Working with refugees during COVID-19: social worker voices from Turkey

This short essay aims to share social workers’ experiences of working with refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Three of the authors work in different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in different cities. NGOs play a vital role in the delivery of psychosocial support services to refugees in Turkey and have been inevitably affected by the pandemic. The major practice challenges are being unprepared for tele-social work, a decrease in financial resources, increasing barriers to resources, and threats to refugee children’s wellbeing. Finally, suggestions are made for the near future

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Distribution of Cs-137 in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in Eastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey

DALGIC, GOKTUG/0000-0001-8619-6160;WOS: 000377726700064PubMed: 27021268This study presents the results of Cs-137 and K-40 radionuclide concentrations in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) samples collected during the period of February-November 2014 from twelve different stations within the border of the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Also, these radionuclide concentrations were determined in sea water and sediment samples. the activity concentrations in seawater, sediment and mussel tissue samples were between 1.12-1.69 mBq L-1, 3.26-30.74 and 1.61-3.16 Bq kg(-1) for Cs-137 and 231.41-399.49 mBq L-1, 215.71-450.07 and 286.84-382.16 Bq kg(-1) for K-40, respectively. These values are also in accordance with the concentrations reported for similar regions. Additionally, radiological impact parameters such as daily intake of Cs-137 and K-40, annual committed effective dose and carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of mussel were calculated and compared with the international data. Lifetime cancer risk values are lower than the limit of 10(-3). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (CAYDAG)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113Y148]This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (CAYDAG, Project No: 113Y148)

Superoxide dismutase activity and the effect of N-methly-D-aspartate antagonists on lipid peroxidation in the early phase of cold injury

Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and excitatory amino acids have been implicated in the secondary mechanisms of traumatic brain injury. We used the cold injury model in rats to assess the endogenous activity of the protective enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lipid peroxidation level in the contused tissue at an early phase of injury. Furthermore, we treated the rats with two different N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, namely MK-801 and CPP, and evaluated their effect on lipid peroxidation in the contused tissue. Rats were divided into four groups: sham, control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups (n = 16 for each group). Thirty and 60 min after craniectomy or injury, tissue samples were removed. SOD activity didn't change in this period. However, lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) amount showed a significant increase at 60 min. Fifteen minutes after injury, MK-801 (1 mg/kg), CPP (10 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml) were applied intraperitoneally in treatment 1, treatment 2 and the control groups, Treatment with MK-801 attenuated MDA levels, whereas treatment with CPP did not. The protective effect of MK-801 achieved statistical significance. These results demonstrate that SOD activity does not change in the Parry period of cold injury. Moreover, these results show that lipid peroxidation increases after 60 min of cold injury, and treatment with MK-801 15 min after injury can prevent this elevation

Gamma ray and neutron shielding properties of some concrete materials

Shielding of gamma-rays and neutrons by 12 concrete samples with and without mineral additives has been studied. The total mass attenuation and linear attenuation coefficients, half-value thicknesses, effective atomic numbers, effective electron densities and atomic cross-sections at photons energies of 59.5 and 661 keV have been measured and calculated. The measured and calculated values were compared and a reasonable agreement has been observed. Also the recorded values showed a change with energy and composition of the concrete samples. In addition, neutron shielding has been treated in terms of macroscopic removal cross-section (?R, cm-1) concept. The WinXCom and NXcom programs were employed to calculate the attenuation coefficients of gamma-rays and neutrons, respectively. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Superoxide dismutase activity and the effects of NBQX and CPP on lipid peroxidation in experimental spinal cord injury

The endogenous activity of the neuroprotective enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the amount of lipid peroxidation in the early phase of experimental spinal cord injury, together with the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist CPP and non-NMDA antagonist NBQX on lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The clip compression model was used for the production of a standardized spinal cord trauma. SOD activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels - as an indicator of lipid peroxidation - were determined in the injured segment of the spinal cord 30 and 60 min after injury. SOD activity did not change in this period, whereas MDA levels at 30 and 60 min after trauma were significantly elevated. Intrathecal administration of CPP or NBQX 15 min after injury produced statistically significant reductions in MDA elevation 60 min after injury. NBQX was found to be more effective than CPP. These results demonstrated that intrathecal local application of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists can protect the spinal cord from secondary damage caused by the generation of lipid peroxides in experimental spinal cord injury

Protective effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, MK-801 and CPP on cold-induced brain oedema

Cold injury model in rat was used to determine the effect of treatment with the competitive NMDA antagonists CPP and the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 in cerebral oedema. MK-801 was applied in doses of 1 mg/kg and CPP of 10 mg/kg, 15 min. after injury. Control animals received 1 mi saline at the same time interval after injury. Tissue samples from the core and periphery of the lesion of the injured hemisphere and from the symmetrical location of the undamaged contralateral hemisphere were removed 24 hours after injury. Blood brain barrier permeability, brain water content and tissue specific gravity values were determined. MK-801 was found beneficial for reducing the oedema and restore the blood brain barrier permeability at the penumbral zone of the lesion, whereas both MK-801 and CPP were found ineffective for prevention of oedema accumulation at the core of the lesion

Peer education project on breast self-examination in Izmir, Turkey

PubMed ID: 15780028Purpose: The purpose of this research was to assess undergraduate female student knowledge related to the Peer Education Method and Breast Self-Examination (BSE), to encourage them to refer for screening with certain intervals and to teach them the means of utilizing the health services. Design: The subjects comprised 160 undergraduate female students who were selected by simple random sampling and who accepted to participate. Methods: A survey form, which was prepared under the direction of relative literature by the researcher four 3rd graders of Ege University School of Nursing, was applied to female students. The data collected were assessed after being coded. Findings: The numbers of undergraduate female students performing BSE regularly and their information levels related to the symptoms of breast cancer were found to be very low, but their mean scores for performing BSE after training given by peer guides were increased and the peer group training was found to be effective. Conclusions: From the results we conclude that the training guide was appropriate for transmitting information to university students for peer group education purposes

Diffusion and perfusion MRI findings with clinical correlation in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage related vasospasm

Background. Early radiological diagnosis of vasospasm as well as the detection of ischemic areas and the definition of cerebral perfusion changes may have an impact on the Current unfavorable results in patients with vasopasm. We investigated diffusion weighted (DW) and perfusion weighted (PW) magnetic resonance (MR) changes together with catheter angiography findings and tried to correlate radiological and clinical findings