Hyvinvointi, osaaminen ja yhteisöllisyys digitaalisissa työympäristöissä

Työn digitalisoituminen tarjoaa uusia mahdollisuuksia työn tekemiseen, mutta samaan aikaan uudet tavat tehdä työtä vaativat työntekijöiltä uudenlaista osaamista. Työsuojelurahaston rahoittaman Well@DigiWork-hankkeen tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa ja ratkaisuja digitaitojen ja hyvinvoinnin tueksi. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisessä vaiheessa eri alojen yritysten ja sairaanhoitopiirien työntekijöiltä (N=1065) kerättiin kyselyaineisto teknologisen ydinosaamisen nykytilasta ja koetusta työhyvinvoinnista. Saamiemme tulosten mukaan lähes kolmannes (29 %) työntekijöistä arvioi kokevansa työperäistä teknostressiä. Teknostressi näyttää olevan yhteydessä työn luonteeseen ja siihen, kuinka keskeisessä roolissa teknologia työssä on. Pidempään työelämässä olleet kokivat teknostressiä nuorempia kollegoitaan useammin. Kokeneemmat työntekijät havaitsivat myös enemmän puutteita teknologisessa osaamisessaan kuin vähemmän kokeneet ja nuoremmat työntekijät. Tutkimuksen toisessa vaiheessa tutkittiin simulaatio-oppimiseen pohjautuvia hajautettuja ja lähityöskentelyyn perustuvia ratkaisuja työntekijöiden (N=81) ammatillisen osaamisen tueksi. Parhaimmillaan simulaatio-oppimisen avulla voidaan tukea työntekijöiden osaamisen kehittymistä työpaikalla. Simulaatio-oppimisen hyödyt voivat olla esimerkiksi taloudellisia ja työn tehokkuuteen sekä tuloksellisuuteen liittyviä, tiedollisia ja taidollisia valmiuksia kehittäviä, sekä työhyvinvointiin ja työtyytyväisyyteen liittyviä hyötyjä

Organizing for collaboration in simulation-based environments: An affordance perspective

Extant research has identified the significance of technological affordances in computer-supported learning environments. However, until recently, there is scarcely empirical research on affordances for organizing collaboration in these learning environments. To address this gap, this study empirically examines affordances for organizing collaboration in a simulation-based learning environment. We focus, in particular on understanding how the organizing affordances of the learning environment are perceived and employed by the learners during a simulation-based learning task. The study was executed among 177 undergraduate higher education (HE) business students from 10 universities in Belgium, China, Estonia, New Zealand, the USA, Austria, and Finland. The data were obtained from the students' reflective essays, and analyzed with a qualitative content analytical approach. The results of our analyses yield in four types of organizing affordances: (1) organizing the division of work, (2) managing information and resources, (3) managing tasks, and (4) strategizing. Each type of organizing affordance was required in the joint learning task. The study offers an advanced understanding of affordances for organizing and of their use/nonuse in simulation-based learning environments. The findings of this study have theoretical and empirical implications and can contribute to both the development of pedagogic and educational practices as well as the design of learning tasks and environments

Hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidases (HYAL1-2) in the accumulation of hyaluronan in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hyaluronan accumulation correlates with the degree of malignancy in many solid tumor types, including malignant endometrial carcinomas. To elucidate the mechanism of hyaluronan accumulation, we examined the expression levels of the hyaluronan synthases (<it>HAS1</it>, <it>HAS2 </it>and <it>HAS3</it>) and hyaluronidases (<it>HYAL1 </it>and <it>HYAL2</it>), and correlated them with hyaluronan content and HAS1-3 immunoreactivity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 35 endometrial tissue biopsies from 35 patients, including proliferative and secretory endometrium (n = 10), post-menopausal proliferative endometrium (n = 5), complex atypical hyperplasia (n = 4), grade 1 (n = 8) and grade 2 + 3 (n = 8) endometrioid adenocarcinomas were divided for gene expression by real-time RT-PCR, and paraffin embedded blocks for hyaluronan and HAS1-3 cytochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mRNA levels of <it>HAS1-3 </it>were not consistently changed, while the immunoreactivity of all HAS proteins was increased in the cancer epithelium. Interestingly, <it>HAS3 </it>mRNA, but not HAS3 immunoreactivity, was increased in post-menopausal endometrium compared to normal endometrium (p = 0.003). The median of <it>HYAL1 </it>mRNA was 10-fold and 15-fold lower in both grade 1 and grade 2+3 endometrioid endometrial cancers, as compared to normal endometrium (p = 0.004-0.006), and post-menopausal endometrium (p = 0.002), respectively. <it>HYAL2 </it>mRNA was also reduced in cancer (p = 0.02) and correlated with <it>HYAL1</it> (r = 0.8, p = 0.0001). There was an inverse correlation between <it>HYAL1 </it>mRNA and the epithelial hyaluronan staining intensity (r = -0.6; P = 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicated that <it>HYAL1 </it>and <it>HYAL2 </it>were coexpressed and significantly downregulated in endometrioid endometrial cancer and correlated with the accumulation of hyaluronan. While immunoreactivity for HASs increased in the cancer cells, tumor mRNA levels for <it>HAS</it>s were not changed, suggesting that reduced turnover of HAS protein may also have contributed to the accumulation of hyaluronan.</p

Expression of Hyaluronan Synthases (HAS1–3) and Hyaluronidases (HYAL1–2) in Serous Ovarian Carcinomas: Inverse Correlation between HYAL1 and Hyaluronan Content

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hyaluronan, a tumor promoting extracellular matrix polysaccharide, is elevated in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors, and associates with an unfavorable prognosis. To explore possible contributors to the accumulation of hyaluronan, we examined the expression of hyaluronan synthases (<it>HAS1</it>, <it>HAS2 </it>and <it>HAS3</it>) and hyaluronidases (<it>HYAL1 </it>and <it>HYAL2</it>), correlated with hyaluronidase enzyme activity hyaluronan content and HAS1–3 immunoreactivity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Normal ovaries (n = 5) and 34 serous epithelial ovarian tumors, divided into 4 groups: malignant grades 1+2 (n = 10); malignant grade 3 (n = 10); borderline (n = 4) and benign epithelial tumors (n = 10), were analyzed for mRNA by real-time RT-PCR and compared to hyaluronidase activity, hyaluronan staining, and HAS1–3 immunoreactivity in tissue sections of the same specimens.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The levels of <it>HAS2 </it>and <it>HAS3 </it>mRNA (<it>HAS1 </it>was low or absent), were not consistently increased in the carcinomas, and were not significantly correlated with HAS protein or hyaluronan accumulation in individual samples. Instead, the median of <it>HYAL1 </it>mRNA level was 69% lower in grade 3 serous ovarian cancers compared to normal ovaries (P = 0.01). The expression of <it>HYAL1</it>, but not <it>HYAL2</it>, significantly correlated with the enzymatic activity of tissue hyaluronidases (r = 0.5; P = 0.006). An inverse correlation was noted between <it>HYAL1 </it>mRNA and the intensity of hyaluronan staining of the corresponding tissue sections (r = -0.4; P = 0.025).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicate that in serous epithelial ovarian malignancies <it>HAS </it>expression is not consistently elevated but <it>HYAL1 </it>expression is significantly reduced and correlates with the accumulation of hyaluronan. (233 words)</p

Primary and metastatic ovarian cancer: Characterization by 3.0T diffusion-weighted MRI

OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) measured by 3.0T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) associate with histological aggressiveness of ovarian cancer (OC) or predict the clinical outcome. This prospective study enrolled 40 patients with primary OC, treated 2011-2014. METHODS DWI was performed prior to surgery. Two observers used whole lesion single plane region of interest (WLsp-ROI) and five small ROIs (S-ROI) to analyze ADCs. Samples from tumours and metastases were collected during surgery. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to measure the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. RESULTS The interobserver reliability of ADC measurements was excellent for primary tumours ICC 0.912 (WLsp-ROI). Low ADCs significantly associated with poorly differentiated OC (WLsp-ROI P = 0.035). In primary tumours, lower ADCs significantly associated with high Ki-67 (P = 0.001) and low VEGF (P = 0.001) expression. In metastases, lower ADCs (WLsp-ROI) significantly correlated with low VEGF receptors mRNA levels. ADCs had predictive value; 3-year overall survival was poorer in patients with lower ADCs (WLsp-ROI P = 0.023, S-ROI P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Reduced ADCs are associated with histological severity and worse outcome in OC. ADCs measured with WLsp-ROI may serve as a prognostic biomarker of OC. KEY POINTS • Reduced ADCs correlate with prognostic markers: poor differentiation and high Ki-67 expression • ADCs also significantly correlated with VEGF protein expression in primary tumours • Lower ADC values are associated with poorer survival in ovarian cancer • Whole lesion single plane-ROI ADCs may be used as a prognostic biomarker in OC

Tiedosta tekoihin: Vuorovaikutus ja yhteisöllinen oppiminen johtajien koulutuksessa

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan työelämässä toimivien johtajien ammatillista kehittymistä erityisesti yhteisöllisen oppimisen ja vuorovaikutuksen näkökulmasta. Artikkelissa esitellään malli, joka auttaa johtajaa hahmottamaan laaja-alaisesti oman ammatillisen kehittymisen kannalta keskeisiä osa-alueita. Keskitymme erityisesti siihen, mikä merkitys johtajan oppimisprosessissa on vuorovaikutuksella ja yhteisöllisellä oppimisella. Lähtökohtana yhteisöllisessä oppimisessa on vertaisoppijoista muodostuva yhteisö, mutta työelämässä toimivalle johtajalle siihen sisältyy myös aktiivinen pyrkimys verkostomaiseen vuorovaikutukseen monien eri toimijoiden kanssa. Johtajan ammatillisen kehittymisen tavoitteena on oppimisen vaikuttavuuden konkretisointi oman organisaation muuttumisen ja uusiutumisen kautta. Tämä artikkeli tarjoaa lähestymistavan, jonka avulla on mahdollista tarkastella yhteisöllisen oppimisen ulottuvuuksia johtamiskoulutuksessa ja muussa työelämälähtöisessä aikuiskoulutuksessa.This article addresses the professional development of managers from the perspective of collaborative learning and interaction. The model presented in the article helps learners to comprehensively outline key areas for their professional development and to set goals for their learning. Interaction and collaborative learning are essential in a manager’s learning process. The starting point is a community of experienced peer learners, but for a practising manager, collaborative learning can be perceived as the active pursuit of interaction with a variety of actors in diverse contexts. For managers, the goal is to concretize the effectiveness of learning by changing and renewing their organization. This article contributes to management education and provides approaches for the further development of collaborative learning in other adult education contexts based on working life

Inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with respect to periodontal status

Objective: To study prospectively the association of salivary and serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 with periodontal and systemic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that biomarker concentrations reflect inflammation. Methods: Fifty three early untreated RA (ERA) and 28 chronic RA (CRA) patients, underwent rheumatological and dental examinations at baseline and one year later after starting first conventional or biological disease modifying antirheumatic drug. We included 43 control subjects. Saliva and serum samples were analyzed for MMP-8, TIMP-1 and IL-6. Periodontal health was assessed by bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD) and periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI); RA disease activity was assessed by disease activity score DAS28. Joint destruction was analyzed by the modified Sharp-van der Heijde (SHS) method. Results: Serum MMP-8 (p <.001; p <.001) and IL-6 (p <.001; p =.002) were significantly higher in CRA vs. other study groups during the study. Salivary MMP-8 (p =.010) and IL-6 (p =.010) were significantly higher in ERA vs. other study groups at baseline. Salivary MMP-8 was associated with periodontal parameters. Conclusion: Elevated serum concentrations of MMP-8 and IL-6 in CRA patients reflected chronic RA, while elevated salivary concentrations of MMP-8 levels in ERA patients reflected increased periodontal inflammation.Peer reviewe