Dynamic Management of Infrastructure

The concept fo "dynamic maintenance" is discussed in relation to the field of civil engineering. The discussion concludes that infrastructure should be maintained so as to keep the identity and character of a region in which it is located and to provide sustainable services to the public.ダイナミックメンテナンスというコンセプトを土木工学の分野において検討した。その結果、社会基盤、あるいはそれが支える社会資本査サービスは、過去から未来へと継承すべき地域性を踏まえたものであるべきであり、また、そのことが住民の安全性の確保につながることを指摘した

On intertwining operators and finite automorphism groups of vertex operator algebras

Let V be a simple vertex operator algebra and G a finite automorphism group. We give a construction of intertwining operators for irreducible V^G-modules which occur as submodules of irreducible V-modules by using intertwining operators for V. We also determine some fusion rules for a vertex operator algebra as an application.Comment: 26 page

Moonshine vertex operator algebra as L(12,0)⊗L(710,0)⊗L(45,0)⊗L(1,0)-modules

AbstractIn this article, we study the structure of the famous Moonshine vertex operator algebra V♮ as a module for a certain vertex operator subalgebra isomorphic to (L(12,0)⊗L(710,0)⊗L(45,0)⊗L(1,0))⊗8. As our main result, we obtain a complete decomposition of V♮ associated with this algebra. Our method is based on an embedding of the lattice (2A3)8 into the Leech lattice. Actually, we construct certain vertex operator algebras using some Z8 and Z2×Z2 codes. A decomposition of the Moonshine vertex operator algebra is obtained by a careful study of their representations

Countercurrent chromatography in analytical chemistry (IUPAC technical report)

© 2009 IUPACCountercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a generic term covering all forms of liquid-liquid chromatography that use a support-free liquid stationary phase held in place by a simple centrifugal or complex centrifugal force field. Biphasic liquid systems are used with one liquid phase being the stationary phase and the other being the mobile phase. Although initiated almost 30 years ago, CCC lacked reliable columns. This is changing now, and the newly designed centrifuges appearing on the market make excellent CCC columns. This review focuses on the advantages of a liquid stationary phase and addresses the chromatographic theory of CCC. The main difference with classical liquid chromatography (LC) is the variable volume of the stationary phase. There are mainly two different ways to obtain a liquid stationary phase using centrifugal forces, the hydrostatic way and the hydrodynamic way. These two kinds of CCC columns are described and compared. The reported applications of CCC in analytical chemistry and comparison with other separation and enrichment methods show that the technique can be successfully used in the analysis of plants and other natural products, for the separation of biochemicals and pharmaceuticals, for the separation of alkaloids from medical herbs, in food analysis, etc. On the basis of the studies of the last two decades, recommendations are also given for the application of CCC in trace inorganic analysis and in radioanalytical chemistry

Dynamic Centrifuge Tests on Sea Revetment with Multi-Anchors

In the construction of sea revetment, composite type of revetment has been frequently used in Japan, in which huge sized concrete caissons are placed on gravel mound to sustain earth pressure induced by sea reclamation. There are several case records of serious disaster with large displacement of the caisson in huge earthquake. This requires research efforts to find a new type of sea revetment having better static and dynamic performances. A sort of tieback caisson is an idea for the requirement, in which a concrete caisson with relatively small width is reinforced by many anchors. Authors started to study the applicability of this new type of caisson to sea revetment construction, in which a series of centrifuge test has been conducted to investigate its static and dynamic behaviors. In the dynamic tests, the model ground was subjected to several earthquake motions at a 50 g centrifugal acceleration field until the ground failed. The model tests were conducted changing the caisson width and the number and length of anchors. Simple calculations incorporating with the anchor force were also conducted to evaluate stability of the caisson. This paper describes the model ground preparation, test results and calculated results in detail

Applicability of molding procedures in laboratory mix tests for quality control and assurance of the deep mixing method

The deep mixing method (DMM) has been applied in many construction projects. The laboratory mix test is essential to the quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) of deep mixing methods. The procedures used for the preparation of specimens in the laboratory mix test greatly affect the physical and mechanical properties of the stabilized soils. Different procedures are applied in different countries/regions. With the increasingly globalized DMM market, it is desirable that a common understanding of the nature of the laboratory mix test and internationally accepted guidelines to conduct it be established in order to guarantee the QC/QA of DMMs. As part of an international collaborative study, the influence of different molding techniques for the laboratory preparation of specimens was studied. Five different molding techniques were tested in four organizations. The results showed that the molding techniques considerably influenced the magnitude and variation of the unconfined compressive strength and the wet unit weight of the stabilized specimens. The applicability of the molding techniques was discussed in terms of their undrained shear strength and the liquidity index of the soil and binder mixture, and the usefulness of the techniques was demonstrated. (C) 2015 The Japanese Geotechnical Societ

Reproduction of Array Observation Records by Means of Centrifuge Shaking Table Model

This paper shows the effects of the degree of consolidation of the soft clay layer on the strong motion response. Seismic behavior of the Kobe artificial islands during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu earthquake is studied by using centrifuge shaking table test. At the earthquake, it is known that the liquefaction damage of artificial island was different from each other. Authors consider the reason why is due to the degree of consolidation of clay layer underlying the reclaimed ground. The model grounds used for the centrifuge test are made by the clay and fill material sampled from Kobe artificial island, and each clay layer of models is consolidated as the same degree as the sites. First, from the viewpoint of the reproducibility of in-situ behavior, the seismic response and the ground settlement are compared with observation data. Next, we compare the seismic response of the test results of the different degree of consolidation. It is found that the degree of consolidation and the shear strength of the clay layer significantly affect the ground behavior. The large damage is not always come to being on the ground with soft clay layer

751-6 Multiple Repeat Coronary Angioplasty for Final Lesion Patency

To demonstrate that multiple repeat coronary angioplasty can be solely utilized to achieve final lesion patency after restenosis, such a protocol was prospectively applied for restenosis since 1983. Bypass surgery was only considered for 1) new left main trunk lesions, 2) symptomatic restenosis where angioplasty was either unsuccessful or unsuitable, and 3) patient preference. Between 1983 and 1992, 1455 lesions (acute myocardial infarction or total occlusion excluded) were successfully dilated for the first time. Although only 941 (68%) of the 1385 lesions studied showed satisfactory patency (≤ 70% stenosis) after the first procedure, 93% (1248/1345 studied) showed satisfactory patency after repeating angioplasty up to 3 times and 94% (1268/1354 studied) after repetition up to 6 times. Only 23 lesions 11.6%) required 4 or more procedures and 20 of them showed final patency. Disease aggravation (either impossible or failed repeat angioplasty, acute infarction, or sudden death) occurred in 43 lesions (3.2%). Bypass grafts were done for 11 lesions of 7 patients, mostly due to disease progression at the left main trunk.Dilatation (stenosis)Patent (0–50%)Mild (55-70%)Re-do(75%-)Grafts(75%-)Medical(75%-)Aggravated#WithdrawalCumulative0–70%No*1st87467384916327394113822nd221229706731118413513rd5311230136124813454th11181010126113455th3320000126713456th100100012681345*:1763- ∑ Withdrawal#:sudden death. acute infarction or irreversible occlusionConclusionThese findings indicate that 1) repeat angioplasty can be the main treatment strategy for restenosis, 2) multiple repeat angioplasties (up to 6 times) can be effective and rarely aggravate coronary anatomy and 3) disease aggravation must be prevented to improve the final patency rate of repeat ang ioplasty