A child's movement performance using Labanotation and referenced to the Laban framework : a case study

The purpose of this study was to examine, in detail, the observable movement behavior in the performance of a child attempting to perform a complex movement task from a visual model. A secondary focus concerned the usefulness of Labanotation as a method for data recording in the study of complex manipulative movement. This was a single case study of a 10-year-old boy as he attempted to perform a complex manipulative movement task from a nonverbal, visual, video-taped movement performance. The movement task was unfamiliar to the child prior to his participation in the study. The investigator asked the child to view the movement task. The specific task involved throwing, and catching, and striking a 7-inch plastic ball with different body parts. The use of all spaces around the body, varing the amount of effort and moving in relation to the ball were considered parts of the task. Video-taping of the movement performances of this 10-year-old boy proceeded on 6 separate days during a 2-week period. Approximately 10 minutes of movement activity were recorded on each of the 6 days. The movement performances were Labanotated from the video tapes then transcribed and analyzed. There were three categories of data: the first included the number of times the child viewed the visual model during each data collection session, as well as any specific segments of the visual model he viewed. The second data category consisted of the child's verbal behavior in viewing the model tape and during the debriefing discussion. The third and primary data category consisted of the video tapes of the movement performances. These data were presented in the form of frequency counts for movement components and medians and ranges for movement sequence variables

Wavelet-based ULF wave diagnosis of substorm expansion phase onset

Using a discrete wavelet transform with a Meyer wavelet basis, we present a new quantitative algorithm for determining the onset time of Pi1 and Pi2 ULF waves in the nightside ionosphere with ∼20- to 40-s resolution at substorm expansion phase onset. We validate the algorithm by comparing both the ULF wave onset time and location to the optical onset determined by the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE)–Far Ultraviolet Imager (FUV) instrument. In each of the six events analyzed, five substorm onsets and one pseudobreakup, the ULF onset is observed prior to the global optical onset observed by IMAGE at a station closely conjugate to the optical onset. The observed ULF onset times expand both latitudinally and longitudinally away from an epicenter of ULF wave power in the ionosphere. We further discuss the utility of the algorithm for diagnosing pseudobreakups and the relationship of the ULF onset epicenter to the meridians of elements of the substorm current wedge. The importance of the technique for establishing the causal sequence of events at substorm onset, especially in support of the multisatellite Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) mission, is also described