256 research outputs found
Building a culture of participation: involving children and young people in policy,service planning, delivery and evaluation: handbook
A C-elegans stretch receptor neuron revealed by a mechanosensitive TRP channel homologue
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is commonly used as a genetic model organism for dissecting integration of the sensory and motor systems(1). Despite extensive genetic and behavioural analyses that have led to the identification of many genes and neural circuits involved in regulating C. elegans locomotion behaviour(1), it remains unclear whether and how somatosensory feedback modulates motor output during locomotion. In particular, no stretch receptors have been identified in C. elegans, raising the issue of whether stretch-receptor-mediated proprioception is used by C. elegans to regulate its locomotion behaviour. Here we have characterized TRP-4, the C. elegans homologue of the mechanosensitive TRPN channel. We show that trp-4 mutant worms bend their body abnormally, exhibiting a body posture distinct from that of wild-type worms during locomotion, suggesting that TRP-4 is involved in stretch-receptor-mediated proprioception. We show that TRP-4 acts in a single neuron, DVA, to mediate its function in proprioception, and that the activity of DVA can be stimulated by body stretch. DVA both positively and negatively modulates locomotion, providing a unique mechanism whereby a single neuron can fine-tune motor activity. Thus, DVA represents a stretch receptor neuron that regulates sensory - motor integration during C. elegans locomotion.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62770/1/nature04538.pd
Identifying Archaeological Bone via Non-Destructive ZooMS and the Materiality of Symbolic Expression: Examples from Iroquoian Bone Points.
Today, practical, functional and symbolic choices inform the selection of raw materials for worked objects. In cases where we can discern the origin of worked bone, tooth, ivory and antler objects in the past, we assume that similar choices are being made. However, morphological species identification of worked objects is often impossible due to the loss of identifying characteristics during manufacture. Here, we describe a novel non-destructive ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry) method which was applied to bone points from Pre-Contact St. Lawrence Iroquoian village sites in southern Quebec, Canada. The traditional ZooMS technique requires destructive analysis of a sample, which can be problematic when dealing with artefacts. Here we instead extracted proteins from the plastic bags in which the points had been stored. ZooMS analysis revealed hitherto unexpected species, notably black bear (Ursus americanus) and human (Homo sapiens sapiens), used in point manufacture. These surprising results (confirmed through genomic sequencing) highlight the importance of advancing biomolecular research in artefact studies. Furthermore, they unexpectedly and exceptionally allow us to identify and explore the tangible, material traces of the symbolic relationship between bears and humans, central to past and present Iroquoian cosmology and mythology
Measurement of Rapidity Distribution for High Mass Drell-Yan ee Pairs at CDF
We report on the first measurement of the rapidity distribution dsigma/dy
over nearly the entire kinematic region of rapidity for e^+e^- pairs in the
Z-boson region of 66116 GeV/c^2.
The data sample consists of 108 pb^{-1} of ppbar collisions at \sqrt{s}=1.8 TeV
taken by the Collider Detector at Fermilab during 1992--1995. The total cross
section in the -boson region is measured to be 252 +- 11 pb. The measured
total cross section and d\sigma/dy are compared with quantum chromodynamics
calculations in leading and higher orders.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Measurement of the p\bar{p}\sqrt{s}$ = 1.8 TeV
We update the measurement of the top production cross section using the CDF
detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement uses decays to
the final states +jets and +jets. We search for quarks from
decays via secondary-vertex identification or the identification of
semileptonic decays of the and cascade quarks. The background to the
production is determined primarily through a Monte Carlo simulation.
However, we calibrate the simulation and evaluate its uncertainty using several
independent data samples. For a top mass of 175 , we measure
pb and pb using
the secondary vertex and the lepton tagging algorithms, respectively. Finally,
we combine these results with those from other decay channels and
obtain pb.Comment: The manuscript consists of 130 pages, 35 figures and 42 tables in
RevTex. The manuscript is submitted to Physical Review D. Fixed typo in
author lis
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
Measurement of J/Psi and Psi(2S) Polarization in ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV
We have measured the polarization of J/Psi and Psi(2S) mesons produced in
p\bar{p} collisions at \sqrt{s} = 1.8 TeV, using data collected at CDF during
1992-95.
The polarization of promptly produced J/Psi [Psi(2S)] mesons is isolated from
those produced in B-hadron decay, and measured over the kinematic range 4[5.5]
< P_T < 20 GeV/c and |y| < 0.6. For P_T \gessim 12 GeV/c we do not observe
significant polarization in the prompt component.Comment: Revised version, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
Search for the Supersymmetric Partner of the Top-Quark in Collisions at
We report on a search for the supersymmetric partner of the top quark (stop)
produced in events using of
collisions at recorded with the Collider Detector at
Fermilab. In the case of a light stop squark, the decay of the top quark into
stop plus the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) could have a significant
branching ratio. The observed events are consistent with Standard Model production and decay. Hence, we set limits on the branching ratio of
the top quark decaying into stop plus LSP, excluding branching ratios above 45%
for a LSP mass up to 40 {\rm GeV/c}.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Measurement of the Decay Amplitudes of B0 --> J/psi K* and B0s --> J/psi phi Decays
A full angular analysis has been performed for the pseudo-scalar to
vector-vector decays, B0 --> J/psi K* and B_s --> J/psi phi, to determine the
amplitudes for decays with parity-even longitudinal and transverse polarization
and parity-odd transverse polarization. The measurements are based on 190 B0
candidates and 40 B_s candidates collected from a data set corresponding to 89
inverse pb of pbarp collisions at root(s) = 1.8 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron.
In both decays the decay amplitude for longitudinal polarization dominates and
the parity-odd amplitude is found to be small.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
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