Booze and women: Gendering labor market outcomes of secular consumption patterns in a Muslim society

This study explores the effect of religion on female labor force participation (FLFP) in a Muslim country, Turkey, by using the information in the consumption data as a signal of secularity. A household is categorized as secular, if its members report that they consume goods that contradict the conservative interpretations of Islam. This information is then used in FLFP estimations. The analysis is carried out for married and single females, separately. The results show that, living in a secular household has a positive and highly significant effect on the probability of FLFP in the urban areas. Secularity is also associated with a reduction in unpaid work, which is the most widespread form of female employment in rural areas in Turkey. For the single females, whose mean age is lower, the estimations provide some weaker evidence on the positive effect of secularity on the probability of educational participation, while no significant direct effect on paid work is found

Booze and women: Gendering labor market outcomes of secular consumption patterns in a Muslim society

This study explores the effect of religion on female labor force participation (FLFP) in a Muslim country, Turkey, by using the information in the consumption data as a signal of secularity. A household is categorized as secular, if its members report that they consume goods that contradict the conservative interpretations of Islam. This information is then used in FLFP estimations. The analysis is carried out for married and single females, separately. The results show that, living in a secular household has a positive and highly significant effect on the probability of FLFP in the urban areas. Secularity is also associated with a reduction in unpaid work, which is the most widespread form of female employment in rural areas in Turkey. For the single females, whose mean age is lower, the estimations provide some weaker evidence on the positive effect of secularity on the probability of educational participation, while no significant direct effect on paid work is found

Minimum wage, fringe benefits, overtime payments and the gender wage gap

This paper investigates the impact of an increase in the minimum wage on the gender gap at various levels of employee compansation, namely, base wage, fringe benefits, overtime payments and probability of getting these extra income components. Using the matched employer-employee database for the Portuguese labor market, we explore the 1998 amendment to the MW law that increased the minimum wage applied to employees younger than 18 years of age from 75% to 100% of the full minimum. Estimation results based on a difference-in-difference-differences strategy indicate a widening of the gender gap, caused by redistribution of fringe benefits and overtime payments following the amendment. We discuss three possible sources of redistribution: (i) discrimination, (ii) a change in the skill composition of the working males and females after the increase, and (iii) industrial differences in response to the changes in the wage floor. Estimations support the third channel as the main contributing factor while we cannot eliminate the possibility of the effect of discrimination.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Assessment of ventricular septal defects by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and comparison with surgical measurements

Peer reviewe

Bounds For Spectral Radıus Usıng Graph Powers

Bu tez beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölüm giriş kısmından oluşmaktadır. İkinci bölümde grafın temel kavram ve özellikleri ile bazı özel graflar ve matrislerinden bahsedilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, sonlu, yönsüz, basit, bağlantılı grafların k. kuvveti ile ilgili literatürde var olan bazı tanım, teorem ve önermeler verilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise sonlu, yönsüz, basit, bağlantılı grafların komşuluk matrisinin en büyük özdeğeri için bazı sınırlar elde edilmiştir. Beşinci bölüm sonuç kısmından oluşmaktadırThis thesis consists of five chapters. The first part consists of an introduction. In the second part, the basic concepts and properties of graph and some special graphs and matrices are mentioned. In the third part, some definition, theorems and lemmas exist in the literature about the -th power of finite undirected simple connected graphs are given. In the fourth chapter, some bounds are obtained for the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of finite undirected simple connected graphs. The fifth section consists of the conclusion part. Science Cod

The Effect of Methylphenidate Treatment on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Autonomic Functions in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Aim:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder. Psychostimulant drugs are frequently used in the treatment regimen. The possible cardiac side effects of drugs are of concern. In our study, we aimed to determine possible cardiac autonomic effects with heart rate variability (HRV) in ADHD patients receiving methylphenidate (MPH).Materials and Methods:We used a retrospective pre-post treatment study design to measure the change in HRV parameters in ADHD patients receiving MPH therapy. A total of 49 patients (mean age, 8.3±2.5 years) diagnosed with ADHAB and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (mean age, 8.2±2.7 years) were examined. Rhythm Holter recordings were made for the patients before MPH treatment and in the first month of treatment and for the control group, and HRV parameters were evaluated in the computer environment.Results:There was no difference in age, gender, weight and height in the patient and control groups (p>0.05). In the analysis of time-dependent HRV parameters, SDNN, SDANN, which shows the sympathetic influence, and rMSSD, which shows the parasympathetic influence, were statistically significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p0.05).Conclusion:Our study showed that there was increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity in HRV parameters in ADHD patients. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic improvement was observed with MPH treatment. Although our study shows that MPH treatment has a curative effect on cardiac autonomic functions, further studies are needed

Evaluation of Mean Platelet Volume in Children with Hypertension

Background. Childhood hypertension, a disease with increasing prevalence, can lead to severe health problems. With the increased pressure on the vascular endothelium in hypertension, lesions in the endothelium result in endothelial activation and a process of inflammation, which causes platelet activation and in the bone marrow the release of platelet precursor cells into the peripheral blood stream. During inflammation, changes in the number and size of platelets are observed. With the release of platelet precursors into the peripheral blood stream due to platelet activation, an increase in mean platelet volume (MPV) is also seen. Aim. Our aim in this study is the evaluation of MPV changes in the hemogram of children suffering from hypertension, a condition causing severe cardiovascular problems. Material and Methods. This research is a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. It consists of a patient group diagnosed with hypertension and a control group of children presenting for routine check-ups with no diagnosed hypertension. Demographic characteristics, arterial pressure values, and hemogram parameters have been evaluated. Results. A total of 90 cases were enrolled in the study, including a patient group of 45 cases with hypertension (19 females, 26 males) and a control group of 45 cases (27 females, 18 males). The median age was 15 years in the hypertension group and 13 years in the control group. In the hypertension cases, the thickness of the carotis intima media was statistically significantly greater than in the control group (p < 0.001). Echocardiographic findings (IVSd, LVDd, LVPWd, IVSs, LVDs, LVPWs, and LV mass) were significantly higher in the hypertension group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference in platelet count and MPV values between the groups was not found (p = 0.151, p = 0.405, respectively). Conclusion. While MPV is hypothesized to be higher in hypertensive individuals, there was no statistically significant difference between the hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups in this study

Client-Consultancy Relationship in ERP Implementation from Consultancy Aspect: A Case Study in Turkey

Consultancy practices have significant influence on the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) project success. In this sense, client-consultant relationship comes into prominence in terms of  project  achievement.  Therefore  client-consultant  relationship  needs  to  be  understood  in depth in order to strengthen the consultancy practices and eliminate problems between two parties.  Hence,  in  this  research  client-consultant  relationship  is  examined  from  ERP consultancy aspect during ERP implementation phase in Turkey. Some factors that influence this relationship is evaluated and existing client-consultant models are analyzed whether they are compatible with the client-consultant relationship within ERP concept. Cultures basis as an influential factor is examined in order to understand this impacts on this relationship. ERP consultancy profile and partially client profile are drawn in order to have deep insight of this relationship.