. However, the best treatment of acute injuries to prevent long-term problems is
uncertain. A stepped care treatment pathway has been proposed, in which patients are given advice
and education at their initial visit to the emergency department (ED), followed by review at three
weeks and physiotherapy for those with persisting symptoms. MINT is a two-stage randomised
controlled trial to evaluate two components of such a pathway: 1. use of The Whiplash Book versus
usual advice when patients first attend the emergency department; 2. referral to physiotherapy
versus reinforcement of advice for patients with continuing symptoms at three weeks.
Methods: Evaluation of the Whiplash Book versus usual advice uses a cluster randomised design
in emergency departments of eight NHS Trusts. Eligible patients are identified by clinicians in
participating emergency departments and are sent a study questionnaire within a week of their ED
attendance. Three thousand participants will be included. Patients with persisting symptoms three
weeks after their ED attendance are eligible to join an individually randomised study of
physiotherapy versus reinforcement of the advice given in ED. Six hundred participants will be
randomised. Follow-up is at 4, 8 and 12 months after their ED attendance. Primary outcome is the
Neck Disability Index (NDI), and secondary outcomes include quality of life and time to return to
work and normal activities. An economic evaluation is being carried out.
Conclusion: This paper describes the protocol and operational aspects of a complex intervention
trial based in NHS emergency and physiotherapy departments, evaluating two components of a
stepped-care approach to the treatment of whiplash injuries. The trial uses two randomisations,
with the first stage being cluster randomised and the second individually randomised
Expression of uPAR in tumor-associated stromal cells is associated with colorectal cancer patient prognosis: a TMA study
Mechanical reliability of the Jarvik 2000 Heart - Discussion
Background. Device failure is a limitation of permanent mechanical circulatory support. We studied the mechanical reliability of the Jarvik 2000 Heart, an axial flow pump with ceramic bearings designed to provide more than 10 years' durability. Methods. The Jarvik 2000 Heart was implanted in 102 patients between April 2000 and December 2004. Eighty-three pumps with an abdominal driveline were implanted as a bridge-to-transplantation, and 19 with post-auricular power supply as lifetime therapy. Eighteen pumps were recovered intact after clinical use and run continuously on the bench to further assess durability. Results. No implantable component failure occurred either in patients or during bench testing. The cumulative pump run-time was 110 years: 59 years overall in vivo and 51 years in vitro. The mean support time for bridge-to-transplant recipients was 159 days, and for discharged lifetime-therapy recipients 551 days. Six recipients were supported moer than 2 years, with the longest ongoing approaching 5 years. External cables caused three system failures, with a 95% freedom from system failure at 4 years. Device malfunctions, related to external cables ( 9) and lack of a backup battery ( 1), caused no adverse consequences. Before introduction of noncorrosive, gold-plated stainless steel connectors, corrosion was observed on three connectors to the retroauricular power supply. Conclusions. The Jarvik 2000 Heart has had no implantable component failure. Meaningful durability data and failure mode can only be established by real-time testing in patients. The reliability and dependability of this device, in addition to the exchangeability of external components, give promise for long-term circulatory support in critically ill heart failure patients
Lactate-Modulated Induction of THBS-1 Activates Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta2 and Migration of Glioma Cells In Vitro
We define a regulatory cascade between lactate, THBS-1 and TGF-beta2, leading to enhanced migration of glioma cells. Our results demonstrate a specific interaction between tumor metabolism and migration and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying glioma cell invasion
Are risk factors of childhood asthma predicting disease persistence in early adulthood different in the developing world?
Hollow rhodoliths increase Svalbard's shelf biodiversity
Rhodoliths are coralline red algal assemblages that commonly occur in marine habitats from the tropics to polar latitudes. They form rigid structures of high-magnesium calcite and have a good fossil record. Here I show that rhodoliths are ecosystem engineers in a high Arctic environment that increase local biodiversity by providing habitat. Gouged by boring mussels, originally solid rhodoliths become hollow ecospheres intensely colonised by benthic organisms. In the examined shelf areas, biodiversity in rhodolith-bearing habitats is significantly greater than in habitats without rhodoliths and hollow rhodoliths yield a greater biodiversity than solid ones. This biodiversity, however, is threatened because hollow rhodoliths take a long time to form and are susceptible to global change and anthropogenic impacts such as trawl net fisheries that can destroy hollow rhodoliths. Rhodoliths and other forms of coralline red algae play a key role in a plurality of environments and need improved management and protection plans