Globalization and regionalization: Institution aspect

The urgency of the analyzed problem is due to the fact that regionalization and globalization have a dual nature and depend on the institutional system, which, in turn, affects the establishment of new rules in the economic space in which interact businesses. The purpose of the article is to justify the fact that the institutional aspect of globalization and regionalization is, above all, in the establishment of new rules and norms of the economy that affect all businesses, and one of the key roles is performed by innovation and investment institutions. The main methods in the study of this problem is the dialectical method, which allows identifying trends in the development institutions at the regional level. Results: the article proves that the development of modern market institutions is associated with the stimulation of innovation activity in the regions and the creation of innovation systems in them, the effectiveness of which depends on the degree of interconnectedness and interdependence of the national innovation system, which corresponds to the globalization processes. The data of the article may be useful in determining institutions of the Samara region that promote economic development and competitiveness of the region, as well as practical development of managerial decisions related to improving the efficiency of the use of economic and administrative resources. © 2016 Matveev et al

Surface modification of field emission cathodes made of artificial carbon-based material

While the field emission acts at the technical vacuum level conditions (10-5 Pa) and electrons emitted from cathode, the ion bombardment exists and continuously modifies the cathode surface. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) we studied the electronic structure of thin surface layer of artificial carbon-based materials (ACB) used as field emission cathodes (FEC). The research resulted in the spectra of the samples B-1300, B-1500, B-1900. After spectra processing features analysis shows the change in type of hybridization of the original material. This change is supported by three characteristic spectral features: asymmetry of the core levels spectrum lines change, the satellite structure transformation, Auger-line and modification. So the initial material had sp2 type of hybridization, the spectra show that in thin surface layer a new phase with sp3-hybridization exists and we can conclude formation of nanoclusters with diamond-phase in thin surface layer of cathode. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Towards the Conceptualization of Occupations and Professions’ Explosion

Received: 20.09.2020. Accepted: 19.10.2020.Рукопись поступила в редакцию: 20.09.2020. Принята к публикации: 19.10.2020.The paper proposes the mainstreaming of the conceptual potential of Yu. M. Lotman (1922–1993) and M. K. Petrov (1923–1987) scientifi c and philosophical heritage relating to the theory of explosive complexity, increasing diversity and instability, which our society has recently been observing in occupational, vocational and professional spheres and the related social institutions (professional associations, professional education, professional guidance, etc.). Heterogeneous and heteronomic being-in-common (Fr. partage) in light of the works of J.-L. Nancy (b. 1940) is the most important heuristic intuition of the proposed updating. It allows one to think through a single, but flexible, multi-directionally transformable and polysemantic framework for the future theory of rapidly updated professional diversity, its explanation, forecast of likely development scenarios and strategies for self-determination within it and management strategies in relation to it. The authors present the conceptual unfolding of the intuition of being-in-common (partage) to be compatible with both the theoretical provisions of the semiotics of culture of Yu. М. Lotman and the socio-cultural dynamics of M. K. Petrov. Professionology is still searching for a methodological platform that would complement its retrospective generalizations and interdisciplinary discontinuity. The actualization of the potential of the concept of compatibility allows it to consolidate multidisciplinary research and its results and to guide them along the path of careful and, at the same time, bold theoretical construction in accordance with what social processes declare themselves to be. The authors observe the readiness of today’s multidisciplinary discourse to unite on such a methodological platform that allows for not to being lost in it under the influence of priorities and presumptions that are inevitable for the methodology, but, at the same time, focusing the collective efforts of occupational researchers on the most promising and practice-oriented aspects of the subject of their research.Предлагается актуализация концептуального потенциала научно-философского наследия Ю. М. Лотмана (1922–1993) и М. К. Петрова (1923–1987) в направлении теории взрывного усложнения, роста многообразия и нестабильности, наблюдаемых в последнее время в сфере занятий человека, профессий и связанных с ними институций (профессиональных сообществ, профессионального образования, профориентологии и др.). Гетерогенная и гетерономная совместность (фр. partage) в свете работ Ж.-Л. Нанси (р. 1940) — важнейшая эвристическая интуиция предлагаемой актуализации. Она позволяет продумать единую, но подвижную, разнонаправленно трансформируемую и полисемантическую рамку будущей теории ускоренно обновляемого профессионального многообразия, его объяснения, прогноза вероятных сценариев развития и стратегий самоопределения в нем и управленческих стратегий в его отношении. Концептуальная развертка интуиции совместности представлена совместимой и с теоретическими положениями семиотики культуры Ю. М. Лотмана и социокультурной динамики М. К. Петрова. Профессиология до настоящего времени находится в поиске методологической платформы, которая позволила бы дополнить ее ретроспективные обобщения и междисциплинарную разорванность. Актуализация потенциала концепта совместности позволяет ей консолидировать мультидисциплинарные исследования и их результаты и направить по пути бережного в отношении сделанного и одновременно смелого в сообразовании с заявляющими о себе социальными процессами теоретического конструирования. Авторы наблюдают готовность современного мультидисциплинарного дискурса к объединению на такой методологической платформе, позволяющей не раствориться в ней под воздействием неизбежных для методологии приоритетов и презумпций и в то же время сфокусировать коллективные усилия сообщества исследователей мира занятий и профессий на наиболее перспективных и практико-ориентированных аспектах предмета своего исследования

Chronotope of Engineering and Pedagogical Thinking

The article is devoted to engineering and pedagogical thinking as a kind of professional thinking that exists due to specific reasons and necessary and sufficient conditions. The “assembly” of these causes and conditions takes place in a certain time-and-place (chronotope), the conceptual reconstruction of which opens the way to overcoming the traditions of haphazard enumerative descriptions of various properties that have developed in the literature and to reaching the construction of the theory of engineering and pedagogical thinking, which, in turn, will help to reasonably update the content and organization of training engineers-teachers, on whom a lot depends in the near technological future of Russia. A review of the characteristics of engineering-pedagogical and related engineering and pedagogical thinking presented in scientific publications is proposed. It shows the need for greater certainty in understanding the nature, foundations, essence and features of heterogeneous engineering and pedagogical thinking. Heterogeneity requires actualization of the potential not only of pedagogy and technical sciences, but also of philosophy, cultural studies, sociology, and psychology. Such actualization shows the heuristic of the communicative interpretation of the nature and essence of thinking. In its light, engineering-pedagogical thinking appears simultaneously as an articulated and unarticulated, discrete and continuous communication of engineers-teachers with students, within which the competencies required by the profession and the impulse developing engineering and technical flair and ingenuity are transmitted, “infecting” (V. Shklovsky2) and charging them, thanks to which communication overcomes the boundaries of the chronotope, gaining continuum features, demonstrating its pulsating situational-suprasituative (corpuscular-wave) dualism. The scientific novelty lies in the justification, by the example of advancing to the theory of engineering and pedagogical thinking, of supplementing the competence approach with consideration of no less significant cultural and subcultural factors, including latent ones, which sometimes manifest themselves in very weak signals about the features of the chronotope of training engineers and technicians by engineers–teachers, not so much by virtue of official regulations as by virtue of singular acts of everyday life communication

How do managerial techniques evolve over time? The distortion of “facilitation” in healthcare service improvement

When applied to solving real-world problems in the public sector, managerial techniques are likely to evolve over time in response to the context of their implementation. The temporal dynamics of this evolution and its underlying processes, however, remain under-researched. To address this gap, we present a qualitative longitudinal case study of a UK-based knowledge mobilization programme utilizing “facilitation” as a service improvement approach. We describe the processes underpinning the distortion of facilitation over time and argue that an uncritical and uncontrolled adaptation of managerial techniques may mask the unsustainable nature of the resulting improvement outcomes captured by conventional performance measurement

Contributors are representative, as long as they agree: how confirmation logic overrides effort to achieve synthesis in applied health research

Introduction The paradox of representation in public involvement in research is well recognized, whereby public contributors are seen as either too naïve to meaningfully contribute or too knowledgeable to represent ‘the average patient’. Given the underlying assumption that expertise undermines contributions made, more expert contributors who have significant experience in research can be a primary target of criticism. We conducted a secondary analysis of a case of expert involvement and a case of lived experience, to examine how representation was discussed in each. Methods We analysed a case of a Lived Experience Advisory Panel (LEAP) chosen for direct personal experience of a topic and a case of an expert Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) panel. Secondary analysis was of multiple qualitative data sources, including interviews with the LEAP contributors and researchers, Panel evaluation data and documentary analysis of researcher reports of Panel impacts. Analysis was undertaken collaboratively by the author team of contributors and researchers. Results Data both from interviews with researchers and reported observations by the Panel indicated that representation was a concern for researchers in both cases. Consistent with previous research, this challenge was deployed in response to contributors requesting changes to researcher plans. However, we also observed that when contributor input could be used to support research activity, it was described unequivocally as representative of ‘the patient view’. We describe this as researchers holding a confirmation logic. By contrast, contributor accounts enacted a synthesis logic, which emphasized multiplicity of viewpoints and active dialogue. These logics are incompatible in practice, with the confirmation logic constraining the potential for the synthesis logic to be achieved. Conclusion Researchers tend to enact a confirmation logic that seeks a monophonic patient voice to legitimize decisions. Contributors are therefore limited in their ability to realize a synthesis logic that would actively blend different types of knowledge. These different logics hold different implications regarding representation, with the synthesis logic emphasizing diversity and negotiation, as opposed to the current system in which ‘being representative' is a quality attributed to contributors by researchers. Patient or Public Contribution Patient contributors are study coauthors, partners in analysis and reporting

INFLUENCE OF TITANIUM DISULFIDE ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON TELLURIDE

It is shown that doping Fe1.1Te with TiS2 leads to a change in the phase composition of the samples, deformation of the crystal lattice of the tetragonal phase, a decrease in the Néel temperature, and causes a phase transition to a superconducting state of a granular nature upon cooling below 9 K.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (проект № FEUZ-2020-0054