Polarization Characteristics of Compact SOI Rib Waveguide RaceTrack Resonators

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We report on the development of compact optical racetrack resonators on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguides. We make use of large-cross-section waveguides instead of photonic wire waveguides. We fabricated resonators with bending radii down to 20 mu m and characterized for both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations. Different polarization characteristics were analyzed and related to the modal shape of the SOI waveguide. These compact resonators show large free spectral ranges (3.0 nm), high finesse (19), and Q-factor (28 000) values

A Compact Silicon-on-insulator Polarization Splitter

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A compact directional coupler-based polarization splitter is designed and realized using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides. Even though silicon does not have any material birefringence, the high index contrast obtained in the SOI platform and reduced waveguide dimensions makes it possible to induce significant birefringence. Polarization splitting is achieved by making use of this geometry-induced birefringence. In this work, we demonstrate polarization splitting in devices as short as 120 gm. Even smaller devices can be made using submicron-thick Si waveguides

Low-Power Thermooptical Tuning of SOI Resonator Switch

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A wavelength selective optical switch is developed based on a high-Q racetrack resonator making use of the large thermooptic coefficient of silicon. The racetrack resonator was fabricated using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) single-mode rib waveguide. The resonator shows a high Q factor of 38000 with spectral sidelobes of 11 dB down and can be thermooptically scanned over its full free-spectral range applying only 57 mW of electrical power. A low power of 17 mW is enough to tune the device from resonance to off-resonance state. The device functions as a wavelength selective optical switch with a 3-dB cutoff frequency of 210 kHz

The Effect of Bullying on Depression, Academic Activity, and Communication in Adolescents in Surakarta: A Multilevel Logistic Regression

Background: Human interaction requires com­munication as a transmission of informa­tion, ideas, emotions, skills, and so on. Com­mu­nica­tion occurs when a source conveys a message to the recipient with a conscious in­ten­tion to influ­ence the recipient's behavior. One of the pro­blems in social communication is bully­ing. Bully­ing or harassment can be through words or through actions that aim to make the opponent's mental fall and pressure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence bullying against depres­sion with the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectio­nal study conducted in junior high schools in Surakarta, in December 2019. A total sample of 250 adolescents was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was bullying. The inde­pen­dent variables were perceived sus­ceptibility, perceived severity, cues to action, perceived threat, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, self-efficacy, depres­sion, academic activi­ties, and communication. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple multilevel logistic regres­sion run on Stata 13.Results: Bullying increased depression (b= 3.69; 95% CI= 1.51 to 9.00; p= 0.004) and poor communication (b= 4.95; 95% CI= 2.24 to 10.89; p <0.001). Bullying decreased academic achievement (b= - 5.68; 95% CI= -12.33 to -2.62; p<0.001). School had strong contextual effect on depression with ICC= ICC= 20.91%.Conclusion: Bullying increases depression and poor communication. Bullying decreases academic achievement. School has strong con­textual effect on depression.Keywords: bullying, depression, Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive TheoryCorrespondence: Kiyat Sudrajad. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Su­ta­mi 36 A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java. Ema­il­: kiyatrambo­@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­5­6­47­1­16834.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(02): 79-86https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.02.0

Silicon-on-insulator optical waveguides and waveguide devices

Ankara : Department of Physics and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent Univ., 2000.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2000.Includes bibliographical references leaves 94-98.Silicon-on-insulator(SOI) optical waveguides, directional couplers and some types of MMI couplers were designed, fabricated and characterized at a wavelength of 1.55 /im. Effective index method and the single mode condition for rib waveguide was used in design of optical waveguides. BPM simulations were extensively employed for all fabricated devices. Waveguides and the other devices were defined on SOI material by wet chemical etching in KOH solutions^ Fabricated devices were characterized on a standard fiber optic measurement setup with a DFB laser as its IR light source. In characterization of optical waveguides the single mode condition was verified and insertion loss was measured to be 12.2 dB for TE and 12.7 dB for TM polarized light as the best values. Furthermore, the propagation loss found to be 0.70 dB/cm for TE and 0.76 dB/cm for TM which is typical . Characterized directional couplers gave results completely consistent with their BPM simulations. 1x2, 2x2, 1x4 and 1x8 type MMI couplers were also found to gave expected behaviors. Splitting ratios as low as 0 dB and 0.55 dB was measured.Kiyat, İsaM.S

Monolithic and hybrid silicon-on-insulator integrated optical devices

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Silicon, the basic material of electronics industry is rediscovered nowadays for its potential use in photonics and integrated optics. The research activity in silicon integrated optics have been speeding up during the last decade and even attracting interest of leading industrial companies. As a contribution to this world wide effort, we have designed, fabricated and characterized a class of monolithic and hybrid silicon integrated optical devices. These devices were realized on high-quality silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Beam propagation method (BPM) based simulations and analytical calculations were employed for the design. We have demonstrated for the first time an SOI device that splits light into its TE and TM components. An SOI rib waveguide becomes birefringent as its size reduced. This idea is used to design and fabricate a directional coupler polarization splitter based on geometrical birefringence. The device uses 1 µm sized SOI waveguides. This compact device (only 110 µm in length) shows extinction ratios larger than 20 dB. SOI waveguides with the same geometry was used to realize a batch of single and double bus racetrack resonators having radii in the range of 20 to 500 µm. Design of these racetrack resonators are presented in detail. The bending loss and coupling factor calculations were performed using BPM. During the design and analysis of waveguide resonators, we proposed a novel displacement sensor that can be used for scanning probe microscopies. The sensor operates by means of monitoring the changes in transmission spectrum of a high finesse micro-ring resonator due to stress induced by displacement. Operation principles and sensitivity calculations are discussed in detail. SOI resonators with quality factors (Q) as high as 119000 have been achieved. This is the highest Q value for resonators based on SOI rib waveguides to date. Finesse values as large as 43 and modulation depths of 15 dB were observed. Free spectral ranges increased from 0.2 nm to 3.0 nm when radius was decreased from 500 to 20 µm. The thermo-optical tunability of these resonators were also studied. A high-Q racetrack resonator is used to develop a wavelength selective optical switch. The resonator was thermo-optically scanned over its full free spectral range applying only 57 mW of electrical power. A low power of 17 mW was enough to tune from resonance to off-resonance state. The device functioned as a wavelength selective optical switch with a 3 dB cutoff frequency of 210 kHz. We have also demonstrated wavelength add/drop filters using the same racetrack resonators with double bus. Asymmetric lateral coupling was used in order to get better filter characteristics. Filters with crosstalks as low as -10.0 dB and Q-factors of as high as 51000 were achieved. Finally, we introduce the use of a layer transfer method for SOI wafers. Such a layer transfer results in the possibility of using the back side of the silicon layer in SOI structure for further processing. With this method, previously fabricated SOI waveguides were transferred to form hybrid silicon-polymer waveguides. Benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer was used as the bonding agent. The method is also applied to SOI M-Z interferometers to explore the possibilities of the technology. We additionally studied asymmetric vertical couplers (AVC) based on polymer and silicon waveguides and fabricated them using a hybrid technology.Kiyat, İsaPh.D

PENGARUH DIMENSI ELEMEN KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH PADA PT. BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA Tbk. (Studi Kasus di PT.Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. Kantor Cabang Daan Mogot)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap loyalitas nasabah pada Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk cabang Daan Mogot di Jakarta Barat . Ketatnya persaingan dalam industri perbankan dewasa ini membuat semua pemain dalam industri perbankan harus terus berinovasi dalam segala aspek guna mempertahankan nasabah potensialnya dan berusaha untuk meningkatkan loyalitas nasabahnya, termasuk juga bank BRI. PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. terus melakukan usaha agar dapat memenangkan persaingan pada industri perbankan, sehingga PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. terus meningkatakan kualitas layanan yang diberikan kepada nasabah. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengevaluasi apakah kualitas layanan yang dilakukan PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. sudah cukup efektif untuk menciptakan loyalitas nasabah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi deskriptif dan kausal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah nasabah Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 responden dengan menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling melalui pendekatan purposive sampling, dengan kriteria pengambilan sampel adalah nasabah Bank Rakyat Indonesia. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis nilai jenjang, uji asumsi klasik, dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis deskriptif dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan kualitas layanan bank BRI berada pada kategori yang baik. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi berganda dapat diketahui bahwa kualitas layanan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas nasabah sebesar 44,1%. PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. perlu mempertahankan elemen-elemen yang sudah dinilai baik oleh nasabah serta perlu memperbaiki hal-hal yang masih kurang agar mampu meningkatkan loyalitas nasabah. Kata Kunci : Kualitas Layanan, Loyalitas Nasabah dan Bank BR

Optimizing Utilization of Nypa Sap as Bioethanol Basic Materials for the Rural Community in Increasing the National Economic Growth

Nypa has a relatively big potential as raw material for bioethanol. Total area of nypa plants in Indonesia is 700,000 hectare. Utilization of nypa sap in Indonesia are still not optimal because of the low interest and ability to process it to be other useful product. The rural community tends to only process nypa sap into sugar, but the quality of the sugar produced is very less because the salt is still contained in the sap. So the price is cheaper than other sugar. Utilization of nypa sap needs to be done by turning them into other useful product such as bioethanol to strengthen the Indonesian economic sectors. The method of data collection are used in this paper is the library research. This research use descriptive qualitative method. The analysis used in this research is a descriptive analysis. Based on the study, nypa sap is able to produce seven types of biofuels that can replace the fossil fuels, such as nypa bioethanol 100%; nypa biokerosene 70%; nypa biopertamax 95% with pertamax plus 5% ethanol; biopremium e20 nypa 80% with gasoline plus 20% ethanol; biopremium e85 nypa 25% with gasoline plus 85% ethanol, biodiesel and gliserin biodiesel nypa plus CPO (Crude Palm Oil). Calculation of bioethanol production from nypa sap each year is 3 million kL. Strategic steps that should be done in utilizing the nypa sap for the rural community, include: 1) socialize the utilization of nypa sap as a raw material for bioethanol; 2) give the demonstration and practice the process to make bioethanol from nypa sap; 3) establish the reference industrial; 4) grant the loan or capital; 5) grant the supporting production equipment and technology; and 6) monitoring and evaluation. Keywords: bioethanol, nypa sap, the rural communit

Estimasi Proporsi Kesalahan Fonologi Pada Anak Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Usia 3-5 Tahun Di Surakarta

Background : Language acquisition skills talk to a child is most important because it is closely related to the phonology ability and relates to the ability of semantic and syntax acquisition. Children who experience Keretlambatan speaking language are at risk of learning difficulties, difficulty in reading and writing and will lead to less thorough academic achievement, this can continue to be young. Thus, the need for early detection of the phonological ability will be seen as a result of the estimated proportion of the phonological errors in the child. Methods: This research uses the survey method. Research location in PAUD Al-Kautsar and PAUD Budi Karya Mojosongo Surakarta. With samples of PAUD children aged 3-5 years, 45 children with independent variables are phonological errors and their variable dependencies are phonological errors, with technical Purposive sampling. The technique of collecting observation data with articulated observation sheet with a word-level image. Results: That there are 16 children or 34.04% of 47 samples with an estimated proportion of 20,50 &lt; π &lt; 47,59 of PAUD Children at the age of 3-5 who have phonological pronunciation errors.That PAUD children at the age of 3-5 who had the misspelling of phonology of female sex, more percentage of his phonological error, which is as much as 9 children (56,25%) With an estimate of the proportion of 42.07 &lt; π &lt; 70.43 compared to boys, as many as 7 children (43,75%) With an estimate 29.57 &lt; π &lt; 57.93. Conclusion: There are phonological errors in children aged 3-5 years old, but based on his/her age is still in the process of phoneologically (Phonological Prosesses)

Enzymes Involving in Chocolate Processing

Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa-producing countries in the world, but the productivity of Indonesian cocoa is relatively low compared to other cocoa-producing countries. Many cocoa beans are exported in raw form (raw cocoa beans) so they do not have high economic value. In addition, cocoa beans also can not be consumed directly and must be processed first. The processing of cocoa beans includes curing stage, breaking the fruit, fermentation, soaking and washing, drying, sorting, and storage to producing cacao almonds. The fermenting process of cocoa beans involves the role of the polyphenol oxidase to produce flavor precursor compounds. Furthermore, to improve the quality of the resulting chocolate, protease and carboxypeptidase can be used in the processing of cacao almonds to enhance flavor precursor compounds forming to produce chocolate with stronger flavor characteristics. Processed chocolates can be developed into confectionery with a soft or liquid filler by utilizing invertase to obtain a solid filler during processing that may turn into liquid during storage. Keywords : cocoa, chocolate, enzyme, processing