286 research outputs found
Temporal Localization of Fine-Grained Actions in Videos by Domain Transfer from Web Images
We address the problem of fine-grained action localization from temporally
untrimmed web videos. We assume that only weak video-level annotations are
available for training. The goal is to use these weak labels to identify
temporal segments corresponding to the actions, and learn models that
generalize to unconstrained web videos. We find that web images queried by
action names serve as well-localized highlights for many actions, but are
noisily labeled. To solve this problem, we propose a simple yet effective
method that takes weak video labels and noisy image labels as input, and
generates localized action frames as output. This is achieved by cross-domain
transfer between video frames and web images, using pre-trained deep
convolutional neural networks. We then use the localized action frames to train
action recognition models with long short-term memory networks. We collect a
fine-grained sports action data set FGA-240 of more than 130,000 YouTube
videos. It has 240 fine-grained actions under 85 sports activities. Convincing
results are shown on the FGA-240 data set, as well as the THUMOS 2014
localization data set with untrimmed training videos.Comment: Camera ready version for ACM Multimedia 201
Trends and Correlates of Breast Cancer Screening among Florida Women: Analysis of 2001 and 2008 BRFSS Data
This study examined trends and correlates of breast cancer screening among women aged â„40 years old by race/ethnicity using the 2001 and 2008 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Breast cancer screening was measured using both mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE). The total sample size was 10,386, with 4,938 women in the 2001 BRFSS and 5,448 in 2008. Significant disparities in breast cancer screening by race/ethnicity were found both in 2001 and 2008, with Hispanics having the lowest screening participation, compared to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. In 2008, non-Hispanic Black women had the highest percentage of timely mammography, CBE, and both mammography and CBE combined than non- Hispanic white and Hispanic women. Not having health insurance was a strong predictor of non-screening across all racial/ethnic groups. Whereas age, being married, and having a college education or higher were negatively correlated with lack of timely breast cancer screening among non-Hispanic Whites, poor health status was positively associated with lack of timely screening. Among Hispanics, the variables of having some college education or college degree or higher were positively associated with lack of CBE and with mammography and CBE. Our findings suggest that both an expansion of health insurance coverage as well as the timely promotion of screening across education and racial/ethnic segments may be important for breast cancer prevention
Productive and reproductive performance of local cows under farmerâs management in central Tigray, Ethiopia
The study was conducted on 408 indigenous cows maintained under farmerâs management in eight districts of central Tigray, Ethiopia. A total of 208 small-scale dairy farm owners were randomly selected and interviewed with structured questionnaire to obtain information on the productive and reproductive performance of indigenous cows. The results of the study showed that the mean age at first calving (AFC) was 43.3 ±2.7 months, number of services per conception (NSC) was 2.7±0.5, days open (DO) was 201.47±61.21 days, calving interval (CI) was 468.33±71.42 days, lactation length (LL) was 206.17±32.33 days, lactation milk yield (LMY) was 414.65±53.69 litres for indigenous cows. The estimated value for productive and reproductive traits had higher than normal range in indigenous cows. This calls for a planned technical and institutional intervention for improved support services for appropriate breeding programs, improved cows and adequate veterinary health services.
Key words: Productive and Reproductive Performance, Local Cows
Learning from Partially Annotated Data: Example-aware Creation of Gap-filling Exercises for Language Learning
Since performing exercises (including, e.g., practice tests) forms a crucial
component of learning, and creating such exercises requires non-trivial effort
from the teacher. There is a great value in automatic exercise generation in
digital tools in education. In this paper, we particularly focus on automatic
creation of gapfilling exercises for language learning, specifically grammar
exercises. Since providing any annotation in this domain requires human expert
effort, we aim to avoid it entirely and explore the task of converting existing
texts into new gap-filling exercises, purely based on an example exercise,
without explicit instruction or detailed annotation of the intended grammar
topics. We contribute (i) a novel neural network architecture specifically
designed for aforementioned gap-filling exercise generation task, and (ii) a
real-world benchmark dataset for French grammar. We show that our model for
this French grammar gap-filling exercise generation outperforms a competitive
baseline classifier by 8% in F1 percentage points, achieving an average F1
score of 82%. Our model implementation and the dataset are made publicly
available to foster future research, thus offering a standardized evaluation
and baseline solution of the proposed partially annotated data prediction task
in grammar exercise creation.Comment: 12 pages, Accepted in the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for
Building Educational Application
A multianalytical approach to investigate stone biodeterioration at a UNESCO world heritage site: the volcanic rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, Northern Ethiopia.
A multianalytical approach combining Optical
Microscopy (OM), Backscattered Variable Pressure Scanning
Electron Microscopy + Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(VP-BSEM + EDS), Powder X-ray Diffractometry
(PXRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Microbiological
techniques has been applied to characterize decay products
and processes occurring at the surface of two rockhewn
churches (Bete Gyorgis and Bete Amanuel) at the UNESCOâs
World Heritage site of Lalibela, Northern Ethiopia.
The two churches were carved into volcanic scoria deposits
of basaltic composition. In their geological history, the Lalibela
volcanic rocks underwent late to post-magmatic hydrothermal
alteration together with partial laterization and
are therefore characterized by a decay-prone highly vesicular
microtexture with late stage to post-magmatic precipitation
of secondary mineral phases (calciteâzeoliteâsmectite).
The main objective of the study was to gain a better insight
into the weathering products and mechanisms affecting the
surface of the stone monuments and to assess the relative contribution of natural âgeologicalâ weathering processes
versus biological/salt attack in stone decay at this unique
heritage site. Results indicate that while the main cause of
bulk rock deterioration and structural failure could be related
to the stone inherited âgeologicalâ features, biological
attack by micro- (bacteria) and/or macro- (lichens) organisms
is currently responsible for severe stone surface physical
and chemical weathering leading to significant weakening
of the stone texture and to material loss at the surface of
the churches walls. A prompt and careful removal of the biological
patinas with the correct biocidal treatment is therefore
recommended
A multianalytical approach to investigate stone biodeterioration at a UNESCO world heritage site: the volcanic rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, Northern Ethiopia.
A multianalytical approach combining Optical
Microscopy (OM), Backscattered Variable Pressure Scanning
Electron Microscopy + Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(VP-BSEM + EDS), Powder X-ray Diffractometry
(PXRD), Raman Spectroscopy, and Microbiological
techniques has been applied to characterize decay products
and processes occurring at the surface of two rockhewn
churches (Bete Gyorgis and Bete Amanuel) at the UNESCOâs
World Heritage site of Lalibela, Northern Ethiopia.
The two churches were carved into volcanic scoria deposits
of basaltic composition. In their geological history, the Lalibela
volcanic rocks underwent late to post-magmatic hydrothermal
alteration together with partial laterization and
are therefore characterized by a decay-prone highly vesicular
microtexture with late stage to post-magmatic precipitation
of secondary mineral phases (calciteâzeoliteâsmectite).
The main objective of the study was to gain a better insight
into the weathering products and mechanisms affecting the
surface of the stone monuments and to assess the relative contribution of natural âgeologicalâ weathering processes
versus biological/salt attack in stone decay at this unique
heritage site. Results indicate that while the main cause of
bulk rock deterioration and structural failure could be related
to the stone inherited âgeologicalâ features, biological
attack by micro- (bacteria) and/or macro- (lichens) organisms
is currently responsible for severe stone surface physical
and chemical weathering leading to significant weakening
of the stone texture and to material loss at the surface of
the churches walls. A prompt and careful removal of the biological
patinas with the correct biocidal treatment is therefore
recommended
Promocijas darbs
ElektroniskÄ versija nesatur pielikumu
Unsupervised, Efficient and Semantic Expertise Retrieval
We introduce an unsupervised discriminative model for the task of retrieving
experts in online document collections. We exclusively employ textual evidence
and avoid explicit feature engineering by learning distributed word
representations in an unsupervised way. We compare our model to
state-of-the-art unsupervised statistical vector space and probabilistic
generative approaches. Our proposed log-linear model achieves the retrieval
performance levels of state-of-the-art document-centric methods with the low
inference cost of so-called profile-centric approaches. It yields a
statistically significant improved ranking over vector space and generative
models in most cases, matching the performance of supervised methods on various
benchmarks. That is, by using solely text we can do as well as methods that
work with external evidence and/or relevance feedback. A contrastive analysis
of rankings produced by discriminative and generative approaches shows that
they have complementary strengths due to the ability of the unsupervised
discriminative model to perform semantic matching.Comment: WWW2016, Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World
Wide Web. 201
Integrated morbidity mapping of lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis cases in 20 co-endemic districts of Ethiopia
Background:
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and podoconiosis are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that pose a significant physical, social and economic burden to endemic communities. Patients affected by the clinical conditions of LF (lymphoedema and hydrocoele) and podoconiosis (lymphoedema) need access to morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) services. Clear estimates of the number and location of these patients are essential to the efficient and equitable implementation of MMDP services for both diseases.
Methodology/Principle findings:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ethiopia using the Health Extension Worker (HEW) network to identify all cases of lymphoedema and hydrocoele in 20 woredas (districts) co-endemic for LF and podoconiosis. A total of 612 trained HEWs and 40 supervisors from 20 districts identified 26,123 cases of clinical morbidity. Of these, 24,908 (95.3%) reported cases had leg lymphoedema only, 751 (2.9%) had hydrocoele, 387 (1.5%) had both leg lymphoedema and hydrocoele, and 77 (0.3%) cases had breast lymphoedema. Of those reporting leg lymphoedema, 89.3% reported bilateral lymphoedema. Older age groups were more likely to have a severe stage of disease, have bilateral lymphoedema and to have experienced an acute attack in the last six months.
Conclusions/Significance:
This study represents the first community-wide, integrated clinical case mapping of both LF and podoconiosis in Ethiopia. It highlights the high number of cases, particularly of leg lymphoedema that could be attributed to either of these diseases. This key clinical information will assist and guide the allocation of resources to where they are needed most
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