Optical Studies of Lyotropic Liquid Crystaline Phases in Lipids : II. Potassium Caprate -Water System

光学顕微鏡によって，カプリン酸カリウムと水の系の示す，リオトロピック液晶の性質を調べた。 観測された相として，ミドル相，ニート相，粘性等方相の3相があった。カプリン酸カリウムと水の系の相図は，一般の石けんと水の系とよく似た形をしていることがわかった。 リオトロピック液晶の成長の機構を，乾燥法によって観察した。その結果，ニート相の成長パターンは，我々が前回モノグリセライドと水の系の研究で報告したような，球晶ニートと「あわ」の回りのニー卜層が，その成長の初期段階の特徴的パターンであることが確かめられた。ミドル相成長の様相は，ニー卜相とは異なり，むしろ固体結晶の成長パターンに類似している。The lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of the potassium caprate-water system have been investigated by means of a polarizing microscope. Three typical phases of lyotropic liquid crystal were observed in the binary mixture of potassium caprate and water，as being respectively a neat phase，a viscous isotropic phase and a middle phase. The phase diagram of the potassium caprate-water system shows the same form as the other soap-water systems qualitatively， for example the potassium palmitate-water system. The liquid crystal growth experiments for both the neat phase and the middle phase were performed by the drying method. As for the neat phase，it was confirmed that the spherulytic neat and the neat layer around the bubble are the characteristic patterns of the earlier stage of the growth. This was reported by us in the study of the monoglyceride-water system. The growth patterns of the middle phase grown from the isotropic solution differ from those of the neat phase but resemble those of the "solid" crystal

Optical Studies of Lyotropic Mesophases in Lipids : I. Monoglyceride-Water System

モノグリセライドとH2Oの2成分系がつくるリオトロピック液晶を,偏光顕微鏡を使って観察した。その結果,ニート相,粘性等方相そして逆ミドル相の3相が安定相として確認され,相転移は粘性等方相と他の2相とのあいだで可逆であることがわかった。リオトロピック液晶成長の様子も観察された。The lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of the monopalmitin-H2O system have been investigated by means of a polarizing microscope. As a result, the three stable phases of the monoglyceried-H2O system were observed, as being respectively the neat phase, the reversed middle phase and the viscous isotropic phase. It is concluded that the phase transitions both from the viscous isotropic phase to the neat phase and from the viscous isotropic phase to the reversed middle phase are reversible processes. This is contrary to Wilton et al's result for the phase diagram of the monostearin-H2O system. The patterns of the lyotropic liquid crystal growth were observed in relation to those of the smectic liquid crystal. Their growth mechanism is discussed too.本論文の一部は,日本物理学会第30会年会(京都,1975)で著者らによって発表されたものである

Regulated motion of glycoproteins revealed by direct visualization of a single cargo in the endoplasmic reticulum

The quality of cargo proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is affected by their motion during folding. To understand how the diffusion of secretory cargo proteins is regulated in the ER, we directly analyze the motion of a single cargo molecule using fluorescence imaging/fluctuation analyses. We find that the addition of two N-glycans onto the cargo dramatically alters their diffusion by transient binding to membrane components that are confined by hyperosmolarity. Via simultaneous observation of a single cargo and ER exit sites (ERESs), we could exclude ERESs as the binding sites. Remarkably, actin cytoskeleton was required for the transient binding. These results provide a molecular basis for hypertonicity-induced immobilization of cargo, which is dependent on glycosylation at multiple sites but not the completion of proper folding. We propose that diffusion of secretory glycoproteins in the ER lumen is controlled from the cytoplasm to reduce the chances of aggregation

Implantable CMOS Biomedical Devices

The results of recent research on our implantable CMOS biomedical devices are reviewed. Topics include retinal prosthesis devices and deep-brain implantation devices for small animals. Fundamental device structures and characteristics as well as in vivo experiments are presented

Mild Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Improves Outcomes After HLA-Haploidentical-Related Donor Transplantation Using Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide and Cord Blood Transplantation

Haploidentical-related donor transplantation using posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy-haplo) and cord blood transplantation (CBT) are valid alternatives for patients with hematological malignancies when HLA-matched donor transplantation (MDT) is unavailable. However, the effects of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on outcomes after these transplants have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of acute and chronic GVHD on transplant outcomes after PTCy-haplo transplants and compared them with CBT and MDT. We included a total of 914 adult patients with hematological malignancies in the Kyoto Stem Cell Transplantation Group registry who received PTCy-haplo (N = 120), CBT (N = 402), and MDT (N = 392), and achieved neutrophil engraftment. A multivariate analysis revealed that grade I-II acute GVHD improved of overall survival (OS) after PTCy-haplo [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39, P = 0.018] and CBT (HR = 0.48, P < 0.001), but not after MDT (HR = 0.80, P = 0.267) compared with patients without acute GVHD. Grade I-II acute GVHD had a trend toward reducing the risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) after PTCy-haplo (HR = 0.13, P = 0.060) and this positive effect was significant after CBT (HR = 0.39, P = 0.003). A negative impact of grade III-IV acute GVHD on NRM was observed after CBT and MDT, but not after PTCy-haplo. Limited chronic GVHD had a positive impact on OS after CBT and MDT, but not after PTCy-haplo. In conclusion, mild acute GVHD improved outcomes after PTCy-haplo and CBT, and limited chronic GVHD improved outcomes after CBT and MDT. These data indicated that the effects of GVHD on transplant outcomes depended on transplant platforms

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Analysis of Titanium-implanted Soft Tissue

Tissues contacting Ti dental implants were subjected to X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis to examine the chemical state of Ti transferred from the placed implant into the surrounding tissue. Nine tissues that contacted pure Ti cover screws for several months were excised in a second surgery whereby healing abutments were set. Six tissues that surrounded implants retrieved due to their failure were also excised. Ti distributions in the excised specimens were confirmed by X-ray scanning analytical microscopy (XSAM), and the specimens were subjected to fluorescence XAFS analysis to determine the chemical states of the low concentrations of Ti in the tissues surrounding Ti dental implants. Ti mostly existed in the metallic state and was considered to be debris derived from the abrasion of implant pieces during implant surgery. Oxidized forms of Ti, such as anatase and rutile, were also detected in a few specimens — and existed in either a pure state or mixed state with metallic Ti. It was concluded that the existence of Ti in the tissue did not cause implant failure. Moreover, the usefulness of XAFS for analysis of the chemical states of rarely contained elements in biological tissue was demonstrated

Thermal and wind environment of Korean traditional house with Korean hanged door: field measurements and simulation

This paper deals with the field measurements and simulation on thermal and wind environment of traditional houses in Korea. Measurements were carried out on Korean traditional house with a Ondol (stone floor), Maru (Daecheong ; wooden floor), Bunhab(hanged door) in summer. Ondol rooms are recognized that those are suitable room for winter. And the Maru is recognized that it is the suitable space for summer. But according to the result of field measuring, we found Ondol rooms were also comfortable rooms for summer. The opened Ondol room were similar to the Maru’s environment. Therefore the most comfortable place is the opened Ondol room because of the temperature of the floor and the wind from the Maru in this survey, we find that the Korean traditional house is comfortable without air conditioners in summer be hanging doors. And when we use air conditioners we waste extra energy. We wonder that we should study from the Korean traditional house which not waste energy